<p>Aktuelna sistematika sekcije Synocheta na gotovo svim nivoima ne odražava realne&nbsp;filetičke&nbsp; veze.&nbsp; Neobična distribucija, nejasni diferencijalni&nbsp; karakteri familije Styloniscidae&nbsp; i&nbsp;njene veze sa familijom Trichoniscidae su problematični. Kriterijumi podele Trichoniscidae&nbsp;na podfamilije su nejasni, nedosledni i često neprimenljivi. &nbsp;Otuda ne čudi krajnje upro&scaron;ćena&nbsp;podela koja ne oslikava realne filetičke odnose unutar grupe, koji su znatno kompleksniji.&nbsp;</p><p>Od 593 vrste Synocheta, trećina (većinom&nbsp; endemita), naseljava Balkan, &scaron;to nameće&nbsp;<br />ovo područje&nbsp; kao&nbsp; jedan od centara diverzifikacije&nbsp; i&nbsp; diverziteta&nbsp; grupe,&nbsp; i čini&nbsp; ga idealnim za&nbsp;sagledavanje&nbsp; realnih&nbsp; filetičkih&nbsp; odnosa.&nbsp; Ovo&nbsp; je&nbsp; definisalo&nbsp; glavne&nbsp; ciljeve&nbsp; na&scaron;e&nbsp; studije:&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp;potpunije&nbsp; sagledavanje&nbsp; faune&nbsp; balkanskih&nbsp; Synocheta&nbsp; kroz&nbsp; taksonomsku&nbsp; obradu;&nbsp; utvrđivanje&nbsp;filetičkih veza&nbsp; na osnovu kompleksa relevantnih karaktera uporednim analizama, sa teži&scaron;tem&nbsp;na konzervativnijim karakterima, &scaron;to do sada nije učinjeno.&nbsp;</p><p>Konstatovali smo u balkanskoj fauni iz familije Styloniscidae 4 roda sa 15 vrsta, od&nbsp;toga 3 roda i 4 vrste su nove za nauku; iz familije Trichoniscidae 33 roda sa 176 vrsta, od&nbsp;toga 1 novi rod i 18 novih vrsta. Od tog broja 27 rodova i 161 vrsta Synocheta je endemično&nbsp;za Balkan.&nbsp;</p><p>Kod Styloniscidae smo utvrdili znatno veći diverzitet i heterogenost od onoga &scaron;to je&nbsp;bilo&nbsp; do&nbsp; sada&nbsp; poznato,&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; ukazuje&nbsp; na&nbsp; moguće&nbsp; poreklo&nbsp; ove&nbsp; grupe&nbsp; sa&nbsp; prostora&nbsp; severne&nbsp;Gondvane (delom inkorporirane u prostore Balkana), zajedničko sa familijom &nbsp;Trichoniscidae.</p><p>Rekonstruisali&nbsp; smo&nbsp; najznačajnije&nbsp; momente&nbsp; u&nbsp; filogeniji&nbsp; Trichoniscidae:&nbsp; vrlo&nbsp; rano&nbsp;razviće&nbsp; konglobacije,&nbsp; uz&nbsp; masivan&nbsp; integument&nbsp; i&nbsp; razvijenu&nbsp; ornamentiku&nbsp; kao&nbsp; adaptacije;&nbsp;prelazak&nbsp; na&nbsp; za&scaron;titu&nbsp; stereotaksacijom;&nbsp; evolucija&nbsp; ka&nbsp; aktivnijoj&nbsp; za&scaron;titi&nbsp; i&nbsp; gubitku&nbsp; &bdquo;oklopa&rdquo;&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp;dovodi do velike adaptivne radijacije. Pri tome smo pokazali da su karakteri koji su smatrani&nbsp;izvedenim osobinama zapravo pleziomorfni.</p><p>Predstavili smo osnovne&nbsp; evolutivne tokove u familiji&nbsp; Trichoniscidae, kao&nbsp; i filetičke&nbsp;<br />veze&nbsp; koje&nbsp; proizilaze&nbsp; iz&nbsp; ove&nbsp; studije:&nbsp; Haplophthalminae&nbsp; su&nbsp; stara&nbsp; grupa&nbsp; koja&nbsp; poseduje&nbsp; niz&nbsp;pleziomorfnih karaktera; Buddelndiellinae su stara grupa sa znatno bližim filetičkim vezama&nbsp;sa&nbsp; Haplophthalminae;&nbsp; Thaumatoniscellinae&nbsp; imaju&nbsp; vrlo&nbsp; davno&nbsp; zajedničko&nbsp; poreklo&nbsp; sa&nbsp;Haplophthalminae; Trichoniscinae su mlađa, parafiletička grupa, a mnoge linije su nezavisno&nbsp;evoluirale od podfamilije Haplophthalminae.&nbsp;</p><p>Ovom&nbsp; studijom&nbsp; smo&nbsp; u&nbsp; nekim&nbsp; segmentima&nbsp; dokazali&nbsp; dijametralno&nbsp; suprotne,&nbsp; znatno&nbsp;kompleksnije filetičke veze unutar Synocheta u odnosu na do sada prezentovane.</p> / <p>Current&nbsp; systematic&nbsp; Synocheta&nbsp; section&nbsp; at&nbsp; almost&nbsp; all&nbsp; levels&nbsp; fails&nbsp; to&nbsp; reflect&nbsp; the&nbsp; real phyletic&nbsp; relations.&nbsp; Unusual&nbsp; distribution&nbsp; and&nbsp; vague&nbsp; differential&nbsp; characters&nbsp; of&nbsp; Styloniscidae family&nbsp; and&nbsp; its&nbsp; relationships&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; Trichoniscidae&nbsp; family&nbsp; are&nbsp; problematic.&nbsp; The&nbsp; division criteria&nbsp; for&nbsp; forming&nbsp; Trichoniscidae&nbsp; subfamilies&nbsp; are&nbsp; unclear,&nbsp; inconsistent&nbsp; and&nbsp; often unenforceable. Hence, the extremely simplified division that does not reflect the real phyletic relations within the group, which are much more complex, is not surprising.</p><p>Of&nbsp; 593&nbsp; Synocheta&nbsp; species,&nbsp; one&nbsp; third&nbsp; (mostly&nbsp; endemic)&nbsp; inhabit&nbsp; the&nbsp; Balkans,&nbsp; which imposes this area as one of the centers of diversification and diversity of the group, and makes it ideal for the analysis of real phyletic relations. This defined the&nbsp; main goals of our study: as complete assessment of the fauna of the Balkan Synocheta as achievable through taxonomic treatment; determining phyletic relations through comparative analyses based on the complex of relevant characters, with the emphasis on the more conservative ones, which has not been accomplished thus far.</p><p>In&nbsp; the&nbsp; Balkan&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; Styloniscidae&nbsp; family,&nbsp; 4&nbsp; genera&nbsp; with&nbsp; 15&nbsp; species&nbsp; were identified, of which 3 genera and 4 species are new to science; similarly, the 33 genera&nbsp; with 176 species from the family Trichoniscidae found in Balkan fauna included one new genus and 18&nbsp; new&nbsp; species.&nbsp; Of&nbsp; that&nbsp; number,&nbsp; 27&nbsp; genera&nbsp; and&nbsp; 161&nbsp; Synocheta&nbsp; species&nbsp; are&nbsp; endemic&nbsp; to&nbsp; the Balkans.</p><p>In&nbsp; Styloniscidae,&nbsp; we&nbsp; found&nbsp; much&nbsp; greater&nbsp; diversity&nbsp; and&nbsp; heterogeneity&nbsp; than&nbsp; was previously established, which indicates that these groups possibly originate from the&nbsp; northern Gondwana (partly incorporated into the Balkans area), in common with&nbsp; Trichoniscidae family.</p><p>We reconstructed the most important moments in the Trichoniscidae philogeny: early&nbsp;development&nbsp; of&nbsp; conglobation,&nbsp; with&nbsp; massive&nbsp; integument&nbsp; and&nbsp; developed&nbsp;&nbsp; rnamentation&nbsp; as adaptations;&nbsp; transition&nbsp; into&nbsp; protection&nbsp; via&nbsp; stereotaxation;&nbsp; evolution&nbsp; toward&nbsp; more&nbsp; active protection&nbsp; and&nbsp; loss&nbsp; of&nbsp; &quot;armor&quot;,&nbsp; which&nbsp; leads&nbsp; to&nbsp; extensive&nbsp; adaptive&nbsp; radiation.&nbsp; In&nbsp; addition,&nbsp; we have shown that the characters that were previously considered derived properties are actually plesiomorphic.</p><p>We have presented the basic evolutionary trends in Trichoniscidae family, as well as phyletic relations arising from this study: Haplophthalminae are the ancient group&nbsp; ossessing a wide range of plesiomorphic characters; Buddelndiellinae are the ancient&nbsp; group with a much VI closer phyletic relations to Haplophthalminae; Thaumatoniscellinae share a common, and very distant, origin&nbsp; with&nbsp; Haplophthalminae; Trichoniscinae are a&nbsp; younger paraphyletic&nbsp; group and many&nbsp; lines have evolved independently of the Haplophthalminae subfamily.</p><p>In&nbsp; this&nbsp; study,&nbsp; in&nbsp; some&nbsp; segments,&nbsp; we&nbsp; have&nbsp; demonstrated&nbsp; substantially&nbsp; more&nbsp; complex phyletic&nbsp; relations&nbsp; within&nbsp; Synocheta,&nbsp; diametrically&nbsp; opposed&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; previously&nbsp; presented findings.</p>

<p>Doktorska&nbsp; disertacija&nbsp; predstavlja&nbsp; studiju&nbsp; faune paukova (Arachnida, Araneae) Makedonije baziranu na&nbsp; kritičkoj&nbsp; analizi&nbsp; publikovanih&nbsp; podataka&nbsp; koji obuhvataju&nbsp; period&nbsp; od&nbsp; 1907.&nbsp; do&nbsp; 2018.&nbsp; godine, taksonomskoj reviziji relevantnih arahnolo&scaron;kih zbirki iz osam evropskih prirodnjačkih muzeja i rezultatima sopstvenih tridesetogodi&scaron;njih istraživanja. Terenski&nbsp; rad&nbsp; je&nbsp; baziran&nbsp; na&nbsp; sakupljanju&nbsp; materijala<br />kori&scaron;ćenjem&nbsp; standardnih&nbsp; metoda&nbsp; kao&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; su&nbsp; ručno sakupljanje&nbsp; i&nbsp; sakupljanje&nbsp; putem&nbsp; klopki&nbsp; i&nbsp; noviju metodu&nbsp; upotrebom motornog&nbsp; usisivača. Materijal je<br />laboratorijski obrađivan standardnim postupcima uz pomoć binokularne lupe i mikroskopa. Ukupno&nbsp; su&nbsp; registrovane&nbsp; 742&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; paukova&nbsp; iz&nbsp; 40 familija.&nbsp; Pet&nbsp; taksona&nbsp; pretstavljaju&nbsp; nove&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; za nauku. Dve vrste predstavljaju nove&nbsp; nalaze za&nbsp; faunu paukova&nbsp; Balkanskog&nbsp; poluostrva.&nbsp; &Scaron;ezdeset&nbsp; i&nbsp; dva taksona&nbsp; su&nbsp; po&nbsp; prvi&nbsp; put&nbsp; zabeležene&nbsp; za&nbsp; faunu Makedonije. Drevna familija Anapidae je sa jednom vrstom po prvi put registrovana u fauni Makedonije. Revizijom publikovanih podataka, ustanovljeno je da je179&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; pogre&scaron;no&nbsp; identifikovano&nbsp; i&nbsp; navedeno&nbsp; za<br />faunu Makedonije. Vrste&nbsp; su&nbsp; kategorisane&nbsp; prema&nbsp; trenutnom&nbsp; poznavanju njihove rasprostranjenosti, na osnovu čega je izvr&scaron;ena zoogeografska&nbsp; analiza&nbsp; faune.&nbsp; Ustanovljena&nbsp; su&nbsp; 32 horotipa&nbsp; u&nbsp; fauni&nbsp; paukova&nbsp; Makedonije,&nbsp; svrstana&nbsp; u četiri&nbsp; horolo&scaron;ka&nbsp; kompleksa:&nbsp; &scaron;ire&nbsp; rasprostranjene, evropske, mediteranske i endemske vrste. Najveći broj vrsta registrovano je u kompleksu &scaron;iroko rasprostranjenih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; (44,3%)&nbsp; koji&nbsp; daju&nbsp; glavni karakter fauni. Visok stepen zastupljenosti evropskih (19,1%)&nbsp; i&nbsp; eurosibirskih&nbsp; (11,3%)&nbsp; horolo&scaron;kih elemenata,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; dva&nbsp; pojedinačno&nbsp; najzastupljenija&nbsp; u fauni&nbsp; paukova&nbsp; Makedonije,&nbsp; je&nbsp; odraz&nbsp; dominantnog planinskog&nbsp; karaktera&nbsp; reljefa&nbsp; Makedonije.&nbsp; Horolo&scaron;ki kompleks&nbsp; mediteranskih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; zastupljen&nbsp; je&nbsp; sa&nbsp; 99 vrsta&nbsp; (13,3%).&nbsp; Visok&nbsp; udeo&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; (11,3%)&nbsp; koje pripadaju horolo&scaron;kim elementima koji su zastupljeni na prostorima Južne Evrope, Mediterana, Zapadne i<br />Srednje&nbsp; Azije&nbsp; govori&nbsp; o&nbsp; bogatoj&nbsp; fauni&nbsp; paukova kserofilnih,&nbsp; termofilnih&nbsp; i&nbsp; aridnih&nbsp; terena.&nbsp; Lokalni karakter faune može se sagledati u relativno velikom broja&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; iz&nbsp; kompleksa&nbsp; endemskih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; (87).&nbsp; Iz ovog kompleksa najdominantniji su vrste iz horotipa &quot;endemiti užeg područja&quot; sa 45 vrsta.Doktorska&nbsp; disertacija&nbsp; predstavlja&nbsp; studiju&nbsp; faune paukova (Arachnida, Araneae) Makedonije baziranu na&nbsp; kritičkoj&nbsp; analizi&nbsp; publikovanih&nbsp; podataka&nbsp; koji obuhvataju&nbsp; period&nbsp; od&nbsp; 1907.&nbsp; do&nbsp; 2018.