Action research has become a widely accepted and popular form of teacher professional development/learning, within the UK and internationally, and forms part of the professional actions of the Scottish Chartered Teacher. Whilst action research may be a valuable form of professional development supported through awardbearing courses (such as the Scottish Chartered Teacher programmes), funded projects or partnerships with university colleagues, it is questionable to what extent this is continued or even valued by teachers beyond the parameters of CPD courses. If Chartered Teachers are to engage meaningfully in action research then it is vital we understand how they perceive the nature and purpose of such activities and explore the opportunities and limitations they may face. This is not just an issue for Chartered Teachers in Scotland but one that may concern any teacher attempting to engage in action research as part of their practice. To explore teachers’ lived experience of engaging in post-award non-funded action research a case-study approach was adopted. The case study comprised six qualified Chartered Teachers with this thesis focusing on the stories from three of the teachers. In-depth loosely structured interviews were held with participants at three intervals over the course of a year to discuss their current and ongoing action research work. In addition visual data was created by participants to explore, share, (re)present and negotiate their understandings of action research. Documentary data was also collected. A broadly inductive approach to the analysis was taken, coding both within and across cases. A thematic narrative analysis of the individuals’ stories was also undertaken because I believe teachers’ individual stories are critically important and was keen not to reduce these to ‘codes’ and ‘categories’. Emerging from the data are three significant themes - the importance of understanding the nature and purpose of action research; the teachers’ evolving identities as Chartered Teachers/action researchers; and the need to develop and promote a Third Space – creating a conceptually different way of being a teacher. The data shows that traditional notions of research are influencing these teachers’ understanding of action research and this limits their action research work. How teachers understand the nature and purpose of action research is deeply interrelated with their identity as a teacher/Chartered Teacher/action researcher. Their identity(ies), I suggest, is/are a site of struggle, contestation and negotiation and Chartered Teachers are, arguably, in an in-between space: they are simultaneously teacher and researcher, yet they are neither one nor the other. It is possible, then, to understand Chartered Teacher as a hybrid identity and I draw upon Third Space theory as a heuristic to understand Chartered Teacher as a distinctly different way of being a teacher. I argue that a more complex view is needed that promotes the dynamic and fluid nature of action research. The insights drawn from this study offer some understandings that may help us to (re)consider and (re)frame the way in which we understand the teacher as researcher.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marly Kruger de Pesce.pdf: 514897 bytes, checksum: aa0d572551ce9513d2129e67929feed8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-29 / This thesis deals with the education of a teacher as researcher in undergraduate teacher education courses (licensure) with the aim of understanding how the teacher educator considers the education of a teacher as researcher. The principles of Vygotsky s Sociohistorical Theory (2009) guided this study for understanding that the human being has been constituted through interactions with others in a dialogical constitution, having the language as a tool of knowledge mediation. The concept of teacher as researcher was based on André (2001,2006), Concham-Smth e Lytle (1999), Lüdke (2000, 2001) among other authors. The participants were four teacher educators who oriented the supervised pre-service teacher training of the undergraduate courses of teaching education in Mathematics, Geography, Letters and History of a community university. Two students of the last two years of each of these courses also participated of this research. The data were gotten by applying interviews. Institutional documents were also analyzed such as the Institutional Educational Project, the Projects of the Undergraduate Courses and the Teaching Learning Programs of supervised pre-service teacher training. The Critical Analysis of Discourse proposed by Fairclough (1999) guided the reading and the interpretation of the corpus. The data analysis indicated that the teacher educators have different conceptions of what teacher research is. The discursive formation that comes from the specific subject is the way these teachers understand the formation of the teacher as researcher. There is no a clear concept of teacher research in the institutional documents, but some of them describe the didactic procedures that have to be followed to help the student to become a teacher as researcher. The students have still understood research as a way of updating in terms of subject content and pedagogical issues. In common, teacher educators and students recognize the importance of the research in the teaching activity as a possibility to develop autonomy concerning to subject matters and classroom situations. The teacher educators reported some strategies they considered essential to help the education of teacher as researcher, which were also mentioned by the students. The most mentioned strategies were: individual counseling, encouraging, questioning and group discussion. This research demonstrated that the way teacher educators understand and teach how to do research is affected by both personal experiences with research as the institutional culture. In