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Characterization of glycoproteins and oligosaccharides using mass spectrometryFentabil, Messele 11 1900 (has links)
This thesis describes the application of mass spectrometry (MS) to glycoprotein and oligosaccharide analysis. Glycosylated proteins are involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix recognition. Applications of trypsin and proteinase K to hydrolyze glycoproteins into glycopeptides that are compatible with MS and MS/MS analysis are investigated. For successful site-specific analysis of glycans, glycopeptides with short peptide (3-8 residues) are needed. Although trypsin is an important enzyme for protein identification, proteinase K is superior for site-specific glycan analysis due to its potential to hydrolyze every glycoprotein to short glycopeptides.
The gas-phase dissociation pathways, kinetics and energetics of protonated oligosaccharides are described. The oligosaccharides dissociate via cleavage at the glycosidic linkages during thermal activation. Using double resonance experiments, it was established that oligosaccharides undergo sequential and parallel fragmentation reactions. Furthermore, dissociation of product ions to secondary ions was confirmed. Arrhenius activation parameters, Ea and A for protonated alpha- and beta-linked D-glucopyranose oligosaccharides are reported.
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Simple and Rapid Quantitation of 21 Bile Acids in Rat Serum and Liver by UPLC-MS-MS: Effect of High Fat Diet on Glycine Conjugates of Rat Bile AcidsISHII, AKIRA, SENO, HIROSHI, HATTORI, HIDEKI, OGAWA, TADASHI, NAKAJIMA, TAMIE, KITAMORI, KAZUYA, NAITO, HISAO, NOMURA, MINA, KANEKO, RINA, SUZUKI, YUDAI 02 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Characterization of glycoproteins and oligosaccharides using mass spectrometryFentabil, Messele Unknown Date
No description available.
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Factors Affecting the Fragmentation of Peptide Ions: Metal Cationization and Fragmentation TimescaleKmiec, Kevin 2012 August 1900 (has links)
The factors affecting peptide fragmentation have been extensively studied in the literature in order to better predict the fragment ion spectra of peptides and proteins. While there are countless influences to consider, metal cation binding in the gas-phase is particularly interesting. Herein, a comparison of fragmentation patterns of a model peptide series with various charge carriers (H+, Li+, Na+, K+, and Cu+) will assist in determining the location of the preferred binding site of the metal cation and in assessing differences in the fragmentation pattern as a result of this binding site. An interesting observation from these studies reveals abundant x-type fragment ions occurring from the fragmentation of alkali-metal cationized peptides. As these fragment ions have been observed in previous studies by others but not addressed, the factors affecting the formation of these x-type fragment ions are explored.
Additionally, a home-built 193-nm photodissociation tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer is utilized to study how peptide fragmentation kinetics affect the fragmentation pattern observed. Initially, the fragmentation timescales of various peptides are investigated. Results indicate that longer fragmentation timescales (~10 microseconds) result in an increased number of identified peaks with internal and ammonia loss fragment ions being the most common in comparison to 'prompt' fragmentation timescales (~1 microsecond). Furthermore, b-type fragment ion formation is also favored at longer timescales for the arginine containing peptides investigated.
The fragmentation pattern of several proline containing peptides is examined by collision-induced dissociation and 193-nm photodissociation. Unique fragment ions are observed with each occurring at a proline residue. Few differences are detected between CID and 193-nm photodissociation spectra, indicating that the proline residues direct fragmentation rather than the dissociation method.
In an effort to improve the performance of the photodissociation tandem TOF instrument, the addition of a second source and a dual-stage reflectron are incorporated. The modifications result in improved mass range, signal-to-noise, and increased fragment ion collection efficiencies. High quality mass spectra are acquired across a range of mass-to-charge ratios from ~600 to 1900. Furthermore, the modifications continue to allow investigation of various fragmentation timescales with the addition of an additional timeframe of ~3 microseconds.