&nbsp; godine,<br />taksonomskoj reviziji relevantnih arahnolo&scaron;kih zbirki iz osam evropskih prirodnjačkih muzeja i rezultatima sopstvenih tridesetogodi&scaron;njih istraživanja.Terenski&nbsp; rad&nbsp; je&nbsp; baziran&nbsp; na&nbsp; sakupljanju&nbsp; materijala kori&scaron;ćenjem&nbsp; standardnih&nbsp; metoda&nbsp; kao&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; su&nbsp; ručno sakupljanje&nbsp; i&nbsp; sakupljanje&nbsp; putem&nbsp; klopki&nbsp; i&nbsp; noviju metodu&nbsp; upotrebom motornog&nbsp; usisivača. Materijal je laboratorijski obrađivan standardnim postupcima uz pomoć binokularne lupe i mikroskopa. Ukupno&nbsp; su&nbsp; registrovane&nbsp; 742&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; paukova&nbsp; iz&nbsp; 40<br />familija.&nbsp; Pet&nbsp; taksona&nbsp; pretstavljaju&nbsp; nove&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; za nauku. Dve vrste predstavljaju nove&nbsp; nalaze za&nbsp; faunu paukova&nbsp; Balkanskog&nbsp; poluostrva.&nbsp; &Scaron;ezdeset&nbsp; i&nbsp; dva taksona&nbsp; su&nbsp; po&nbsp; prvi&nbsp; put&nbsp; zabeležene&nbsp; za&nbsp; faunu Makedonije. Drevna familija Anapidae je sa jednom vrstom po prvi put registrovana u fauni Makedonije. Revizijom publikovanih podataka, ustanovljeno je da je179&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; pogre&scaron;no&nbsp; identifikovano&nbsp; i&nbsp; navedeno&nbsp; za<br />faunu Makedonije. Vrste&nbsp; su&nbsp; kategorisane&nbsp; prema&nbsp; trenutnom&nbsp; poznavanju njihove rasprostranjenosti, na osnovu čega je izvr&scaron;ena zoogeografska&nbsp; analiza&nbsp; faune.&nbsp; Ustanovljena&nbsp; su&nbsp; 32 horotipa&nbsp; u&nbsp; fauni&nbsp; paukova&nbsp; Makedonije,&nbsp; svrstana&nbsp; u četiri&nbsp; horolo&scaron;ka&nbsp; kompleksa:&nbsp; &scaron;ire&nbsp; rasprostranjene, evropske, mediteranske i endemske vrste. Najveći broj vrsta registrovano je u kompleksu &scaron;iroko rasprostranjenih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; (44,3%)&nbsp; koji&nbsp; daju&nbsp; glavni karakter fauni. Visok stepen zastupljenosti evropskih (19,1%)&nbsp; i&nbsp; eurosibirskih&nbsp; (11,3%)&nbsp; horolo&scaron;kih elemenata,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; dva&nbsp; pojedinačno&nbsp; najzastupljenija&nbsp; u fauni&nbsp; paukova&nbsp; Makedonije,&nbsp; je&nbsp; odraz&nbsp; dominantnog planinskog&nbsp; karaktera&nbsp; reljefa&nbsp; Makedonije.&nbsp; Horolo&scaron;ki kompleks&nbsp; mediteranskih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; zastupljen&nbsp; je&nbsp; sa&nbsp; 99 vrsta&nbsp; (13,3%).&nbsp; Visok&nbsp; udeo&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; (11,3%)&nbsp; koje pripadaju horolo&scaron;kim elementima koji su zastupljeni na prostorima Južne Evrope, Mediterana, Zapadne i<br />Srednje&nbsp; Azije&nbsp; govori&nbsp; o&nbsp; bogatoj&nbsp; fauni&nbsp; paukova kserofilnih,&nbsp; termofilnih&nbsp; i&nbsp; aridnih&nbsp; terena.&nbsp; Lokalni karakter faune može se sagledati u relativno velikom broja&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; iz&nbsp; kompleksa&nbsp; endemskih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; (87).&nbsp; Iz ovog kompleksa najdominantniji su vrste iz horotipa &quot;endemiti užeg područja&quot; sa 45 vrsta.</p> / <p>The PhD research project is a study of fauna of spiders (Arachnida,&nbsp; Araneae)&nbsp; of&nbsp; Macedonia&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; a critical analysis of published data covering the period from &nbsp; 1907&nbsp; to&nbsp; 2018,&nbsp; taxonomic&nbsp; review&nbsp; of&nbsp; relevant arachnological&nbsp; collections&nbsp; from&nbsp; eight&nbsp; European Natural history museums and the results of author&rsquo;s thirty years of research. Field&nbsp; work&nbsp; is&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; collection&nbsp; of&nbsp; materials using standard methods such as manual collection and trapping and a newer method using a motor&nbsp; vacuum cleaner.&nbsp; The&nbsp; material&nbsp; was&nbsp; processed&nbsp; with&nbsp; standard procedures&nbsp; using&nbsp; a&nbsp; dissecting&nbsp; binocular&nbsp; and&nbsp; a microscope.A total of 742 species of spiders from 40 families have been registered. Five taxa are new species for science. Two species present new findings for the fauna of the spiders of the Balkan Peninsula. Sixty&nbsp; two taxa were recorded for the first time&nbsp; for the fauna of Macedonia.An&nbsp; ancient&nbsp; family&nbsp; Anapidae&nbsp; with&nbsp; one&nbsp; species&nbsp; has been&nbsp; registered&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; first&nbsp; time&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; of Macedonia. By reviewing&nbsp; the&nbsp; published data, it was established&nbsp; that&nbsp; 179&nbsp; species&nbsp; were&nbsp; incorrectly identified&nbsp; and&nbsp; listed&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; of&nbsp; Macedonia. Species&nbsp; are&nbsp; categorized&nbsp; according&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; current knowledge of their distribution, on the basis of which a zoogeographic analysis of the fauna was performed.32&nbsp; chorotypes&nbsp; were&nbsp; established&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; of&nbsp; the spiders&nbsp; of&nbsp; Macedonia,&nbsp; classified&nbsp; into&nbsp; four chorological&nbsp; complexes:&nbsp; widespread,&nbsp; European, Mediterranean and endemic species. The&nbsp; largest&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; species&nbsp; is&nbsp; registered&nbsp; in&nbsp; the complex of widespread species (44.3%), which give the main character of the fauna. The high degree of representation of European (19.1%) and Eurosiberian (11.3%)&nbsp; chorological&nbsp; elements,&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; two individually&nbsp; most&nbsp; represented&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; of&nbsp; the spiders of Macedonia, is a reflection of the dominant mountain&nbsp; character&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; relief&nbsp; of&nbsp; Macedonia.&nbsp; The chorological&nbsp; complex&nbsp; of&nbsp; Mediterranean&nbsp; species&nbsp; is represented&nbsp; by&nbsp; 99&nbsp; species&nbsp; (13.3%).&nbsp; The&nbsp; high proportion&nbsp; of&nbsp; species&nbsp; (11.3%)&nbsp; belonging&nbsp; to&nbsp; the chorological elements that are present on the territory of&nbsp; Southern&nbsp; Europe,&nbsp; the&nbsp; Mediterranean,&nbsp; West&nbsp; and Central&nbsp; Asia&nbsp; speaks&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; rich&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; of&nbsp; spiders&nbsp; of&nbsp; xerophilic,&nbsp; thermophilic&nbsp; and&nbsp; arid&nbsp; terrain.&nbsp; The&nbsp; local character of the fauna can be seen in a relatively large number&nbsp; of&nbsp; species&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; complex&nbsp; of&nbsp; endemic species&nbsp; (87).&nbsp; From&nbsp; this&nbsp; complex&nbsp; are&nbsp; the&nbsp; most dominant&nbsp; species&nbsp; from&nbsp;&nbsp; the&nbsp; chorotype&nbsp; &quot;narrower endemic&quot; with 45 species.Western&nbsp; Macedonia&nbsp; is&nbsp; the&nbsp; richest&nbsp; with&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; of spiders, with 23 species from the group of endemites of&nbsp; the&nbsp; narrower&nbsp; area,&nbsp; which&nbsp; speaks&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; great importance of this region as a refugium and space in which&nbsp; the&nbsp; processes&nbsp; of&nbsp; speciation&nbsp; were&nbsp; intensively carried out.</p>

The doctoral thesis is concerned with the issues that are faced when selecting strategic analysis tools to be used in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the process of strategic management. The paper comprises three parts. The first part presents a discussion on the methodology of strategic analysis and the application of its tools in SME. As a result, the taxonomy of 40 strategic analysis tools applied in business organizations (including SME) was designed. In addition, the „model of strategic tune“, defining the correlation of „a dominating strategy type“, „the size of an enterprise“, and „the nature of strategic analysis“, was formed in this part. The second part describes the methodologies to study the application of strategic analysis tools. In the course of research project, two individual empirical studies were conducted: 1) expert evaluation study of strategic analysis tools, during which the criteria for expert evaluation of 40 strategic analysis tools were prepared; 2) SME owners, executives and specialists‘ testing and survey. The third part of the thesis indicates the results of the study into the application of strategic analysis tools. While combining theoretical and empirical methods and using various classification criteria, four typologies of strategic analysis tools were designed. Factual material reflecting SME executives‘ scope of knowledge and their perceptions and attitudes towards strategic analysis was collected by means of testing and... [to full text]

Winter gnats of the genus Trichocera are one of the main insect groups found in mild climates during the autumn, winter and spring months and so are unique in their way of adapting to living in colder seasons. Phylogenetic links of the genus Trichocera are examined, taxonomy of the genus renewed, species composition of several regions is ascertained and characters for dividing into subgenuses are specified in this thesis. Based on the material collected in Lithuania by standard entomological techniques and by analysis of literature data, a list of 22 species of winter gnats is given with 9 species new for our country. One new for science species of winter gnats is described from Sardinia, Italy. Based on the selected morphologic characters, phylogenetic analysis was performed and 15 species were transferred from one subgenus to another as a result. Characters of male aedeagal complex were found to be a basis for attributing the species into particular subgenus. For the first time important structures of the females of four species, male of one species and type specimens of 15 more species were illustrated. World catalogue of the 110 recent species of Trichocera is compiled and different structures of 106 species are illustrated. / Genties Trichocera uodai yra viena pagrindinių vabzdžių grupių, aptinkamų vidutinėse platumose rudens, žiemos ir pavasario mėnesiais, ypatinga savo prisitaikymu gyventi šaltuoju laikotarpiu. Disertacijoje nagrinėjami genties Trichocera rūšių filogenetiniai ryšiai, atnaujinta genties taksonomija, išaiškinta atskirų regionų rūšinė įvairovė, patikslinti skirstymui į pogentes naudotini požymiai. Standartiniais entomologiniais metodais Lietuvoje surinktų žieminių uodų mėginių pagrindu bei pagal literatūros šaltinius buvo sudarytas 22 rūšių katalogas, papildant jį 9 naujomis mūsų šalies faunai rūšimis. Aprašyta nauja mokslui žieminių uodų rūšis iš Sardinijos salos (Italija). Remiantis atrinktais požymiais atlikta filogenetinė analizė, kurios pagrindu penkiolika rūšių perkeltos iš vienų pogenčių į kitas. Nustatyta, kad patinų edeaguso komplekso ypatybės yra svarbiausios skirstant rūšis į pogentes. Pirmą kartą iliustruotos keturių rūšių patelių ir vienos rūšies patino svarbios identifikacijai struktūros bei dar penkiolikos rūšių tipiniai egzemplioriai. Sudarytas 110 recentinių Trichocera genties rūšių pasaulio faunos katalogas, pateiktos 106 rūšių įvairių identifikacinių struktūrų iliustracijos.

