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Sedert die Tweede W!reldoorlog is daar buiten en behalwe die talle artikels en boeke van Nyerere en ander voorstanders van die Afrikasosialisme veel gepubliseer oor die vooruitsigte van die kapitalisme sowel as die kommunisme in Swart-Afrika. Die algemene indruk wat deur hierdie geskrifte geskep word, is dat nog die Westerse sosialisme, nog die doktrinere Leninistiese Marxisme, nog die kapitalisme, onveranderd op die konkrete toestande in Swart-Afrika toegepas kan word. Tot vandag toe is hierdie kontinent besonders eiesoortig, 5005 Scipio Africanus reeds ingesien het, toe hy beweer het dat daar altyd weer iets nuuts uit Afrika verwag kan word ("Ex Africa semper aliquid novit"). In hulle strewe om getrou aan hulleself te wees en teen die hele wereld vry te bly, word die Afrikane deur enkele beslissende faktore in 'n sterk posisie gehou. Eerstens is daar fisieke faktore, 5005 hulle huidskleur en tiperende gelaatstrekke wat die Afrikane van die meeste ander volkere op aarde onderskei en hulle help om van hulle eiesoortigheid bewus te bly. Verder en bowenal is dit die besondere aardrykskundige omstandighede van Afrika wat sy inboorlinge aanmoedig om hulle tradisionele lewenswyse wat hierby aangepas is nie maklik prys te gee nie. Sedert hulle die koloniale juk gedurende die afgelope kwarteeu afgeskud het, het hulle by die Verenigde Volkere -Organisasie en elders al hoe uitdrukliker opgeval as mense wat eiesourtig doen, dink en voel. Die Afrika-persoonlikheid kom besonder duidelik tot uitdrukking in die wyse waarop die Afrikane die kommunisme en die kapitalisme teen mekaar uitgespeel en van albei en almal wat in hulle belang stel deeglik gebruik maak. Dit is veral na aanleiding van hierdie opvallende selfgeldingsdrang dat die onderhawige verhandeling tot stand gekom het onder die titel: "Die Kapitalisme en Sosialisme in die Lig van die Werklikheid in Swart-Afrika, met besondere verwysing na die Afrika-gebonde Staatsfilosofie van kontemporere Tanzanie. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1980.

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No description available.

This study is concerned with the constructions of the Tanzanian nation in the press. It has confined its focus, first, to the coverage from 2005 to 2011 on Union Day that marks the Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar and the formation of the United Republic of Tanzania and, second, to two prominent Tanzanian newspapers, namely the state-owned Daily News, and the privately-owned The Citizen on Union Day. As the Union remains a contentious issue, the relevance of this research relates to the press’s considerable power to shape understandings and influence attitudes. The study works within a broad cultural and media studies framework and is informed by a constructionist approach to representation and to culture, and to nation in particular. It also draws of journalistic theories of agenda-setting and the normative roles of the press to probe the agendas set by the press on Union Day and to interrogate how the two newspapers construct and frame the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar as nation. The research responds to the question: ‘How has the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union been represented in The Citizen and Daily News newspapers from 2005 to 2011?’ It employs quantitative and qualitative (thematic) content analysis to investigate the coverage in the editorials and feature articles of The Citizen and Daily News newspapers on Union Day (26 April) of 2005 to 2011. This study finds that the government-owned newspaper, Daily News, publishes more articles related to Union on Union Day than the privately-owned, The Citizen and collaborates more determinedly with the state in the process of constructing the nation. However, both newspapers adopt a collaborative role consistent with the development journalism tradition that endorses an informal partnership between media and the state in the process of development (Christians et al, 2009:201). Both publications tend to emphasise the hegemonic ideology pertaining to Union while giving limited attention to challenges to such constructions. While both newspapers do identify certain problems of the Union and thus exercise a monitorial role to varying extents, it is apparent that the press in Tanzania tends to be largely acritical, perhaps attributable to a long period under single party rule

The study intended to investigate conflict management capacity in local government authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania. Specific objectives embrace to: identify types of conflict; find out causes of conflict within Tanzania LGAs; find out positive and negative effects of conflict; explore mechanisms available for conflict resolution; identify the problems encountered in resolving conflict; and recommend policy options and strategies for managing conflict in LGAs. Research questions included: what types of conflict persist in the city and municipal councils in Tanzania?; to what extent does conflict lead to the strengthening or weakening of the relationship between the councilors and the permanent public officials?; and what are the available mechanisms for conflict resolution? The study was conducted in Iringa Municipal Council and Tanga City Council using a case study design. This involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total number of 1012 respondents constituted a study sample. The research instruments included: observation, interviews, questionnaires, consultations with informants and informal discussions, focus group discussions and documentary reviews. The study found that conflict existed in the councils because of factors like inadequacy of funds, lack of transparency, lack of accountability and low level of education among the councillors. The available mechanisms for conflict resolution included: mediation, disciplinary committees, meetings, informal discussions, seminars and guidance and counselling. However, these mechanisms were not effectively used in managing conflict. Lastly, the respondents suggested measures for improving conflict resolution skills. They include: frequent meetings, provision of education and training, increased transparency, definition of roles through job descriptions, increased participatory decision-making, and increased sources of funds. / Public Administration / D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)

The study intended to investigate conflict management capacity in local government authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania. Specific objectives embrace to: identify types of conflict; find out causes of conflict within Tanzania LGAs; find out positive and negative effects of conflict; explore mechanisms available for conflict resolution; identify the problems encountered in resolving conflict; and recommend policy options and strategies for managing conflict in LGAs. Research questions included: what types of conflict persist in the city and municipal councils in Tanzania?; to what extent does conflict lead to the strengthening or weakening of the relationship between the councilors and the permanent public officials?; and what are the available mechanisms for conflict resolution? The study was conducted in Iringa Municipal Council and Tanga City Council using a case study design. This involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total number of 1012 respondents constituted a study sample. The research instruments included: observation, interviews, questionnaires, consultations with informants and informal discussions, focus group discussions and documentary reviews. The study found that conflict existed in the councils because of factors like inadequacy of funds, lack of transparency, lack of accountability and low level of education among the councillors. The available mechanisms for conflict resolution included: mediation, disciplinary committees, meetings, informal discussions, seminars and guidance and counselling. However, these mechanisms were not effectively used in managing conflict. Lastly, the respondents suggested measures for improving conflict resolution skills. They include: frequent meetings, provision of education and training, increased transparency, definition of roles through job descriptions, increased participatory decision-making, and increased sources of funds. / Public Administration and Management / D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)