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Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen an OligonukleotidenIckert, Stefanie 12 November 2018 (has links)
Die Massenspektrometrie stellt eine der bedeutendsten Techniken in der analytischen Chemie dar. Bislang können jedoch noch immer nicht alle Prozesse im Massenspektrometer vollständig erklärt werden. Um dazu einen Beitrag zu leisten, wurden DNA Oligonukleotide untersucht. Mit Hilfe der Ionenmobilitätsmassenspektrometrie wurde die räumliche Ausdehnung von Einzelstrang-DNA in Bezug auf ihr Ladungslevel und ihre Sequenz zur Feststellung der nötigen Fragmentationsenergie hin geprüft. So konnte ein sequenzunabhängiger Fragmentierungspunkt ermittelt werden, welcher ausschließlich vom Ladungslevel bestimmt wurde. Es zeigte sich ein linearer Anstieg der benötigten Energie bei zunehmender Ladung, wobei bei mittleren Ladungszuständen ein Sattelpunkt erreicht wurde. Durch IM-MS konnte dieser Bereich als geometrische Umfaltungszone bestätigt werden. Anschließend wurden die Produktfragmente aus unterschiedlichen kollisionsbasierten Fragmentierungstechniken verglichen, wobei sich herausstellte, dass einzelsträngige DNA aufgrund der komplexen und vielseitigen Dissoziationskanäle im Gegensatz zu anderen Stoffklassen große Unterschiede zwischen den Methoden auswies und daher als empfindlicher Sensor für geringfügige Unterschiede in der Fragmentationtechnik dienen kann. Des Weiteren wurden Doppelstränge verschiedenster Sequenzen mittels kollisionsinduzierter Dissoziation bezüglicher ihrer Zerfallswege untersucht. Dabei konnten spezifische Fragmentationsmuster ermittelt werden. Nachdem verschiedene etablierte Tandem-MS-Techniken angewendet wurden konnte abschließend eine neue Vakuumultraviolette Strahlung-basierte MS/MS-Methode entwickelt werden. Bei höher geladenen Ionen konnte eine Ladungsreduktion durch das Herausschlagen von Elektronen erreicht werden. Des Weiteren konnten die bereits bekannten Dissoziationspfade, wie beispielsweise in DNA, beobachtet werden. Außerdem konnten bei anderen Proben, wie z.B. ATP, ebenfalls neue Produktionen generiert werden. / Mass spectrometry represents one of the most important techniques in analytical chemistry today. So far, however, despite extensive use, not all processes in the mass spectrometer can be fully explained. In order to contribute to this, DNA oligonucleotides were investigated. Ion mobility was used to examine the spatial extent of single-stranded DNA in terms of its charge level and sequence in combination with a MS to determine the required fragmentation energies. Thus, structural changes of the ions can be detected. A sequence-independent fragmentation point could be determined, which was determined exclusively by the charge level. It showed a linear increase in the required energy with increasing charge, with a saddle point was present at intermediate charge states. By ion mobility spectrometry this area could be confirmed as a geometric refolding zone. Subsequently, the product ions from different collision-based fragmentation techniques were compared, and it was found that single-stranded DNA showed large differences between the methods due to the complex and versatile dissociation channels. Therefore, it could serve as a sensitive sensor for minor differences in fragmentation technique. Furthermore, double strands of different sequences were investigated by means of collision-induced dissociation with respect to their fragmentation pathways. Specific fragmentation patterns could be identified, which could be assigned to clear trends. After various established tandem MS techniques were used a new vacuum ultraviolet radiation -based MS/MS method was developed and tested. For this purpose, a commercially available deuterium lamp that has a short wavelength, installed in an ion trap MS. With higher charged ions, a charge reduction could be achieved by the ejection of electrons. Subsequently, the already known dissociation pathways could be observed. In addition, new product ions could also be generated for other samples, such as adenosine triphosphate.
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Strategies to Improve Quantitative Proteomics: Implications of Dimethyl Labelling and Novel Peptide DetectionBoutilier, Joseph 21 March 2012 (has links)
In quantitative proteomics, many of the LC-MS based approaches employ stable isotopic labelling to provide relative quantitation of the proteome in different cell states. In a typical approach, peptides are first detected and identified by tandem MS scans prior to quantifying proteins. This provides the researcher with a large amount of data that are not useful for quantitation. It is desirable to improve the throughput of current approaches to make proteomics a more routine experiment with an enhanced capacity to detect differentially expressed proteins. This thesis reports the developments towards this goal, including an assessment of the viability of stable dimethyl labelling for comparative proteomic measurements and the evaluation of a dynamic algorithm called Parallel Isotopic Tag Screening (PITS) for the detection of isotopically labelled peptides for quantitative proteomics without the use of tandem MS scans.