<p>Osolike&nbsp; muve&nbsp; predstavljaju&nbsp; veoma&nbsp; bitnu&nbsp; i korisnu&nbsp; insekatsku&nbsp; grupu.&nbsp; Pružaju&nbsp; nezamenljive ekolo&scaron;ke&nbsp; i&nbsp; ekonomske&nbsp; usluge,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; usluge&nbsp; za&nbsp; životnu sredinu.&nbsp; Navedene&nbsp; usluge&nbsp; su&nbsp; omogućene&nbsp; njihovom sposobno&scaron;ću&nbsp; opra&scaron;ivanja&nbsp; biljaka&nbsp; u&nbsp; prirodnim&nbsp; i agroekosistemima,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; zahvaljujući&nbsp; larvama&ndash; predatorima&nbsp; lisnih&nbsp; va&scaron;i&nbsp; i&nbsp; drugih&nbsp; insekata,&nbsp; smanjujući ekonomske&nbsp; gubitke&nbsp; u&nbsp; prinosu&nbsp; kultivisanih&nbsp; biljaka. Takođe&nbsp; mogu&nbsp; poslužiti&nbsp; kao&nbsp; bioindikatori&nbsp; klimatskih promena&nbsp; i&nbsp; stanja&nbsp; stani&scaron;ta.&nbsp; Neke&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; imaju&nbsp; i konzervacioni značaj, obzirom da su zbog&nbsp; antropogenih uticaja postale ugrožene, &scaron;to zahteva preduzimanje mera za&nbsp; obezbeđivanje njihovog opstanka. Izuzetno bogatstvo flore i faune na Balkanskom<br />poluostrvu&nbsp; predstavlja&nbsp; jedinstveni&nbsp; ekolo&scaron;ki&nbsp; i biogeografski&nbsp; fenomen&nbsp; u&nbsp; Evropi.&nbsp; Grčka,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; jedna&nbsp; od najvažnijih&nbsp; centara&nbsp; biodiverzita&nbsp; na&nbsp; Balkanu&nbsp; i&nbsp; u Mediteranu&nbsp; se&nbsp; odlikuje&nbsp; &scaron;irokim&nbsp; spektrom&nbsp; važnih&nbsp; tipova ekosistema,&nbsp; od&nbsp; kojih&nbsp; su&nbsp; najbitniji&nbsp; &scaron;umski,&nbsp; budući&nbsp; da najveći&nbsp; broj&nbsp; osolikih&nbsp; muva&nbsp; preferira&nbsp; upravo&nbsp; taj&nbsp; tip stani&scaron;ta.<br />Značaj&nbsp; faunističkih&nbsp; istraživanja&nbsp; se&nbsp; ogleda&nbsp; u otkrivanju&nbsp; sastava&nbsp; i&nbsp; brojnosti&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; na&nbsp; određenim stani&scaron;tima ili područjima. Faunistički sastav pruža uvid u biodiverzitet&nbsp; istraživane&nbsp; oblasti,&nbsp; koja&nbsp; se&nbsp; neprekidno menja,&nbsp; naročito&nbsp; u&nbsp; poslednje&nbsp; vreme&nbsp; pod&nbsp; uticajem negativnog&nbsp; antropogenog&nbsp; uticaja.&nbsp; Podaci&nbsp; o&nbsp; vrstama mogu&nbsp; biti&nbsp; od&nbsp; velikog&nbsp; značaja&nbsp; za&nbsp; eventualne&nbsp; programe za&scaron;tite&nbsp; i&nbsp; oporavka&nbsp; ugroženih&nbsp; vrsta,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; u&nbsp; planiranju formiranja&nbsp; novih&nbsp; za&scaron;tićenih&nbsp; područja&nbsp; ili&nbsp; u&nbsp; uvođenju novih mera za&scaron;tite u već postojećim prirodnim dobrima.<br />Prepoznavanje ugroženih vrsta ili ugroženih stani&scaron;ta koje one&nbsp; naseljavaju,&nbsp; igra&nbsp; bitnu&nbsp; ulogu&nbsp; u&nbsp; planiranju konzervacionih strategija za njihovo očuvanje. Rezultati&nbsp; doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; upotpunjujuznanje o faunističkom sastavu, taksonomiji, distribuciji i&nbsp; diverzitetu osolikih muva u Grčkoj. Pomoću sakupljenih&nbsp; podataka&nbsp; formiran&nbsp; je&nbsp; identifikacioni&nbsp; ključ&nbsp; za razlikovanje&nbsp; kako&nbsp; rodova&nbsp; tako&nbsp; i&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp;&nbsp; registrovanih&nbsp; na&nbsp; ovom&nbsp; području,&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; u&nbsp; velikoj&nbsp; meri&nbsp; pomaže&nbsp; u&nbsp; daljim faunističkim&nbsp; istraživanjima.&nbsp; Kao&nbsp; rezultat&nbsp; ove&nbsp; doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; dobijena&nbsp; je&nbsp; konačna&nbsp; lista&nbsp; od&nbsp; 418&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; iz&nbsp; 83 roda.&nbsp; Od&nbsp; ukupnog&nbsp; broja&nbsp; zabeleženih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; 64&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; su&nbsp; prvi put registrovane na teritoriji Grčke, dok&nbsp; su 18 vrsta&nbsp; nove za nauku.<br />Osnovni&nbsp; cilj&nbsp; ovog&nbsp; rada&nbsp; je&nbsp; revizija&nbsp; faune osolikih muva&nbsp; Grčke&nbsp; na osnovu prikupljenog materijala iz&nbsp; publikovanih&nbsp; i&nbsp; nepublikovanih&nbsp; zbirki&nbsp; i&nbsp; dopunskih<br />terenskih istraživanja, sastavljanje liste o svim poznatim&nbsp; vrstama&nbsp; sa&nbsp; područja&nbsp; Grčke,&nbsp; i&nbsp; izrada&nbsp; identifikacionog ključa&nbsp; za&nbsp; razlikovanje&nbsp; zabeleženih&nbsp; rodova&nbsp; i&nbsp; vrsta<br />(praćeni&nbsp; fotografijama&nbsp; i&nbsp; crtežima&nbsp; dijagnostičkih morfolo&scaron;kih&nbsp; karaktera&nbsp; adultnih&nbsp; jedinki).&nbsp; Drugi&nbsp; deo doktorske&nbsp; disertacije&nbsp; se&nbsp; bavi&nbsp; prepoznavanjem&nbsp; retkih&nbsp; i<br />ugroženih vrsta Grčke sa naglaskom na njihovu za&scaron;titu i konzervaciju.&nbsp; U&nbsp; okviru&nbsp; disertacije je&nbsp; izvr&scaron;ena&nbsp; prostorna analiza distribucije vrsta na području&nbsp; Grčke, koja su već ugrožena&nbsp; na&nbsp; evropskom&nbsp; i&nbsp; balkanskom&nbsp; nivou,&nbsp; a&nbsp; u&nbsp; cilju&nbsp; određivanja&nbsp; područja&nbsp; sa&nbsp; posebnim&nbsp; značajem&nbsp; za&nbsp; njihovo očuvanje.</p> / <p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="&#45;-"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin-top:0in;mso-para-margin-right:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}</style><![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal">Hoverflies&nbsp; are&nbsp; a&nbsp; very&nbsp; important&nbsp; and&nbsp; useful&nbsp; insect group.&nbsp; They&nbsp; provide&nbsp;&nbsp; irreplaceable&nbsp; environmental&nbsp; and economic&nbsp; services,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; environmental&nbsp; services.&nbsp; These services&nbsp; are&nbsp; enabled&nbsp; by&nbsp; their&nbsp; ability&nbsp; to&nbsp; pollinate&nbsp; plants&nbsp; in natural&nbsp; and&nbsp; agroecosystems,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; thanks&nbsp; to&nbsp; larvaepredators&nbsp; of&nbsp; aphids&nbsp; and&nbsp; other&nbsp; insects,&nbsp; reducing&nbsp; economic losses&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; yield&nbsp; of&nbsp; cultivated&nbsp; plants. Hoverflies&nbsp; are extremely important for the environment, as they can serve as bioindicators of climate change and habitat conditions. Some species&nbsp; also&nbsp; have&nbsp; conservation&nbsp; importance,&nbsp; since&nbsp; they&nbsp; have become&nbsp; endangered&nbsp; due&nbsp; to&nbsp; anthropogenic&nbsp; effects,&nbsp; which requires taking measures to ensure their survival. The extraordinary richness of flora and fauna on the Balkan&nbsp; Peninsula&nbsp; represents&nbsp; a&nbsp; unique&nbsp; ecological&nbsp; and biogeographical phenomenon in Europe. Greece, as one of the most important center of biodiversity in the Balkans and in the Mediterranean,&nbsp; is&nbsp; characterized&nbsp; by&nbsp; a&nbsp; wide&nbsp; spectrum&nbsp; of important&nbsp; ecosystem&nbsp; types,&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; important&nbsp; of&nbsp; which&nbsp; are forests, since the largest number of hoverflies prefer this type of habitat.The importance of faunal research is reflected in the discovery&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; composition&nbsp; and&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; species&nbsp; in specific habitats or areas. The faunal composition provides an insight into the biodiversity of the investigated area, which is&nbsp; constantly&nbsp; changing,&nbsp; especially&nbsp; lately&nbsp; under&nbsp; the&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of negative&nbsp; anthropogenic impact. Data about species can be of great importance for possible programs for the protection and recovery of endangered species, as well as in the planning of the formation of new protected areas or in the introduction of new&nbsp; measures&nbsp; of&nbsp; protection&nbsp; in&nbsp; already&nbsp; existing&nbsp; natural resources.&nbsp; Identifying&nbsp; endangered&nbsp; species&nbsp; or&nbsp; endangered habitats&nbsp; they&nbsp; inhabit&nbsp; plays&nbsp; an&nbsp; important&nbsp; role&nbsp; in&nbsp; planning conservation strategies for their conservation.The&nbsp; results&nbsp; of&nbsp; these&nbsp; thesis&nbsp; complement&nbsp; the knowledge&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; fauna&nbsp; composition,&nbsp; taxonomy,&nbsp; distribution and diversity of hoverflies in Greece. Using the collected data, an&nbsp; identification&nbsp; key&nbsp; was&nbsp; formed&nbsp; to&nbsp; distinguish&nbsp; both&nbsp; the genera&nbsp; and&nbsp; species&nbsp; registered&nbsp; in&nbsp; this&nbsp; area,&nbsp; which&nbsp; greatly assisted in further faunistic research. As a result of these thesis a final list of 418 species rom 83 genus was obtained. Of the total&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; recorded&nbsp; species,&nbsp; 64&nbsp; species&nbsp; were&nbsp; first&nbsp; time registered in the territory of Greece, while a total of 18 species are new to science. The main goal of this paper is to revise the fauna of Greek&nbsp; howerflies&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; collected&nbsp; material&nbsp; from published&nbsp; and&nbsp; unpublished&nbsp; collections&nbsp; and&nbsp; additional&nbsp; field research, compile a list of all known species from&nbsp; Greece, and create an identification key to distinguish the recorded genera and&nbsp; species&nbsp; (accompanied&nbsp; by&nbsp; photographs&nbsp; and&nbsp; drawings&nbsp; of diagnostic morphological characters of adult individuals). The second&nbsp; part&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; thesis&nbsp; deals&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; identification&nbsp; of&nbsp; rare and endangered species of Greece&nbsp; with an emphasis on their protection&nbsp; and&nbsp; conservation.&nbsp; Within&nbsp; the&nbsp; framework&nbsp; of&nbsp; the dissertation, a spatial analysis of the distribution of species in Greece&nbsp; was&nbsp; carried&nbsp; out,&nbsp; already&nbsp; threatened&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; European and&nbsp; Balkan&nbsp; levels,&nbsp; in&nbsp; order&nbsp; to&nbsp; determine&nbsp; areas&nbsp; of&nbsp; special<br />significance for their preservation.</p>

