The purpose of this study is to analyze the environments and survival strategies of local media from the aspect of management. China Daily News and Taiwan News are chosen for case study because they are representative of local newspaper in urban areas in Taiwan. The results show that these two Newspaper possess three core competitive forces: history, cross marketing and newsroom strategies, and the superior delivery of local news. With regard to history, these two presses were the only press issued locally from their time of establishment to their time of growth and still remain to be so. As to cross marketing and newsroom strategies, their owners highly emphasize the necessity of adopting these strategies which contribute to the success and vitality of the press. Finally, the quality and quantity of the local news they cover and deliver are also unbeatable by any other media. To survive in the future, local newspaper are advised to adopt the following strategies: (1) to have sufficient capital, (2) to perform market and cost analyses for the purpose of fixing the prices of newspaper and advertisement, (3) to invest on the development of human resources, (4) to evaluate changes in the market, (5) to find a niche and have a clear share in the market, (6) to produce local news that are superior in quality and quantity, (7) to adopt cross marketing and newsroom strategies, (8) to have value chain deconstructed and executed externally. Vertical and horizontal integration, as well as diversification of business are essential as well. For new local newspaper, there is a small chance of success because the success of a local newspaper depends on the acceptance and recognition of local people. It takes time for local people to grow into the habit of reading a particular newspaper. Even if the newcomers are run in the best form of business, success is still uneasy. The competition is keener in those urban areas where local newspaper are already present.

Author: Camilla Andersson Title: The depiction of female and male elite soccer players in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter –  A quantitative and discursive analysis of the World Cup 2002 and 2003 Level of education: C Subject: Media and Communication Studies Umeå University: Department of Culture and Media Studies Term: Spring 2004 Pages: 70   The purpose of this essay is that from a gender theoretical and critical discourse analysis perspective  study how the image of the Swedish football national teams and players in the 2002 World Cup (men) and 2003 (women) were constructed in the media coverage. I analyze articles published in Dagens Nyheter, Swedens biggest morningpaper and Aftonbladet, biggest eveningpaper. The method is based on a quantitative content analysis, and critical discourse analysis in which I use van Dijk's analytical approach.   Issues : 1. What constructed the World Cup in 2002 and 2003  players and teams, from a gender theoretical perspective in the mediatexts? 2. Can the constructions in question 1 (with respect to the World Cup, players and teams ) be attributed to a specific gender discourse and how can they then be explained from a discursive perspective?   Both the content analysis and critical discourse analysis points to significant differences in the attention value of the World Cup in 2002 and 2002.   • It differs in structure / presentation of the actual event where mens World Cup is constructed as a dramatic and historically important event. It has an impact on all pages in the paper: debate  culture, news sites as well on the sports pages. Articles about the female players are more concentrated on the sports pages. • The difference in the portrayal of the fotball players. The portraits of the men are elaborate and well researched. The portraits of the women are much thinner, more of haste. The male practitioner depicted additionally as potent and purposeful and may control the narrative about himself. The image of the female practitioner will be that she "corrects herself nicely " after the reporter team. Women players are also asked to comment on other events, for instance the men´s competition, than the direct cause of the text that should be a portrait of the female player. They are also compared to male players . There are also some cases of differences in language use with a tendency to reduction of the female player. Important to remember, however, is that this is only a small number of texts that have been analyzed. Remarkable, however, are the results from the content analysis that there is much greater focus on the team when it comes to the ladies, and more focus on individuals when the men are described . • The difference in the quality of production with respect to the number of articles , number of writers and in the construction of the articles. The number of articles is on average 5 times as many during the 2002 World Cup about Swedish national team (men) compared to the VM 2003 and the women's national team. Articles are also backed up in a greater extent by the factfile, tables and general articles relating to the World Cup. For the ladies it does not exist the same editorial back-up to lift the event to a few levels higher in readers' rankings. Here the focus is most of the game situation and to the team.   Attention value is higher for men, not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of where the texts are published. It is clear that in the material there is a dominance and importance discourse connected to gender in the surveillance of the World Cup.   Keywords: Mass Communication, Gender, Sport, Daily News Paper, World Cup, Attention Value