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Synergizing Microbial Culturing, Whole Genome Sequencing, Asymmetric Synthesis and Tandem MS for Reconstruction of Polyketide and Alkaloid Natural Product Biosynthesis in Marine Actinomycete Nocardiopsis sp CMB- M0232Alqahtani, Norah Faihan 03 June 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Mass Spectrometry Methods For Macromolecules: Polymer Architectures, Cross-Linking, and Surface ImagingEndres, Kevin J. 20 June 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for analysis of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctaonic acid in liver organoid mediaHeggebø Rolfsen, Sandra January 2024 (has links)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organic synthetic compounds used in several industries because of their unique properties and thermal and chemical stability. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctaonic acid (PFOA) are two of the most prominent PFAS that are undegradable and accumulate in nature. To study the impact of PFOS and PFOA on the liver in a controlled environment, organoids can be used. A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method for individual and simultaneous analysis of PFOS and PFOA in liver organoid media and equipment used in organoid analyses was developed. For detection of low concentrations, ability to analyse complex organoid samples, and limit background contamination, a solid phase extraction (SPE) column, automatic filter (AFFL) and a trap column was included. The AFFL-SPE-LC-MS/MS was optimised efficiently through Design of Experiment (DoE) regarding the loading phase in the LC and six MS parameters for PFOS and PFOA. Validation was controlled against Eurachem’s guideline showing high sensitivity, detecting LOD at 6 pg/mL. The method demonstrated high repeatability with an RSD below 8 % for most samples. Simultaneous analysis of PFOS and PFOA demonstrated high selectivity. Nevertheless, the method showed low intermediate precision and varying reliability, as well as persistent background contamination limiting detection of lower concentrations. The method was fit for purpose and allowed rapid analysis of PFOS and PFOA in organoid media and equipment used in organoid analyses. Result from studies of PFAS in liver organoids through analysis with this method can aid in understanding the connection between PFAS and metabolic diseases. / Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Per- och polyfluorerade alkylsubstanser (PFAS) är en grupp av människoskapta, syntetiska ämnen med unika egenskaper. Dessa egenskaper gör att de är olja- och vattenavvisande, och har många applikationsområden. De finns i textiler, livsmedelsförpackningar, brandsläckningsskum och andra industriprodukter. De är väldigt termiskt och kemisk stabila, vilket gör att de inte bryts ner och därmed ackumulerar i miljön. Flera studier har också visat koppling mellan PFAS och många kroniska sjukdomar, som hormonstörningar, cancer, immunsuppression och metabolt associerad fettlever (MAFLD, tidigare nonalkoholisk fettlever (NAFLD)). Kopplingen mellan MAFLD och PFAS har fått mycket uppmärksamhet då levern har visats sig vara ett målorgan för PFAS. Eftersom PFAS är ihärdiga, har ett komplicerat spridningsbeteende och ackumulerar i naturen är det svårt att studera kopplingen mellan MAFLD och PFAS i en kontrollerad miljö. För att studera effekten av PFAS kan man använda organoider, laboratorieodlade 3D modeller gjord från stamceller för att imitera ett äkta organ. Någon av de mest omtalade PFAS ämnen är perfluoroktansyra (PFOA) och perfluoroktansulfonat (PFOS), vilket är fokus för detta arbete. Leverorganoiderna kan utsättas för PFOS och PFOA, och mediet de ligger i kan extraheras och studeras med konventionella analytiska metoder för att få en bild av hur PFAS påverkar levern. I detta arbete vill analysen ske via vätskekromatografi med masspektrometri som detektion (LC-MS/MS). Med LC-MS/MS separeras den studerade molekylen, analyten från lösningen baserat på dess kemiska egenskaper. Analyten detekteras baserat på dess massa, mer bestämd massa/laddning-fördelningen (m/z). För att anpassa LC-MS metoden till injektion av komplexa organoidprover inkluderades ett automatiskt filter (AFFL) samt ett extra automatiskt separationssteg med en kolonn med fastfasextraktion (SPE). I övrigt ger SPE möjligheten att små mängder PFAS kan uppkoncentreras och fokuseras på kolonnen, vilket ger en sensitiv metod som kan detektera låga koncentrationer. SPE och AFFL implementerades båda för att bättre kunna separera och detektera PFOS och PFOA från andra ämnen, samt filtrera bort föroreningar och stora molekyler som kan skada LC-MS/MS instrumentet i längden. Då PFAS hopar upp sig i vår omgivning, visade det sig att kontamination av PFAS från systemet blev en utmaning under metodutvecklingen. Därför implementerades PFAS fritt utstyr, samt en extra kolonn för att fånga PFAS från systemet och på så sätt minska bakgrundskontaminationen som detekterades. AFFL-SPE-LC-MS/MS metoden optimerades via en maskininlärningsbaserad optimeringsmetod baserad på parametrar i LC och MS. Metoden baserar sig på att, med tre värden för varje parameter, uppger programmet ett antal experiment som måste utföras för att kunna beräkna ett optimalt värde för varje parameter. Med resultatet från experimenten kan modellen matematiskt, genom en Bayes baserat Gaussian modell, uppskatta optimala värden för metoden. På så sätt kunde metoden optimeras systematiskt och tidseffektivt. Innan rutinanvändning måste den optimerade metoden valideras. Validering blev gjord genom at följa Eurachem’s riktlinjer. Metoden visade hög repeterbarhet, selektivitet och riktighet. Den har hög sensitivitet, och kan detektera låga mängder, men bakgrundskontaminationen kunde inte elimineras totalt, och gör att man måste korrigera för detta i rutinanalyser. Komplexiteten av AFFL-SPE-LC-MS/MS med flera kolonner och filter gjorde att metoden visade låg robusthet och behövde justeras ofta. AFFL-SPE-LC-MS/MS metoden gör det möjligt att snabbt studera PFOS och PFOA i leverorganoider och utstyr använt i organoidanalyser, och kan bidra i forskningen för att bättre förstå hur PFAS påverkar levern. / Health Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants
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