<p>Pored rodova evropskih orhideja koji se odlikuju velikim stepenom diverzifikacije, kao i značajnim brojem novoopisanih vrsta, kao &scaron;to su <em>Ophrys </em>ili<em> Epipactis,</em> rod<em> Anacamptis </em>je ostao poprilično zapostavljen u orhidolo&scaron;kim istraživanjima. Na predstavnicima ovog roda uglavnom su vr&scaron;ena molekularna istraživanja, u kojima je bio uključen i veći broj drugih rodova.Takođe, urađene su i opsežne studije, ali samo na pojedinim vrstama. Morfolo&scaron;ka istraživanja su bila veoma retka i uz par uzuzetaka, ograničena na geografski mala područja i na jednu ili nekoliko morfolo&scaron;ki sličnih vrsta. Analiza morfolo&scaron;ke varijabilnosti ovolikog broja taksona roda<em> Anacamptis</em> na geografski relativno velikom području kakvo je Balkansko poluostrvo, kao i deo Panonske nizije koji se oslanja na njega, do&nbsp; sada nije bilo sprovedeno. Morfolo&scaron;kim analizama bili su podvrgnuti gotovo svi predstavnici ovog roda u rangu vrste i podvrste, a koji se javljaju na području kopnenog dela Balkanskog poluostrva, kao i južnog oboda Panonske nizije. Sprovedene su jednostrane i uporedne morfolo&scaron;ke analize sa detaljnomobradom podataka metodama bazične, univarijantne i multivarijantne statistike. Do sada najvećim istraživanjem taksona roda<em> Anacamptis</em>, po broju obrađenih jedinki i području na kom je sprovedeno, bila je obuhvaćena 2001 jedinka iz 185&nbsp; populacija. Analizirane su prirodne populacije, ali i materijal iz Herbarijuma BUNS. Ukupno je definisano 69 morfolo&scaron;kih karaktera, kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih, a među njima su traženi oni koji imaju potencijalno diferencijalni karakter između opisanih vrsta i infraspecijskih taksona. Analize su obuhvatile i interpopulacionu morfolo&scaron;ku varijabilnost u okviru svakog taksona, a u cilju uočavanja postojanja određenih geografskih obrazaca njenih promena. Morfolo&scaron;ki karakteri koji su se u sprovedenim analizama pokazali kao taksonomski informativni, iskori&scaron;ćeni su za formiranje dihotomog ključa za determinaciju taksona roda <em>Anacamptis</em> prisutnih na istraživanom području. Analizama je utvrđen veliki broj karaktera koji su statistički značajno različiti između analiziranih populacija, podvrsta i vrsta. Većina karaktera je pokazala umerenu ili nisku varijabilnost, a u retkim slučajevima i povećanu. Karakteri cveta međusobno su statistički značajno korelisani,većina slabo do umereno, dok su oni na listićima kacige, kao i između labeluma i drugih delova cveta jako do izrazito jako povezani. Jedini takson koji nije pokazao nikakvu infraspecijsku diferencijaciju, a koji se odlikuje velikom unutari interpopulacionom varijabilno&scaron;ću je<em> A. pyramidalis</em>. Iz istog razloga je pokazano kao neosnovano izdvajanje jedinki iz različitih delova njegovog areala u do sada opisane infraspecijske oblike. Potvrđena je niska morfolo&scaron;ka varijabilnost uskorasprostranjene vrste <em>A. boryi.</em> Kod svih preostalih istraživanih taksona utvrđeno je postojanje određenih obrazaca geografske interpopulacione varijabilnosti i infraspecijske struktuiranosti.Populacije <em>A. laxiflora</em> subsp. <em>laxiflora </em>mogu se podeliti na jadranske i kontinentalne, pri čemu najzapadnije pokazuju i najmanje vrednosti analiziranih karaktera. <em>A. coriophora </em>subsp.<em> fragrans </em>se pokazala kao manje varijabilnom od tipske podvrste, ali je u okviru nje kao zaseban takson izdvojen var. <em>hermae </em>kao fenolo&scaron;ki, ekolo&scaron;ki i morfolo&scaron;ki odvojen u odnosu na ostaleispitivane populacije. Tipska podvrsta pokazuje obrazac variranja ukupne morfolo&scaron;ke varijabilnosti u pravcu zapad-istok. Kao karakteri koji su najznačajniji za diferencijaciju podvrsta vrste<em> A. palustris</em> izdvojeni su dužina i &scaron;irina brakteje, stepen diferenciranosti labeluma na režnjeve, kao i dubina sinusa koja ih razdvaja. Populacije<em> A. palustris</em> subsp. <em>elegans</em> moguće je podeliti na tri geografski i morfolo&scaron;ki definisane grupe &ndash; istočnobalkansku, zapadnobalkansku i periferne populacije sa severa Srbije i iz Slovenije. Kao diferencijalni karakteri između taksona sekcije <em>Laxiflorae</em> pokazali su se odnos između dužine plodnika i brakteje, kao i dužina srednjeg režnja labeluma. Vrsta<em> A. morio </em>je po prvi put jasno morfolo&scaron;ki i arealno podeljena na dve podvrste na istraživanom području. Podvrste pokazuju velika preklapanja vrednosti morfolo&scaron;kih karaktera, ali se obe odlikuju specifičnim karakteristikama cveta, pre svega labeluma na osnovu kojih ih je moguće razlikovati. Definisani su areali podvrsta<em> A.morio </em>na istraživanom području &ndash; tipska podvrsta je prevashodno severnija i zapadnija, dok je subsp.<em> caucasica </em>južnija i istočnija. Prvu odlikuju krupniji cvetovi, bubrežastih labeluma sa srednjim režnjem koji ne prevazilazi značajno dužinu bočnih, dok je druga sa sitnijim cvetovima i snažno isturenim srednjim režnjem. Obe podvrste mogu se podeliti na grupe populacija sa jasno definisanim geografskim raspostranjenjem. Vrsta <em>A. papilionacea </em>je po prvi put morfolo&scaron;ki istaživana na većem broju primeraka, a ne prostim poređenjem pojedinačnih primeraka iz različitih delova areala. Pokazana je morfolo&scaron;ka diferenciranost na dve podvrste &ndash; tipsku i subsp. aegaea, koje se jasno morfolo&scaron;ki razlikuju i zauzimaju različite delove areala vrste. U okviru subsp. <em>papilionacea</em> registrovan je klinalni raspored morfolo&scaron;ke varijabilnosti u pravcu sever-jug. Registrovana su i tri hibrida, nova za područje pojedinih zemalja &ndash; A. <em>&times; gennarii</em> (Severna Makedonija),A. <em>&times; parvifolia</em> (Crna Gora) i A. &times; <em>timbali</em> (Srbija). Hibridi pokazuju generalnu morfolo&scaron;ku intermedijarnost u odnosu na roditelje, ali se odlikuju i novim stanjima karaktera, nezabeleženim kod roditeljskih taksona. Slični obrasci morfolo&scaron;ke varijabilnosti, kako na interpopulacionom nivou pojedinih vrsta, ali iizmeđu podvrsta svake istraživane vrste, pokazuju jasnu vezu između istraživanih taksona i jo&scaron; jednom opravdavaju njihovo zajedničko grupisanje u rod<em> Anacamptis.</em></p> / <p>Unlike the highly diversified and species-rich genera of European orchids, such as<em> Ophrys </em>or <em>Epipac</em>tis, the genus <em>Anacamptis </em>has remained quite neglected in orchidological research. Representatives of this genus, together with many others genera, were investigated mainly by molecular methods. Also, extensive studies have been done, but only on specific species. Morphological studies were very rare, and with a few exceptions, limited to geographically small areas and one or more morphologically similar species. Analysis of the morphological variability of so many taxa of the genus <em>Anacamptis</em>, in a is, in a geographically relatively large area such as the Balkan Peninsula, as geographically relatively large area such as the Balkan Peninsula, as well as the southern part of the Pannonian Plain, has not been conducted so far. Morphological analyses were<br />performed on almost all representatives of this genus,in the species and subspecies rank , occurring in the Balkan Peninsula mainland, as well as in the southern perimeter of the Pannonian Plain. Comparativemorphological analyses were conducted using the methods of basic, univariate and multivariate statistics.So far, the largest study of the genus&nbsp; nacamptis, by the number of processed individuals and the area in which it was conducted, included 2001 individuals from 185 populations. Natural populations and&nbsp; material from the BUNS Herbarium were analyzed. A total of 69 morphological characters, quantitative and&nbsp; qualitative, were defined, and those that have a potentially differential character among analyzed species and infraspecific taxa were selected. The analyzes also included interpopulation morphological variability within each taxon, to identify the existence of specific geographic patterns of its changes. The morphological characters that proved to be taxonomically informative, were used to form the dichotomous key for the determination of the genus Anacamptis members, presented in the study area. The analyzes identified a large number of characters that were statistically significantly different between the analyzed populations, subspecies, and species. Most of the characters showed moderate or low variability, and in rare cases increased variability. Flower&rsquo;s characters were statistically significantly correlated with each other, most of them weakly to moderately, while those of the sepals and petals, as well as between the&nbsp; labellum and other parts of the flower, were very strongly correlated. The only taxon that has not shown any infraspecific differentiation (except <em>A. boryi</em>), and which is characterized by high intra- and interpopulation variability, is A. pyramidalis. For the same reason, it has been shown as unjustified to separate individuals from different parts of species range into infraspecific forms. The low morphological variability of the narrowly distributed A. boryi was confirmed. In all other taxa studied, the existence of certain patterns of geographical interpopulation variability and infraspecific structuring was detected. <em>A. laxiflora</em> subsp. <em>laxiflora</em> populations can be divided into two groups &ndash; Adriatic and Continental, with the lowest characters values measured among the westernmost populations. <em>A. coriophora s</em>ubsp. <em>fragrans</em> proved to be less variable than the type subspecies, but within it, a new variety (var. hermae) as phenological, ecological and morphologically distinct from other studied populations was described. The typesubspecies has a transition of morphological variability in a west-east direction. The characters that are the most important for differentiation of A. palustris subspecies are the&nbsp; bract length and width, the degree of labellum differentiation into lobes, and the depth of the sinuses that separate them. Populations of A. palustris subsp. elegan<em>s </em>can be divided into three geographically and morphologically defined groups &ndash; Eastern Balkan, Western Balkan and peripheral populations from the North Serbia and Slovenia. Differential characters&nbsp; among the Laxiflorae section taxa are ration between the ovary length and bract length, as well as the labellum middle lobe length. For the first time, species <em>A. morio </em>is morphologically and geographically divided into two subspecies, in the&nbsp; study area. Analyzed subspecies have great overlapping values for many morphological characters, but both are characterized by specific flower&rsquo;s characteristics, above all labellum shape. On this basis, it is possible to distinguish them. Areals of <em>A</em>. <em>morio </em>subspecies were defined &ndash; the type subspecies is predominantly northern and western,while subsp. caucasica is southern and eastern. The first is characterized by larger flowers, renal shape labellum with a median lobe that does not exceed significantly the length of the lateral ones, while the second subspecies has smaller flowers and strongly projecting the median lobe. Both subspecies can be divided into groups of populations that have clearly defined geographical distribution. For the first time, A. papilionacea was morphologically investigated on a larger number of specimens, unlike previous&nbsp;&nbsp; researches in which individual specimens from different parts of the range were simply compared. Morphological differentiation into two subspecies was shown &ndash; type and subsp. aegaea. They are morphologically distinct and occupy different parts of the species range. Within the subsp. papilionacea a clinal distribution of morphological variability in the north-south direction was recorded. Three taxa of hybrid origin, new for the area of North Macedonia (A.