Almost 10 years after the attack on World Trade Center Sept. 11 2001, Osama bin Laden was shot and killed on May 2 2011 in Pakistan. How was this event framed by the media with regards to the global war on terror? This study compares two different American newspapers – the New York Times and the New York Daily News – and how they framed the war on terrorism in the Middle East from May 2 to May 15 2011. By analyzing the framing in a perspective of the four functions of framing theory: define problems, diagnose causes, make moral judgments and suggest remedies, we found considerable differences in each papers frames. Through a qualitative text analysis of the opinion pages in these two newspapers, using three themes as a base, we found a number of differences. While the New York Times contained a form of open discussion about problems and remedies, New York Daily News takes an emotional and moral approach. These differences in content may affect the opinions of the readers. We speculate that the more open and suggestive nature of the New York Times, also opens the minds of the readers enabling them to form opinions in a liberated sense. Thus the more closed, emotional and moral nature of the New York Daily News may have greater impact on an individual’s ability to form its own opinions and moral values.

Thesis (MPhil (Information Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, a cluster analysis of news stories published in the Botswana Daily News during the period January - December 2004 was undertaken. The study was exploratory in nature and sought to find out what topics were predominant during the study period. The approach we adopted can be divided into three phases, namely data collection, document pre-processing, and cluster analysis. The data used in the study was downloaded from the Botswana Daily News website using a simple program developed specifically for that purpose. Document pre-processing was concerned with transforming the raw documents into a format that could be directly operated upon by the various clustering algorithms. The documents themselves were represented using the vector space model, with the tf.idf term weighting scheme. We experimented with three clustering approaches, namely, direct k-way clustering, k-way clustering through repeated bisections, and agglomerative clustering. Agglomerative clustering performed poorly, and we thus discarded its results. Direct k-way clustering and k-way clustering through repeated bisections produced similar results, though the former performed better in terms of external isolation and internal cohesion of the clusters produced. Consequently, we only retained the results from direct k-way clustering, and subsequently performed a quarterly analysis of our corpus using only the direct k-way clustering algorithm. Analysis of the complete corpus identified a number of topics that were prevalent over the study period. Interestingly, a quarterly analysis of the corpus revealed other topics whose prevalence appears to have been limited to certain parts of the year.

The LGBTI+ community in Turkey are regularly subjected to discrimination, threats andviolence. This study aims to analyze how two Turkish newspapers cover LGBTI+ in Turkey,with a time frame of the last ten years and a sub-focus on the ban of Istanbul pride in 2015. Ipresent a qualitative approach to the study based on framing analysis regarding mediacoverage. The analysis applies to articles and citations within these, using four different‘frames’ adapted from previous research; equality frame, victim frame, morality frame andpropaganda of homosexuality frame. The results show a decrease of LGBTI+ coveragewithin the examined time frame and a variation of frame usage. There are indications that thepride ban of 2015 may have been a shifting point for framing regarding both articles andcitations. The results also uncover a substantial decrease in the quantity of coverage on thetopic. The results of the two newspapers differ, indicating different media outlets portrayLGBTI+ people in diverse ways.

The media, which help define what we think and our roles in the society, have a crucial role to project both men and women’s issues so as to change people’s perceptions and stereotypes about the role men and women play in the society. There is need, therefore, to ensure gender equality in the operations of the media so that issues to do with both men and women get adequate and equal coverage. This study on the reportage of the land redistribution exercise in Zimbabwe has, however, exposed the gendered nature of the operations of the media, particularly in the news production process. It provides that, overally, the news discourse is a masculine narrative whose androcentric form is a result of, and is protected by, claims to ‘objectivity,’ ‘professionalism’, ‘impartiality’ and the pursuit of a journalistic routine system that hegemonically prioritises men’s issues over those of women. The situation, as the research shows, has not been helped by journalists’ incapacity to do thematic appreciation of issues and their over-inclination towards a simplistic event-based journalism that fails to question policies as they are enacted and implemented in gender-skewed processes. The lack of gender policies, the operations of patriarchy and the pursuit of a journalistic routine system that sees nothing wrong with the ostracisation of women issues are very fundamental findings that the research uses in its attempts to explain why the gender equality discourse was left out of the news reports about the land reform exercise in Zimbabwe.

