Mokestinių prievolių įvykdymo užtikrinimo būdų sąvoka nėra visiškai nauja Lietuvos mokesčių administravimo procese - jie buvo naudojami ir anksčiau, tačiau senos redakcijos LR mokesčių administravimo įstatyme buvo įtvirtinta tik mokestinių prievolių išieškojimo įvykdymo užtikrinimo samprata. Nuo 2004 05 01 įsigaliojusiame LR mokesčių administravimo įstatyme įvertinta ir mokestinių prievolių įvykdymo būdų reikšmė mokesčių administravimo procese, jie susisteminti ir apjungti į vieną grupę. Temos aktualumą pabrėžia nenuginčijamas faktas, kad mokesčiai sudaro esminę valstybės biudžeto dalį. Kadangi mokestinių prievolių įvykdymo užtikrinimo būdų taikymas dažniausiai susijęs su pavojumi ar rizika, kad mokesčių mokėtojas laiku neįvykdys savo prievolių, todėl pagrindinė jų funkcija – užtikrinti mokesčių sumokėjimą į biudžetą – tampa ypač svarbi mokesčių administravimo procese. Be minėtos, užtikrinimo būdai gali atlikti ir skatinamąją funkciją, nepaisant to, kad įgyvendinami mokesčių administratoriui duodant valdingus nurodymus. Darbe analizuojama mokestinių prievolių vykdymo užtikrinimo būdų samprata, jų taikymo specifika, lyginamos šiuo metu galiojančio ir prieš tai galiojusio MAĮ nuostatos, išskiriamos probleminės sritys. Mokestinių prievolių įvykdymo užtikrinimo būdus reglamentuoja keletas įstatymų bei daugybė poįstatyminių teisės aktų, todėl teisinis reguliavimas tampa pernelyg painus ir sudėtingas. Darbe siūloma patobulinti sąvokas, supaprastinti mokestinių prievolių įvykdymo... [to full text] / The concept of tax enforcement methods is not absolutely new in Lithuania tax administration process – they were used earlier although in late edition of Tax administration act there was exaction of tax duties enforcement defined. Since enactment of Tax administration act of 2004 05 01 the import of tax enforcement methods for tax administration process was valued, they were systematized and assorted in one group. The great relevance of subject can be highlighted by incontrovertible fact that taxes makes the biggest influence on budget structure. As well as use of tax enforcement methods is often associated with danger or risk that tax payers will not fulfill their duties on time, their main function– to ensure taxes to be paid to budget – becomes very important for tax administration process. Aside above mentioned, tax enforcement methods can also have motive power, despite they are implemented by imperious orders of tax authority. This research work analizes the concept of tax enforcement methods, their practice particularity, also compares concepts related with tax enforcement of late edition and efectual for now Tax administration acts, defines the problematic keys. There are several acts and many decrees wich regulates the tax enforcement methods, so legal regulations is quite intricate and complex. The author suggests to improve conceptions, simplify regulation, canons and rulings of tax enforcement methods. Also other views on use of methods of tax enforcement are... [to full text]

The aim of this thesis is to outline the optimization of taxes on corporate income and its use in practice. The first part defines the basic concepts and highlights the issue of the link between accounting and tax rules. The following is a detailed description of the transformation of the accounting profit to the tax base with a number of example and accounting schemes. The second part focuses on explaining the concepts of tax savings and tax avoidance.They are described main methods of illegal tax evasion and how to fight against them at the national level and the European Union. In addition, this part characterizes the basic concepts of tax havens, their benefits and efforts to reduce them. The conclusion is given virtually complete practical expample using the methodology described in this work.

Diplomová práce se zabývá spolupracující osobou z hlediska daně z příjmů, sociálního a zdravotního pojištění. Teoretické poznatky jsou analyzovány na příkladech z praxe, na závěr jsou shrnuty výhody i nevýhody využití institutu spolupráce osob podle § 13 zákona o dani z příjmů. Příloha v MS Excel obsahuje interaktivní tabulky usnadňující výpočet podílu na příjmech a výdajích spolupracující osoby, výpočet daně z příjmů, sociálního a zdravotního pojištění. Algoritmy pro výpočty jsou stanoveny podle zákonů platných pro zdaňovací období 2010 a 2011.

In the first theoretic part the tax system of Czech Republic is specified and then individual taxes are described in detail. As the basic target of this diploma work is presentation of taxes in company accounting, next part is based on accounting of taxes and its tax effects into base of income tax. Then the practical part presents tax system in particular company. For this reason small agricultural company called EPIGON A located in Českobudějovicko was chosen. All tax duties of company EPIGON A in 2008 were described and calculated in the diploma work. Next actual changes in tax and accounting legislation were analyzed with its impacts into accounting of particular company and also impacts into base of income tax. Legislation on taxes and accounting has many exceptions for agricultural companies. This diploma work pays attention to these specialties and exceptions as well.

This diploma thesis was aimed at analyzing the influence of tax incentives for the research and development on the tax duty of the taxpayers. Within the first section a term research and development was defined followed by the specification of possible forms of the tax incentives for the research and development. The calculation of the tax duty of the illustrative company which effected research and development activity (within two scenarios) was presented within the practial section. The illustrative company was constantly profitable in the first scenario and as such, it incurred higher savings from the application of the research and development tax deduction in comparison to the second scenario (where company incurred a tax loss in one taxable period). Based on the results, taxpayers who apply the research and development tax deduction may consider a tax optimisation in case they could possibly incur a tax loss.