<em> &times; gennari</em>i), Montenegro (A. <em>&times; parvifolia</em>) and Serbia (A. &times; t<em>imbali</em>) were registered. Hybrids exhibit a general morphological intermediacy between parents but are also distinguished by new character states that were not observed in<br />parental taxa. Similar patterns of morphological variability, both at the interpopulation level ofindividual species and between the subspecies of each species studied, show a clear relationship between the studied taxa and once again justify their grouping into the genus <em>Anacamptis.</em></p>

Šiame magistro darbe mes analizuojame nuotolinių studijų kurso bendrai ir mokymo medžiagos atskiromis kurso dalimis pertvarkymą. Reinžinerijos koncepcinis modelis yra įvairiai interpretuojamas ir yra taikomas programinės įrangos rengimo, ar vadybos moksluose. Tai yra daroma, kad sistemas būtų galima geriau panaudoti. Jos analizuojamos ir pertvarkomos tolimesniam naudojimui. Mes sujungiame minėtų sričių reižinerijos koncepto reikšmes ir naudojame tai kaip metodinį pagrindą nuotolinių studijų srityje. Mes analizuojame nuotolinių studijų kurso struktūrą. Tada pristatome kursus paruoštus ir naudojamus užsienio universitetuose, susijusius su ‘Programavimu grafinėje terpėje‘, trigubo pastovumo principu, Bloom taksonomija ir jos pritaikymu kompiuterijos mokslų studijavimui, informatikos mokymo programa 2001 (angl. computing curriculla 2001). Toliau, mes siūlome konceptualią nuotolinių studijų pertvarkos struktūrą iš dėstytojo perspektyvų ir pristatome atvejų analizę, kurioje pora temų yra pertvarkytos, atsižvelgiant į trigubo pastovumo principą ir reikalavimus kompiuterių mokslų studentams. / In this master thesis we analyse a problem of reengineering of a distance study system, in general, and the learning material of a separate course, in particular. Reengineering concept with its different interpretations is used in software engineering and management sciences. It deals with making systems better maintainable, examination and reconstitution of the system for further reimplementation. We combine the meaning of reengineering concept in both mentioned areas and employ it as methodological background in distance study area. We analyse the structure of the distance study course. Then we introduce the courses, prepared and delivered in foreign universities and related to ‘Programming in GUI’ course, triple consistency principle, Bloom taxonomy and its applicability to computer science studies, Computing Curricula 2001. Further, we propose a conceptual distance study course reengineering framework from the lecturer’s perspective and present a case study, in which two topics were reengineered, considering triple consistency principle and requirements for computer science students.

<p>Komparativnom&nbsp; analizom&nbsp; morfo-anatomskih&nbsp; i mikromorfolo&scaron;kih&nbsp; karakteristika&nbsp; lista,&nbsp; stabla,&nbsp; rizoma,&nbsp; korena, ploda&nbsp; i&nbsp; receptakuluma,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; biohemijskom&nbsp; analizom&nbsp; etarskih ulja&nbsp; podzemnih&nbsp; organa,&nbsp; obuhvaćeno&nbsp; je&nbsp; ukupno&nbsp; 16&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; iz&nbsp; 4<br />roda,&nbsp; Inula&nbsp; (I. aschersoniana,&nbsp; I. bifrons,&nbsp; I. britannica,&nbsp;<em> I. conyza, I.&nbsp; ensifolia,&nbsp; I.&nbsp; germanica,&nbsp; I.&nbsp; helenium,&nbsp; I.&nbsp; oculus-christi,&nbsp; I. saslicina&nbsp; ssp.&nbsp; salicina,&nbsp; I.&nbsp; salicina&nbsp; ssp.&nbsp; aspera,&nbsp; I.&nbsp; spiraeifolia), Dittrichia&nbsp; (D.&nbsp; graveolens,&nbsp; D.&nbsp; viscosa),&nbsp; Limbarda&nbsp; (L.<br />crithmoides)&nbsp; i&nbsp; Pulicaria&nbsp; (P. dysenterica,&nbsp; P. vulgaris) iz</em> tribusa Inuleae,&nbsp; familije&nbsp; Compositae.&nbsp; Vrste&nbsp; iz&nbsp; različitih&nbsp; rodova analizirane&nbsp; u&nbsp; ovoj&nbsp; disertaciji&nbsp; ranijom&nbsp; klasifikacijom&nbsp; svrstavane su u okviru različitih sekcija roda&nbsp; Inula, a takođe i tipska vrsta ovog roda,<em> I. helenium L</em>., svrstavana je u okviru zasebne sekcije<em> Corvisartia.</em>&nbsp; Na&nbsp; osnovu&nbsp; najnovijih&nbsp; molekularnih&nbsp; filogenetskih analiza, baziranih na sekvencama plastidne i jedarne DNK, kao i na osnovu morfolo&scaron;kih i kariolo&scaron;kih podataka, predloženo je da sekcija&nbsp; <em>Corvisartia&nbsp;</em> bude&nbsp; izdvojena&nbsp; u&nbsp; zaseban&nbsp; rod.&nbsp; Ciljevi&nbsp; ove<br />disertacije definisani su u skladu sa činjenicom da su podaci o morfo-anatomskoj,&nbsp; mikromorfolo&scaron;koj&nbsp; i&nbsp; biohemijskoj&nbsp; građi vegetativnih&nbsp; i&nbsp; reproduktivnih&nbsp; organa&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; ovog&nbsp; tribusa malobrojni&nbsp; i&nbsp; nepotpuni,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; su&nbsp; analize&nbsp; vr&scaron;ene&nbsp; parcijalno&nbsp; i<br />nezavisno&nbsp; kod&nbsp; pojedinih&nbsp; predstavnika,&nbsp; sa&nbsp; slabim&nbsp; akcentom&nbsp; na njihovu&nbsp; komparativnu&nbsp; analizu.&nbsp; Istraživanje&nbsp; je&nbsp; obuhvatilo&nbsp; veliki broj kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih karaktera koji su analizirani i mereni&nbsp; pomoću&nbsp; stereomikroskopa,&nbsp; svetlosnog,&nbsp; fluorescentnog&nbsp; i skening elektronskog mikroskopa. Dobijeni podaci statistički su obrađeni&nbsp; različitim&nbsp; metodama&nbsp; numeričke&nbsp; analize&nbsp; koje&nbsp; se&nbsp; inače<br />koriste pri taksonomskim istraživanjima.&nbsp; Ovakav tip analize za vrste&nbsp; rodova&nbsp;<em> Inula,</em>&nbsp; <em>Dittrichia,&nbsp; Limbarda&nbsp; i&nbsp; Pulicaria</em>&nbsp; nije&nbsp; zabeležen u dosada&scaron;njoj literaturi.<br />Sprovedena&nbsp; analiza&nbsp; pokazala&nbsp; je&nbsp; da&nbsp; ni&nbsp; jedan&nbsp; vegetativni&nbsp; biljni organ&nbsp; pojedinačno&nbsp; ne&nbsp; pruža&nbsp; dovoljno&nbsp; informacija&nbsp; na&nbsp; osnovukojih bi se sa statističkom sigurno&scaron;ću mogle izdvojiti određene grupe&nbsp; vrsta,&nbsp; niti&nbsp; rodovi&nbsp; prema&nbsp; postojećoj&nbsp; podeli.&nbsp; U&nbsp; okviru analiziranih anatomskih i mikromorfolo&scaron;kih karakteristika ploda i&nbsp; receptakuluma,&nbsp; organizacija&nbsp; sklerenhimskog&nbsp; tkiva&nbsp; u&nbsp; zrelom plodu i karakteristike receptakuluma predstavljaju karaktere koji su dijagnostički za rodove. Karakteri koji razdvajaju analizirane taksone&nbsp; jesu:&nbsp; karakteristike&nbsp; papusa&nbsp; kod&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; roda&nbsp;<em> Pulicaria; </em>prstenasato&nbsp; suženje&nbsp; između&nbsp; baze&nbsp; papusa&nbsp; i&nbsp; cipsele,&nbsp; organizacija<br />sklerenhimskog&nbsp; tkiva&nbsp; ploda&nbsp; i&nbsp; tip&nbsp; trihoma&nbsp; na&nbsp; povr&scaron;ini receptakuluma&nbsp; kod&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; roda<em>&nbsp; Dittrichia</em>;&nbsp; sekretorni&nbsp; kanali&nbsp; u perikarpu&nbsp; ploda,&nbsp; odsustvo&nbsp; trihoma&nbsp; i&nbsp; slabo&nbsp; izražena&nbsp; rebra&nbsp; na povr&scaron;ini&nbsp; receptakuluma&nbsp; kod&nbsp; vrste<em>&nbsp; L.&nbsp; crithmoides</em>.&nbsp; Plod&nbsp; vrste&nbsp;<em> I.</em><br /><em>helenium</em>&nbsp; razlikuje&nbsp; se&nbsp; od&nbsp; plodova&nbsp; svih&nbsp; preostalih&nbsp; analiziranih vrsta na osnovu njegovih dimenzija, većeg broja sklerenhimskih vrpci koje nisu istaknute u rebra, kao i na osnovu slabo izraženih rebara&nbsp; na&nbsp; receptakulumu,&nbsp; između&nbsp; karpopodijalnih&nbsp; otisaka,&nbsp; na kojima&nbsp; se&nbsp; nalaze&nbsp; žlezdane&nbsp; i&nbsp; nežlezdane&nbsp; trihome.&nbsp; Rezultati&nbsp; su<br />ukazali na&nbsp; to da se&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; I. helenium&nbsp; izdvaja kao zaseban takson na osnovu anatomskih i mikromorfolo&scaron;kih karakteristika ploda i receptakuluma&nbsp; sa&nbsp; jednako&nbsp; malim&nbsp; stepenom&nbsp; statističke&nbsp; podr&scaron;ke koji&nbsp; takođe&nbsp; podržava&nbsp; izdvajanje&nbsp; rodova&nbsp; <em>Dittrichia,&nbsp; Limbarda&nbsp; i Pulicaria</em>&nbsp; u&nbsp; zasebne&nbsp; rodove.&nbsp; Stoga,&nbsp; na&scaron;i&nbsp; rezultati&nbsp; podržavaju tvrdnju&nbsp; da&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; I.&nbsp; helenium&nbsp; treba&nbsp; biti&nbsp; izdvojena&nbsp; od&nbsp; preostalih<br />vrsta&nbsp; roda&nbsp; Inula&nbsp; u&nbsp; zaseban&nbsp; rod,&nbsp; pri&nbsp; čemu&nbsp; je&nbsp; njena&nbsp; autentičnost evidentna na nivou&nbsp; anatomije i mikromorfologije&nbsp; vegetativnih i reproduktivnih organa.<br />Rezultati&nbsp; hemijske&nbsp; analize&nbsp; etarskog&nbsp; ulja&nbsp; pružili&nbsp; su&nbsp; do&nbsp; sada nepoznate&nbsp; podatke&nbsp; o&nbsp; kvalitativnom&nbsp; i&nbsp; kvantitativnom&nbsp; sastavu etarskog ulja podzemnih organa analiziranih taksona i ukazali na mogućnost njihove primene u taksonomiji ispitivanog tribusa&nbsp; na nivou&nbsp; identifikacije&nbsp; pojedinačnih&nbsp; taksona.