The study critically explored the language of reportage of the Zimbabwe Land Reform programme as presented in selected Shona and English newspapers in Zimbabwe. The study focused on Kwayedza, The Herald, The Daily News and The Daily Mirror. The objective was to find out whether or not the verbal and visual languages used in reporting the Land Reform programme left readers more knowledgeable about the programme, and then adopt a critical attitude towards the Land Reform exercise. The study used qualitative textual analysis to unpack the language frames used in representing Land Reform in the selected newspapers. Some relevant critical voices from readers were also enlisted in order to support or complicate interpretations of how Land Reform was portrayed in the selected stories. Kwayedza and The Herald unequivocally supported the Land Reform. This official stance was contested in Chapter Four in which The Daily News adopted an ideological position opposed to both the idea of the Land Reform and the confiscatory way the land was repossessed. The Daily News’ extremely negative criticism of the Land Reform was challenged and then modified in The Daily Mirror. The Daily Mirror criticised both the government’s extremely supportive view of the Land Reform. The Daily Mirror also openly criticised The Daily News for refusing to acknowledge the historical inevitability and necessity of the Land Reform. The Daily Mirror advanced a perspective that suggested that Land Reform programme should benefit the masses more than the elites. It was argued that in contexts of political change such as that of Zimbabwe, newspapers take a stance and support particular ideological interests. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

老品牌往往能夠創造夢想來滿足消費者的夢想，且能長時間保持一致性，獲得消費者的信賴，如此老品牌方能長青。 品牌經營者不能完全仰仗老品牌的知名度而不做任何革新，否則當銷售量下跌、成長率衰退的時候，老品牌的原有支持者逐漸年老，新的客群又未能接續支持老品牌，此時光環退色，當年風光不再，徒留懷舊與感慨的傷情。 為避免危機臨頭，能長期創造佳績，永保金字招牌閃亮，品牌經營者應不時在目標顧客中注入新生命，創造令人印象深刻的復甦，重新恢復品牌地位。 「國語日報」從1948年創刊，六十年來的執著，推行國語文教育不懈，在語文教育與兒童文學領域，均創建輝煌佳績，六十年來堅持以教育理念辦報及關心社會公益，在讀者心目中建立多面向的良好品牌印象。 本研究從品牌再造觀點出發，供給面透過「國語日報」內部高層深入訪談來研究，需求面透過針對國語日報的讀者──學童、家長及教師，舉辦焦點團體討論，整理出由消費者需求角度切入的觀點，重新定義「國語日報」的品牌定位，加以品牌創新，讓國語日報經由品牌再造在未來可以繼續發光發熱六十年。 / Old brands are often able to create dreams that satisfy what consumers yearn for, and remain consistent over a long period of time, winning consumers’ trust and loyalty. Brand operators should not fully rely on established name recognition without making any change. Otherwise, when sales drop and growth decline, and original supporters of an old brand gradually age and new customers do not fill the gap left behind, the brand would lose its luster, leaving only reminiscence and much regret. To prevent an impending crisis, and deliver brilliant performance in the long term and maintain an unshakable status forever, brand operators should constantly inject new life into target customers, creating a revival that leaves a deep impression and restoring brand status. Since its establishment in 1948, the Mandarin Daily News has for 60 years commit itself to the promotion of Mandarin education, showing splendid performance in language education and children’s literature. For 60 years, the newspaper has built its business on the concept of education and has contributed greatly to social welfare, establishing an excellent, multi-faceted brand image amongst readers. By compiling opinions from the perspective of consumers’ requirements through in-depth interview with the Mandarin Daily News’ top level management and the newspaper’s readers, including students, parents and teachers, the Study, taking the approach of brand reengineering, seeks to redefine the brand positioning of the Mandarin Daily News and achieve brand innovation that would allow the newspaper to continue shining in the next 60 years.