&nbsp; Takođe,&nbsp; dobijeni<br />rezultati&nbsp; ukazali&nbsp; su&nbsp; na&nbsp; nove&nbsp; potencijalno&nbsp; lekovite&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; koje predstavljaju&nbsp; potencijalni&nbsp; resurs&nbsp; za&nbsp; farmaceutsku&nbsp; industriju. Rezultati&nbsp; analize&nbsp; osnovnih&nbsp; komponenti&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; rezultati korespodentne&nbsp; analize&nbsp; ukazali&nbsp; su&nbsp; na&nbsp; odsustvo&nbsp; tendencije grupisanja&nbsp; taksona&nbsp; koji&nbsp; pripadaju&nbsp; istom&nbsp; rodu&nbsp; prema&nbsp; trenutno<br />važećoj&nbsp; klasifikaciji.&nbsp; Zbog&nbsp; velike&nbsp; varijabilnosti&nbsp; uslovljene faktorima&nbsp; spolja&scaron;nje&nbsp; sredine&nbsp; sastav&nbsp; etarskih&nbsp; ulja&nbsp; ne&nbsp; može&nbsp; se koristiti&nbsp; samostalno&nbsp; kao&nbsp; pouzdan&nbsp; hemotaksonomski&nbsp; marker. Ipak,&nbsp; rezultati&nbsp; o&nbsp; sastavu&nbsp; etarskih&nbsp; ulja&nbsp; značajni&nbsp; su&nbsp; u&nbsp; smislu njihove&nbsp; primene&nbsp; u&nbsp; medicinske&nbsp; i&nbsp; kozmetičke&nbsp; svrhe,&nbsp; u&nbsp; industriji<br />gde se etarska ulja koriste kao sirovina, te su dobijeni rezultati značajni&nbsp; i&nbsp; u&nbsp; kontekstu&nbsp; evaluacije&nbsp; kvaliteta&nbsp; etarskih&nbsp; ulja ispitivanih vrsta.<br />Sprovedeno&nbsp; istraživanje&nbsp; daje&nbsp; značajan&nbsp; doprinos&nbsp; u&nbsp; pogledu tačnije&nbsp; klasifikacije&nbsp; unutar&nbsp; tribusa&nbsp; koja&nbsp; se&nbsp; danas&nbsp; bazira uglavnom&nbsp; na&nbsp; morfolo&scaron;kim&nbsp; karakteristikama.&nbsp; Detaljno&nbsp; opisani morfo-anatomski&nbsp; i&nbsp; mikromorfolo&scaron;ki&nbsp; karakteri&nbsp; analiziranih<br />vegetativnih&nbsp; i&nbsp; reproduktivnih&nbsp; organa&nbsp; doprinose&nbsp; boljem poznavanju&nbsp; karakteristika&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; analiziranih&nbsp; rodova&nbsp; i predstavljaju&nbsp; dopunu&nbsp; postojećim&nbsp; podacima&nbsp; o&nbsp; analiziranimtaksonima.&nbsp; Takođe,&nbsp; na&nbsp; bazi&nbsp; morfo-anatomskih&nbsp; karakteristika ploda i receptakuluma izrađen je dihotomi ključ za determinaciju analiziranih rodova i vrsta. Kori&scaron;ćenjem metoda diskriminantne i korespodentne analize izdvojeni su i karakteri na osnovu kojih je moguće&nbsp; izvr&scaron;iti&nbsp; diskriminaciju&nbsp; određenih&nbsp; grupa&nbsp; u&nbsp; okviru<br />analiziranih taksona.</p> / <p>A&nbsp; comparative&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; of&nbsp; morpho-anatomical&nbsp; and micromorphological characteristics of leaf, stem, rhizome, root, fruit and receptacle, as well as biochemical analysis of essential oils of underground organs, was conducted over 16 species of 4 genera,&nbsp;<em> Inula&nbsp; (I.&nbsp; aschersoniana,&nbsp; I.&nbsp; bifrons,&nbsp; I.&nbsp; britannica,&nbsp; I.conyza, I. ensifolia, I. germanica, I. helenium, I. oculus-christi, I. saslicina ssp. salicina, I. salicina ssp. aspera, I. spiraeifolia), Dittrichia&nbsp; (D.&nbsp; graveolens,&nbsp; D.&nbsp; viscosa),&nbsp; Limbarda&nbsp; (L. crithmoides)&nbsp; and&nbsp; Pulicaria&nbsp; (P.&nbsp; dysenterica,&nbsp; P.&nbsp; vulgaris)</em>&nbsp; tribe Inuleae,&nbsp; Compositae.&nbsp; In&nbsp; addition&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; fact&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; species from&nbsp; different&nbsp; genera&nbsp; analysed&nbsp; in&nbsp; this&nbsp; paper&nbsp; were&nbsp; previously placed&nbsp; in different sections within&nbsp; <em>Inula,&nbsp; I. helenium&nbsp; L</em>., as the type&nbsp; species&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; genus&nbsp;<em> Inula,</em>&nbsp; has&nbsp; also&nbsp; been&nbsp; placed&nbsp; in&nbsp; a separate section&nbsp; Corvisartia.&nbsp; According to the latest molecular phylogenetic&nbsp; analyses,&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; plastid&nbsp; and&nbsp; nuclear&nbsp; DNA sequence data, as well as morphological and karyological data, it&nbsp; is&nbsp; suggested&nbsp; that&nbsp; section&nbsp; Corvisartia&nbsp; should&nbsp; be&nbsp; segregated from&nbsp; the&nbsp; remaining&nbsp; Inula&nbsp; species&nbsp; as&nbsp; a&nbsp; separate&nbsp; genus,&nbsp; thus achieving&nbsp; a&nbsp; greater&nbsp; morphological&nbsp; homogeneity&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; genus <em>Inula.&nbsp;</em> The objectives of dissertation are defined in accordance with&nbsp; the&nbsp; fact&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; data&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; morpho-anatomical, micromorphological and biochemical structure of the vegetative and reproductive organs of species of examined tribe are sparse and&nbsp; incomplete,&nbsp; while&nbsp; the&nbsp; analyses&nbsp; were&nbsp; carried&nbsp; out&nbsp; on&nbsp; few species&nbsp; of&nbsp; <em>Inula,&nbsp; Pulicaria,&nbsp; Dittrichia</em>&nbsp; and<em>&nbsp; Limbarda</em>,&nbsp; but&nbsp; less emphasis&nbsp; was&nbsp; placed&nbsp; on&nbsp; comparative&nbsp; purpose.&nbsp; The&nbsp; research involved&nbsp; a&nbsp; large&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; qualitative&nbsp; and&nbsp; quantitative characters&nbsp; that&nbsp; were&nbsp; analysed&nbsp; and&nbsp; measured&nbsp; using&nbsp; a stereomicroscope,&nbsp; light,&nbsp; fluorescent&nbsp; and&nbsp; scanning&nbsp; electron microscope.&nbsp; The&nbsp; obtained&nbsp; data&nbsp; were&nbsp; statistically&nbsp; processed&nbsp; by various numerical analysis methods&nbsp; usually&nbsp; used in taxonomic research. These types&nbsp; of analyses for the species of the generaInula<em>,&nbsp; Dittrichia,&nbsp; Limbard&nbsp;</em> and&nbsp;<em> Pulicaria&nbsp;</em> have&nbsp; not&nbsp; been recorded in the literature so far. The&nbsp; conducted&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; showed&nbsp; that&nbsp; vegetative&nbsp; organs&nbsp; do&nbsp; not provide&nbsp; enough&nbsp; information&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; basis&nbsp; of&nbsp; which&nbsp; certain groups&nbsp; of&nbsp; species&nbsp; could&nbsp; be&nbsp; singled&nbsp; out&nbsp; with&nbsp; statistically significant&nbsp; suport,&nbsp; neither&nbsp; the&nbsp; genera&nbsp; according&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; actual classification.&nbsp; The&nbsp; yielded&nbsp; results&nbsp; indicated&nbsp; that&nbsp; the&nbsp; species from&nbsp; different&nbsp; genera&nbsp; were&nbsp; clearly&nbsp; delimited&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; basis&nbsp; of their&nbsp; carpological&nbsp; and&nbsp; receptacular&nbsp; micromorphological&nbsp; and anatomical characteristics. Receptacle features and organisation of&nbsp; sclerenchyma&nbsp; tissue&nbsp; in&nbsp; a&nbsp; fruit&nbsp; are&nbsp; traits&nbsp; that&nbsp; tend&nbsp; to&nbsp; be diagnostic for genera. The features that separate analysed taxa&nbsp; are:&nbsp; two&nbsp; rows&nbsp; of&nbsp; pappus&nbsp; hairs&nbsp; in&nbsp;<em> Pulicaria&nbsp; </em>species;&nbsp; the&nbsp; ring constriction&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; fruit&nbsp; over&nbsp; which&nbsp; it&nbsp; passes&nbsp; into&nbsp; pappus,&nbsp; the sclerenchymatous tissue in fruit in form&nbsp; of continuous ring, the type&nbsp; of&nbsp; trichomes&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; receptacular&nbsp; surface&nbsp; in&nbsp;<em> Dittrichia </em>species;&nbsp; the&nbsp; fruit&nbsp; with&nbsp; secretory&nbsp; ducts,&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; receptacular surface&nbsp; with&nbsp; weakly&nbsp; pronounced&nbsp; ridges&nbsp; without&nbsp; glands&nbsp; in&nbsp; L. crithmoides.&nbsp; I. helenium&nbsp; fruits differ from those of all the other species&nbsp; by&nbsp; their&nbsp; size,&nbsp; greater&nbsp; number&nbsp; of&nbsp; inconspicuous sclerenchymatic&nbsp; bundles,&nbsp; and&nbsp; poorly&nbsp; expressed&nbsp; ridges&nbsp; among carpopodial prints&nbsp; with glandular and non-glandular trichomes distributed along them. Results revealed that I. helenium&nbsp; stands out&nbsp; as&nbsp; a&nbsp; separate&nbsp; taxon,&nbsp; based&nbsp;&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; anatomical&nbsp; and micromorphological&nbsp; characteristics&nbsp; of&nbsp; its&nbsp; fruit&nbsp; and&nbsp; receptacle, with equally small percentage of statistical support, which also supports the recognition of<em> Pulicaria,&nbsp;</em> <em>Dittrichia</em> and<em> Limabarda</em> as&nbsp; separate&nbsp; genera.&nbsp; Obtained&nbsp;&nbsp; results&nbsp; support&nbsp; the&nbsp; claim&nbsp; that&nbsp; I. helenium should be separated from the Inula genus, whereby its authenticity&nbsp; is&nbsp; evident&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; level&nbsp; of&nbsp; anatomy&nbsp; and&nbsp; micromorphology of vegetative and reproductive organs. The chemical analysis of the essential oil has provided new&nbsp; data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil of the&nbsp; underground organs of the analysed taxa&nbsp; and pointed out&nbsp; the&nbsp; possibility&nbsp; of&nbsp; their&nbsp; application&nbsp; in&nbsp; taxonomy.&nbsp; Also,&nbsp; the obtained results indicated potentially&nbsp; new medicinal plants that represent&nbsp; a&nbsp; potential&nbsp; resource for the&nbsp; pharmaceutical&nbsp; industry. Principal&nbsp; component&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; results&nbsp; of&nbsp; the Correspondent&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; indicated&nbsp; the&nbsp; absence&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; grouping tendency of taxa belonging to the same genus,&nbsp; according to the actual classification. Due to the high variability conditioned by the&nbsp; environmental&nbsp; factors&nbsp; the&nbsp; composition&nbsp; of&nbsp; essential&nbsp; oils cannot&nbsp; be&nbsp; used&nbsp; independently&nbsp; as&nbsp; a&nbsp; reliable&nbsp; chemotaxonomic&nbsp; marker.&nbsp; However,&nbsp; the&nbsp; results&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; composition&nbsp; of&nbsp; essential oils are significant in terms of their application for medical and cosmetic&nbsp; purposes, in the industry&nbsp; where&nbsp; oils&nbsp; are&nbsp; used&nbsp; as raw materials,&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; results&nbsp; obtained&nbsp; are&nbsp; also&nbsp; significant&nbsp; in&nbsp; the context&nbsp; of&nbsp; evaluation&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; quality&nbsp; of&nbsp; investigated&nbsp; essential oils.The&nbsp; conducted&nbsp; research&nbsp; makes&nbsp; a&nbsp; significant&nbsp; contribution&nbsp; to more precise classification within the&nbsp; tribe, which is now basedmainly&nbsp; on&nbsp; morphological&nbsp; characteristics.&nbsp; The&nbsp; detailed description&nbsp; of&nbsp; morpho-anatomical&nbsp; and&nbsp;&nbsp; micromorphological characters&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; analysed&nbsp; vegetative&nbsp; and&nbsp; reproductive&nbsp; organs contributes&nbsp; to&nbsp; better&nbsp; knowledge&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; characteristics&nbsp; of&nbsp; the analysed&nbsp; species&nbsp; and&nbsp; complements&nbsp; the&nbsp; existing&nbsp; data&nbsp; on&nbsp; them. Also, on the basis of morpho-anatomical characteristics of the fruit and the receptacle a dichotomous key&nbsp; for the determination of the analysed genera and species&nbsp; was developed. According to&nbsp; the&nbsp; Discriminant&nbsp; and&nbsp; Correspodent&nbsp; analysis&nbsp; the characteristics&nbsp; on&nbsp; which&nbsp; is&nbsp; possible&nbsp; to&nbsp; discriminate&nbsp; certain groups within the analysed genera are also distinguished.</p>

<p>Докторска дисертација представља таксономску студију тестатних амеба Источне&nbsp; Херцеговине&nbsp; базирану&nbsp; искључиво&nbsp; на&nbsp; резултатима&nbsp; сопствених истраживања с обзиром да на овом подручју тестатне амебе до сада нису проучаване,&nbsp; те&nbsp; не&nbsp; постоје&nbsp; историјске&nbsp; музејске&nbsp; колекције.&nbsp; На&nbsp; подручју Источне Херцеговине регистровано је 40 врста тестатних амеба које су сврстане у 10 фамилија и један род без јасног места у класификационом систему.&nbsp; Сви&nbsp; регистровани&nbsp; таксони&nbsp; тестатних&nbsp; амеба&nbsp; су&nbsp; нови&nbsp; за&nbsp; фауну Босне и Херцеговине. Укупно је анализирано 24.549 јединки, од чега су 23.242&nbsp; јединке&nbsp; припадале&nbsp; групи&nbsp; тестатних&nbsp; амеба&nbsp; са&nbsp; лобоподијама (супергрупа&nbsp; Amoebozoa),&nbsp; а&nbsp; 1307&nbsp; јединки&nbsp; је&nbsp; припадало&nbsp; групи&nbsp; тестатних амеба са филоподијама (супергрупа Cercozoa). Најзначајнији резултат ове дисертације&nbsp; је&nbsp; опис&nbsp; пет&nbsp; нових&nbsp; врста&nbsp; за&nbsp; науку&nbsp; које&nbsp; припадају&nbsp; родовима<br />Centropyxis, Heleopera и Nebela. Морфотип означен као C.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; aerophila&nbsp; се од врсте&nbsp; C. aerophila&nbsp; разликује по томе што се на крају љуштурице не налази пар крупних честица кварца,а и љуштурица је нешто дужа (46‒81 &mu;m код врсте C. aerophila према 67‒ 88 &mu;m код врсте C. cf. aerophila). Морфотип означен као C. cf. platystoma значајно се пре свега морфолошки разликује од врсте&nbsp; C. platystoma, те је закључено да се ради о неописаној врсти.У оквиру рода Heleopera описан је нови морфотип сличан врсти H. rosea који&nbsp; представља&nbsp; нову&nbsp; врсту&nbsp; за&nbsp; науку.&nbsp; Морфометријске&nbsp; разлике&nbsp; су релативне, тј. нису строго дискриминаторне, те се морају комбиновати са морфолошким&nbsp; разликама&nbsp; које&nbsp; су&nbsp; такође&nbsp; тешко&nbsp; yочљиве.&nbsp; Наиме,&nbsp; поред разлике&nbsp; у&nbsp; боји&nbsp; љуштурице,&nbsp; најбољи&nbsp; дискриминаторни&nbsp; морфолошки карактер&nbsp; је&nbsp; општи&nbsp; облик&nbsp; љуштурице.&nbsp; Љуштурице&nbsp; врсте&nbsp; H.&nbsp; rosea&nbsp; су робусног&nbsp; облика,&nbsp; док&nbsp; су&nbsp; љуштурице&nbsp; врсте&nbsp; Heleopera&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; rosea&nbsp; знатно елегантније&nbsp; ‒&nbsp; уже&nbsp; су&nbsp; и&nbsp; имају&nbsp; облије&nbsp; ивице.&nbsp; Највеће&nbsp; морфометријске разлике&nbsp; у&nbsp; индексним&nbsp; карактерима&nbsp; су&nbsp; забележене&nbsp; за&nbsp; однос&nbsp; ширине&nbsp; и дужине љуштурице и однос ширине апертуре и ширине љуштурице.Морфотип&nbsp; Nebela&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; се од&nbsp; врсте&nbsp; N. collaris&nbsp; јасно разликује&nbsp; пре свега&nbsp; морфолошки&nbsp; и&nbsp; еколошки,&nbsp; а&nbsp; морфометријски&nbsp; веома&nbsp; мало.&nbsp; Наиме, најважнија морфолошка одлика која морфотип&nbsp; N.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; раздваја од врсте&nbsp; N.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; су&nbsp; таласасте&nbsp; ивице&nbsp; љуштурице,&nbsp; а&nbsp; еколошка&nbsp; разлика&nbsp; се јавља&nbsp; у&nbsp; смислу&nbsp; да&nbsp; врста&nbsp; N.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; насељава&nbsp; зелене&nbsp; маховине&nbsp; док морфотип N. cf. collaris&nbsp; насељава сфагнумске маховине. Морфотип N. cf. tincta&nbsp; var. major&nbsp; се од морфотипа N.&nbsp; cf. collaris&nbsp; разликује пре свега по јасно израженом сужењу у делу близу апертуре, тј. израженом врату. Такође, морфотип N. cf. tincta var. major никада нема таласасте ивице љуштурице,док&nbsp; се&nbsp; код&nbsp; јединки&nbsp; морфотипа&nbsp; N.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; ова&nbsp; карактеристика&nbsp; често јасно уочава.</p> / <p>Doktorska disertacija predstavlja taksonomsku studiju testatnih ameba Istočne&nbsp; Hercegovine&nbsp; baziranu&nbsp; isključivo&nbsp; na&nbsp; rezultatima&nbsp; sopstvenih istraživanja s obzirom da na ovom području testatne amebe do sada nisu proučavane,&nbsp; te&nbsp; ne&nbsp; postoje&nbsp; istorijske&nbsp; muzejske&nbsp; kolekcije.&nbsp; Na&nbsp; području Istočne Hercegovine registrovano je 40 vrsta testatnih ameba koje su svrstane u 10 familija i jedan rod bez jasnog mesta u klasifikacionom sistemu.&nbsp; Svi&nbsp; registrovani&nbsp; taksoni&nbsp; testatnih&nbsp; ameba&nbsp; su&nbsp; novi&nbsp; za&nbsp; faunu Bosne i Hercegovine. Ukupno je analizirano 24.549 jedinki, od čega su 23.242&nbsp; jedinke&nbsp; pripadale&nbsp; grupi&nbsp; testatnih&nbsp; ameba&nbsp; sa&nbsp; lobopodijama (supergrupa&nbsp; Amoebozoa),&nbsp; a&nbsp; 1307&nbsp; jedinki&nbsp; je&nbsp; pripadalo&nbsp; grupi&nbsp; testatnih ameba sa filopodijama (supergrupa Cercozoa). Najznačajniji rezultat ove disertacije&nbsp; je&nbsp; opis&nbsp; pet&nbsp; novih&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; za&nbsp; nauku&nbsp; koje&nbsp; pripadaju&nbsp; rodovima<br />Centropyxis, Heleopera i Nebela. Morfotip označen kao C.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; aerophila&nbsp; se od vrste&nbsp; C. aerophila&nbsp; razlikuje po tome što se na kraju ljušturice ne nalazi par krupnih čestica kvarca,a i ljušturica je nešto duža (46‒81 &mu;m kod vrste C. aerophila prema 67‒ 88 &mu;m kod vrste C. cf. aerophila). Morfotip označen kao C. cf. platystoma značajno se pre svega morfološki razlikuje od vrste&nbsp; C. platystoma, te je zaključeno da se radi o neopisanoj vrsti.U okviru roda Heleopera opisan je novi morfotip sličan vrsti H. rosea koji&nbsp; predstavlja&nbsp; novu&nbsp; vrstu&nbsp; za&nbsp; nauku.&nbsp; Morfometrijske&nbsp; razlike&nbsp; su relativne, tj. nisu strogo diskriminatorne, te se moraju kombinovati sa morfološkim&nbsp; razlikama&nbsp; koje&nbsp; su&nbsp; takođe&nbsp; teško&nbsp; yočljive.&nbsp; Naime,&nbsp; pored razlike&nbsp; u&nbsp; boji&nbsp; ljušturice,&nbsp; najbolji&nbsp; diskriminatorni&nbsp; morfološki karakter&nbsp; je&nbsp; opšti&nbsp; oblik&nbsp; ljušturice.&nbsp; LJušturice&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; H.&nbsp; rosea&nbsp; su robusnog&nbsp; oblika,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; su&nbsp; ljušturice&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; Heleopera&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; rosea&nbsp; znatno elegantnije&nbsp; ‒&nbsp; uže&nbsp; su&nbsp; i&nbsp; imaju&nbsp; oblije&nbsp; ivice.&nbsp; Najveće&nbsp; morfometrijske razlike&nbsp; u&nbsp; indeksnim&nbsp; karakterima&nbsp; su&nbsp; zabeležene&nbsp; za&nbsp; odnos&nbsp; širine&nbsp; i dužine ljušturice i odnos širine aperture i širine ljušturice.Morfotip&nbsp; Nebela&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; se od&nbsp; vrste&nbsp; N. collaris&nbsp; jasno razlikuje&nbsp; pre svega&nbsp; morfološki&nbsp; i&nbsp; ekološki,&nbsp; a&nbsp; morfometrijski&nbsp; veoma&nbsp; malo.&nbsp; Naime, najvažnija morfološka odlika koja morfotip&nbsp; N.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; razdvaja od vrste&nbsp; N.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; su&nbsp; talasaste&nbsp; ivice&nbsp; ljušturice,&nbsp; a&nbsp; ekološka&nbsp; razlika&nbsp; se javlja&nbsp; u&nbsp; smislu&nbsp; da&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; N.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; naseljava&nbsp; zelene&nbsp; mahovine&nbsp; dok morfotip N. cf. collaris&nbsp; naseljava sfagnumske mahovine. Morfotip N. cf. tincta&nbsp; var. major&nbsp; se od morfotipa N.&nbsp; cf. collaris&nbsp; razlikuje pre svega po jasno izraženom suženju u delu blizu aperture, tj. izraženom vratu. Takođe, morfotip N. cf. tincta var. major nikada nema talasaste ivice ljušturice,dok&nbsp; se&nbsp; kod&nbsp; jedinki&nbsp; morfotipa&nbsp; N.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; ova&nbsp; karakteristika&nbsp; često jasno uočava.</p> / <p>The&nbsp; PhD&nbsp; thesis&nbsp; is&nbsp; a&nbsp; taxonomic&nbsp; study&nbsp; of&nbsp; testate&nbsp; amoebae&nbsp; from&nbsp; East Herzegovina based exclusively on the results of our own research, given that testate amoebae have not been studied in this region so far, and there are no historical museum collections. In the region&nbsp; of East Herzegovina,40 testate amoeba species have been registered, which are classified into 10&nbsp; families&nbsp; and&nbsp; one&nbsp; genus&nbsp; without&nbsp; a&nbsp; clear&nbsp; place&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; classification system. All registered testate amoeba taxa are new to the fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina.&nbsp; A total of 24,549 individuals belonged to the group of testate&nbsp; amoebae&nbsp; with&nbsp; lobopodia&nbsp; (supergroup&nbsp; Amoebozoa),&nbsp; and&nbsp; 1307 individuals&nbsp; belonged&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; group&nbsp; of&nbsp; testate&nbsp; amoebae&nbsp; with&nbsp; filopodia (supergroup Cercozoa). The most significant results of this PhD thesis are the descriptions of five new species for science belonging to the genera Centropyxis, Heleopera, and Nebela. The morphotype&nbsp; Centropyxis&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; aerophila&nbsp; differs from&nbsp; C. aerophila&nbsp; in that&nbsp; there&nbsp; is&nbsp; no&nbsp; large&nbsp; quartz&nbsp; particles&nbsp; at&nbsp; the&nbsp; shell&nbsp; end,&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; shell&nbsp;&nbsp; is slightly&nbsp; longer&nbsp; (46‒81&nbsp; &mu;m&nbsp; in&nbsp; C.&nbsp; aerophila&nbsp; versus&nbsp; 67‒88&nbsp; &mu;m&nbsp; in&nbsp; C.&nbsp; cf. aerophila).&nbsp; The&nbsp; morphotype&nbsp; C.