本論文共分五章。第一章為緒論，包括研究問題、研究動機與研究意義。研究問題在探詢「二二八事件」當時台灣主要官方報紙《台灣新生報》呈現了什麼觀點、其言論立場的轉變的原因為何？此轉變對日後台灣媒體論述有什麼影響？研究動機主要想瞭解「二二八事件」期間《台灣新生報》言論立場轉變之原因，進而反省當今媒體意識形態問題，藉以瞭解國民黨意識形態如何運用媒體形塑文化霸權論述。同時說明「二二八事件」與《台灣新生報》的研究意義與價值。 第二章為文獻回顧與理論探討，首先回顧「二二八事件」的相關研究，並藉由與文獻對話的過程體現研究者對「二二八事件」的論述觀點。理論的部分則在檢視葛蘭西的「文化霸權」理論，思索身為國家意識形態機器的《台灣新生報》在事件期間的角色與其報導論述之取向。 第三章觀察《台灣新生報》文本在「二二八事件」期間的論述立場、報導題材與版面處理的變化，瞭解在政府介入下該報霸權論述的形塑過程。 第四章進一步探究《台灣新生報》文本內容，指出該報在特定意識形態力量召喚下所呈現出的幾種霸權論述樣貌。 第五章為結論，說明《台灣新生報》霸權論述的意義，指出國民黨的意識形態霸權對台灣媒體論述的影響，反思當前台灣媒體諸問題。 / This thesis is divided into five chapters. It starts, in “Introduction,” with the explanation of the author’s problem, motivation and the significance of this study. For a start, the problem is to find out what kinds of news were represented and why its remarks had transformed Taiwan Shin Sheng Daily News（hereafter TSSDN）, Taiwan’s major publicly-owned newspaper at that time, on its viewpoints of the Feb.28 Incident. In addition, questions are asked about how this change has made an impact on Taiwan media accounts and remarks. Secondly, the motivation is mainly to understand why TSSDN altered its statement and remarks during the Feb.28 Incident. In observing this change, the author tries to discover how KMT ideology took advantage of the media and formed its hegemony as a reminder of present-day media ideological problems in Taiwan. At the same time, the researcher manifests the meaning and value of this thesis. The second chapter deals with“literature review”and“theory probing.”To begin with, the author reviews studies regarding the Feb.28 Incident and makes clear his own view on the Incident by means of a dialogue with the literature. Moreover, by inspecting Gramsci’s hegemony theory, the author ponders on TSSDN’s role as the Ideological State Apparatus and its accounts of the incident In the third chapter, the author scrutinizes TSSDN’s discourse to find out its perspective, accounts and layouts during the Feb.28 Incident in an attempt to understand the progress of TSSDN’s discursive hegemony built in the era of government intervention. In the fourth chapter, the author probes further into TSSDN’s discourse to identify several patterns under the summons of the specific ideology. In the concluding chapter, by interpreting the meaning of TSSDN’s hegemony discussion, the author points out the influence of KMT’s ideological hegemony on Taiwan media remarks and introspects on current problems of Taiwan media.

This research aims to investigate the extent to which media organisations in Taiwan apply human resource management strategies and policies to sustain their competitive advantage in a threatening environment. This study argues that human capital is the most valuable resource of media companies. As long as the human resource is optimally allocated and managed, it can facilitate media companies to outperform their competitors, and thus, enable media companies to achieve sustained competitive advantage. The first stage of this research analyses the Taiwanese media industry from a broad perspective. During the development of Taiwan’s media industry, the government and political parties played important roles. The key factors involved in the changes in the environment are examined from political, economic, social, and technological points of view. In addition, this research analyses the human resource management practices adopted by the two leading media groups in Taiwan. One of the groups is the United Daily News group, an old established media company with its interest in newspapers, and a newly established Eastern Broadcasting Corporation (EBC) group which is a multi-media company. Qualitative research approach was adopted as the framework for this research and also to explore and understand the links between specific human resource management indicators and media organisations’ sustained competitive advantage. Two Taiwanese media groups were selected as case studies. The case study approach involved in-depth interviews conducted with management staff and non-management staff, in order to understand the two companies’ human resource management policies and practices. Connecting the study as a whole, there are three important findings: (1) The deregulation which began from the late 1980s has transformed the Taiwanese media industry from a party-state domination to a fiercely competitive marketplace. (2) Consequently, Taiwanese news organisations have shown a greater propensity to pursue commercial performance. As such, in addition to journalists, advertising sales personnel were included in the talent pool by news organisations. (3) The view of human resources as a pool of capital implies a change in the perception of costs in media companies’ human resource management practices. HRM is practised by the two companies in different degree. Taiwanese media companies should pay attention to the different characteristics of their core workers, and maintain their core workers to convey their organisational culture, and achieve their companies’ SCA. In Taiwan, the HRM function had been ignored for a long time due to decades of regulation on new competitors. However, when the media proprietors spent a majority of their capital on the payroll and emphasized that ‘human capital’ is their most important asset, to some extent, Taiwanese media companies perceived HRM as a means to achieve their companies’ SCA. In this regard, Taiwanese media companies should make more effort to develop and nurture the HRM practices and policies which are suitable for the organisation’s unique culture, in improving the outcomes of their human resource investment and in turn providing sustained competitive advantage.