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; platystoma&nbsp; differs&nbsp; significantly morphologically&nbsp; from&nbsp; C.&nbsp; platystoma,&nbsp; so&nbsp; it&nbsp; was&nbsp; concluded&nbsp; that&nbsp; it&nbsp; is&nbsp; an undescribed species. Within the genus&nbsp; Heleopera&nbsp; a new &nbsp; morphotype similar to&nbsp; H. rosea&nbsp; has been&nbsp; described,&nbsp; representing&nbsp; a&nbsp; new&nbsp; species&nbsp; for&nbsp; science.&nbsp; Morphometric differences are relative, i.e. they are not strictly discriminatory, and must be combined with morphological differences that are difficult to detect. Namely, in addition to the difference in the color of the shell, the best discriminatory morphological character is the general shell shape. Shells of&nbsp; H. rosea&nbsp; are red and robust in shape, while shells of&nbsp; H.&nbsp; cf. rosea&nbsp; are volet and much more&nbsp; elegant ‒&nbsp; they are narrower and have rounded edges. The&nbsp; largest&nbsp; morphometric&nbsp; differences&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; index&nbsp; characters&nbsp; were observed for shell width/shell length ratio and aperture width/shell width ratio. The&nbsp; morphotype&nbsp; Nebela&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; clearly&nbsp; differs&nbsp; from&nbsp; N.&nbsp; collaris primarily&nbsp; morphologically&nbsp; and&nbsp; ecologically,&nbsp; but&nbsp; morphometrically&nbsp; very little.&nbsp; Namely,&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; important&nbsp; morphological&nbsp; character&nbsp; that&nbsp; N.&nbsp; cf. collaris separates from N. collaris are the wavy edges of the shell, and the&nbsp; ecological difference occurs in the sense that&nbsp; N. collaris&nbsp; inhabits green mosses while &nbsp; N. cf. collaris inhabits Sphagnum mosses. The morphotype N.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; tincta&nbsp; var.&nbsp; major&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; morphotype&nbsp; N.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; differs primarily by a clearly pronounced narrowing in the part near the aperture, i.e. pronounced neck. Also, the morphotype N. &nbsp; cf. tincta var. major never has a wavy edge of the shell, while in&nbsp; N.&nbsp; cf.&nbsp; collaris&nbsp; this feature is often clearly observed.</p>

<p>Iskustvo u radu sa studentima pokazalo je da studenti nedovoljno ĉesto ostvaruju zadovoljavajuće ishode uĉenja na lingvistiĉkim predmetima na studijama engleskog jezika, &scaron;to je takoĊe opisano i u stranoj literaturi. Kao jedan od razloga navodi se nastava koja upućuje studente na pasivnost, te oni pribegavaju memorisanju i reprodukciji materijala kao najĉe&scaron;ćim ishodima uĉenja. Biggs (1999) razraĊuje koncepte dubinskog i povr&scaron;inskog pristupa uĉenju, koje relevantna literatura smatra kljuĉnim faktorima za kvalitet ishoda uĉenja. Dubinski pristup uĉenju korelira sa kvalitetnim ishodima uĉenja i funkcionalnim znanjem, a karakteri&scaron;u ga motivacija, zadovoljstvo usled uĉenja, studentska aktivnost i to aktivnost visokih kognitivnih funkcija. Visoke kognitivne funkcije (Bloom i dr. 1956, Anderson i dr. 2001) i povezane kognitivne radnje (re&scaron;avanje problema, analitiĉko, kritiĉko i kreativno razmi&scaron;ljanje) jesu najvaţniji ciljevi visokog obrazovanja jer samo one, usled primene transfera uĉenja, govore o steĉenom i primenljivom, tj. funkcionalnom znanju. Obuka i razvoj visokih kognitivnih funkcija omogući će studentima da uĉenju pristupe dubinski &scaron;to je jo&scaron; jedan razlog da budu osnovni nastavni cilj svih predmeta na ustanovama tercijarnog obrazovanja. U skladu sa ovim teorijskim postavkama postavljene su osnovna i pomoćna hipoteza: upotreba posebno konstruisanih veţbi za aktivaciju vi&scaron;ih kognitivnih funkcija u nastavi lingvistiĉkih predmeta dove&scaron;će do sticanja funkcionalnog znanja na teorijskom i praktiĉnom nivou; steĉeno znanje kroz ovakvu eksperimentalnu nastavu i upotreba tog znanja odraţavaće kognitivne funkcije ne samo niţeg nego i vi&scaron;eg reda: primeniti, analizirati, proceniti, stvoriti, kao i kritiĉko i kreativno razmi&scaron;ljanje i re&scaron;avanje problema. Kako bi se proverile hipoteze, sproveden je eksperiment sa studentima prve godine engleskog jezika (N=34) na Fakultetu za pravne i poslovne studije dr Lazar Vrkatić u Novom Sadu. U istraţivanju sa paralelnim grupama, eksperimentalna grupa je imala veţbe sa aktivnostima koje razvijaju vi&scaron;e kognitivne funkcije na predmetu uvod u op&scaron;tu lingvistiku tokom zimskog semestra &scaron;kolske 2012/2013. godine. UporeĊeni su kvantitativni rezultati kolokvijuma eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe na kraju semestra, a potom je sproveden intervju sa po pet studenata iz svake grupe radi utvrĊivanja kvalitativnih razlika u kognitivnim procesima kod ove dve grupe. Obe grupe su ostvarile podjednak uspeh na kolokvijumu, te je osnovna hipoteza odbaĉena. Kodirani podaci iz intervjua pokazali su da obe grupe podjednako koriste kognitivne funkcije po broju i distribuciji, te je i pomoćna hipoteza odbaĉena. Kao obja&scaron;njenje za odsustvo većeg uspeha EG navedena su metodolo&scaron;ka ograniĉenja istraţivanja: duţina eksperimentalne nastave, problem dokazivosti transfera i problem kodiranja intervjua. Drugi faktori koji mogu objasniti neuspeh su: prethodno steĉene navike u uĉenju, neshvatanje svrhe izuĉavanja predmeta i dr. UporeĊeni su rezultati boljih i slabijih studenata, te je utvrĊeno da bolji studenti pokazuju veći stepen samostalnosti, da upotrebljavaju vi&scaron;e kognitivne funkcije kao i duţe nizove kognitivnih radnji. Posmatrajući kvalitativne podatke, bolji studenti eksperimentalne grupe pokazali su promenu gledanja na svet usled izuĉavanja lingvistike i izrazili su zadovoljstvo zbog uĉenja ovog predmeta. Oni pokazuju i upotrebu najduţih nizova vezanih kognitivnih radnji. Iz ovoga se moţe zakljuĉiti da su oni pristupili uĉenju dubinski i zbog toga ostvarili kvalitetnije ishode uĉenja. U cilju dono&scaron;enja ĉvrstih zakljuĉaka neophodno je sprovesti dugotrajniji i obuhvatniji multidiciplinarni istraţivaĉki projekat, s obzirom da bi pozitivni rezultati bili od velikog znaĉaja za pobolj&scaron;anje ishoda uĉenja na tercijarnom nivou obrazovanja. Ključne reči: uĉenje i nastava na tercijarnom nivou, taksonomija obrazovnih ciljeva, pristupi uĉenju, vi&scaron;e kognitivne funkcije, transfer uĉenja, funckionalno znanje.</p> / <p>The experience of working with university students has shown that the learning outcomes of linguistic courses are infrequently satisfactory, which is also described in literature worldwide. Teaching philosophy in which students are forced into passives roles is one of the causes since such teaching results in low motivation with memorizing and reproduction of learned materials as the most frequent outcomes of learning. Biggs (1999) develops the concepts of deep and superficial learning approaches which have been declared in the relevant literature as key factors for the quality of learning outcomes. Deep approach to learning correlates with high quality learning outcomes, and is characterized by high motivation, satisfaction with learning and student activity of appropriately high cognitive levels. Higher cognitive functions (Bloom et. al. 1956, Anderson at al. 2001) and related cognitive activities (problem solving, analytical, critical and creative thinking) are the most important goals of higher education since these thinking skills are transferable and therefore represent applicable and functional knowledge. The training and development of the higher cognitive skills enables students to use deep approaches to learning, which is an additional reason to consider them as fundamental teaching goals in all courses in tertiary education. Based on this theoretical framework the main hypothesis and sub-hypothesis were formulated as follows: the use of specially designed practices which activate higher cognitive functions (HCF) will result in acquiring functional knowledge at both theoretical and practical levels; the knowledge gained through such teaching will reflect the use of higher cognitive functions: apply, analyze, evaluate, create, as well as show problem solving skills and critical and creative thinking. To test the hypotheses an experiment was conducted with the first year English language students (N=34) at the Faculty of Legal and Business Studies dr Lazar Vrkatić in Novi Sad. In the parallel groups design, the experimental group (EG) was involved with activities which develop HCFs in the course of Introduction to General Linguistics during the winter semester of the 2012/2013. Quantitative data were collected at the end of the semester (the final test) and compared between the two groups to determine whether the EG scored better results than the control group (CG). This was followed by interviews with five respondents from each group to qualitatively compare the cognitive processes. No statistically significant difference between test results in the two groups was found and so the main hypothesis was rejected. The coded data from the interviews showed an equal number of identified CFs with both groups with similar distribution patterns, thus the sub-hypothesis was also rejected. The absence of better scores of the EG can be explained by some methodological limitations of the experiment, such as the length of the experimental activities, the problem of proof of transfer and the coding of the interview data. Other factors include the existing learning habits of students, the inability to grasp the purpose of studying linguistics, etc. The results of better students were compared to those of the weaker ones, which showed that better students are more autonomous, use a greater number of HCFs and string more CFs into a complex response. Qualitative data also showed that better students of the experimental group expressed a change in how they see the world around them and express satisfaction because of studying linguistics. They also string the longest chains of cognitive activities. These findings lead to a conclusion that better students of the EG used deep approaches to learning which resulted in higher quality learning outcomes. In order to achieve conclusive results, a comprehensive long-term multidisciplinary research project should be carried out, since its results would have a significant impact on the quality of learning outcomes in tertiary education.</p>