the same way, the students, who are immersed in multiple interactions, constitute themselves discursively by the area of their licensure course / A presente tese aborda a formação do professor pesquisador em cursos de licenciatura com o objetivo de compreender como o professor formador considera formar o professor pesquisador. Os princípios da teoria socio-histórica de Vigotski (2009) orientaram esta pesquisa que compreende que o sujeito se constitui nas relações que estabelece dialogicamente com o outro tendo a linguagem como instrumento de mediação do conhecimento. A concepção de professor pesquisador teve como referencia André (2001,2006), Concham-Smth e Lytle (1999), Lüdke (2000, 2001) entre outros autores. Participaram da pesquisa quatro professores orientadores do Estagio Curricular Supervisionado nos cursos de licenciatura de matemática, geografia, letras e história de uma universidade comunitária. Também participaram dois alunos do último ano de cada um dos referidos cursos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e pela análise de documentos institucionais como, por exemplo, o Projeto Pedagógico Institucional, os Projetos dos Cursos de licenciatura, os Programas de Ensino Aprendizagem de Estágio Curricular Supervisionado. A Análise Critica do Discurso de Fairclough (1999) orientou a leitura e a interpretação do corpus da pesquisa. A análise dos dados apontou que as professoras formadoras têm diferentes concepções do que é pesquisa. A formação discursiva advinda das especificidades da disciplina constitui a forma como essas professoras entendem a formação do professor pesquisador. Os documentos institucionais não indicam claramente o que é a pesquisa do professor, embora alguns deles descrevam os procedimentos didáticos que devem ser seguidos para ajudar o acadêmico a desenvolver-se como professor pesquisador. Os acadêmicos ainda compreendem a pesquisa como uma forma de o professor manter-se atualizado, tanto no que se refere ao conteúdo da disciplina quanto às questões pedagógicas. Em comum, professores formadores e alunos reconhecem a importância da pesquisa na atividade docente como possibilidade de desenvolver a autonomia referente aos conteúdos da disciplina e às situações da sala de aula. As professoras relataram algumas estratégias que consideram fundamentais para ajudar a formação do professor pesquisador, as quais também são mencionadas pelos alunos. As mais mencionadas foram: orientação individual, incentivo, questionamento e discussão coletiva. Esta pesquisa demonstrou que a forma como as professoras formadoras entendem e ensinam a fazer pesquisa são afetadas tanto pelas experiências pessoais com a pesquisa como pela cultura institucional. Da mesma forma, os acadêmicos imersos nas múltiplas interações, vão se constituindo discursivamente pela área do seu curso de licenciatura.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDCS.pdf: 920735 bytes, checksum: ddaaf317eda9092fd41918255310ba29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-25 / This research, with qualitative characteristics, involves an autobiographic study inserted into a perspective of continuous formation of the teacher, by means of reflexive practice. It aims at identifying and analyzing: i) the knowledge base which was recognized,transformed and produced by the teacher as researcher; and, ii) the contributions offered by certain interlocutors linked to the educational universe, to consolidate part of this knowledge and to promote reflexive processes. The main theory references which orientated this research were the works of Zeichner (1992, 1993, 1998); Schön (2000), Tardif (1991, 2000, 2002) and Nóvoa (2000). On the other hand, the method used was based on an autobiographic proposal and on interpretative theories of documents of the teacher as researcher. The main activities and procedures include filming the classes, day-by-day written records, and audio record of the reflexive meetings with the interlocutors. During the work, it was possible to observe that the teachers knowledge under development mostly derivate from the background influence generated by family, school and university lives, by the personal/professional experiences in schools, and by the interactions of the teacher and a number of interlocutors she met while working, both in formal training activities and during the research. The teacher developed her practice by creatively exploring the traditional teaching places, bringing up contents of attitude, procedures and concepts, valorizing the discussion and stimulating the interactions and the collective work of the students. The conduction and sustenance of the teachinglearning process is characterized by an articulated sequence of activities, by the development of the didactic contract and by the evaluation of the discipline and progression of learning. Some dilemmas are typical of her professional life, such as the handling of the subject in school time and the development of a teaching technique which consider the reality of the students. The division of the teaching experience allowed the objectivity of several implicit theories. The unbalancing situations caused by the interlocutors created an intense involvement of the teacher with the reflexive process about practice, leading to some discoveries and to the revision of the understanding of teaching. Moreover, they motivated the overcome of some pedagogical illusions and of an individualist perspective of the teaching activity. The teacher-researcher could understand that many of her dilemmas are especially constituted of institutional problems of the Brazilian educational system, which needs more than just the personal reflection of the teachers. This work may offer some clues that the promotion of researches by high school teachers contribute to an increase of the professional development, to the appropriation and improvement of their knowledge base, to a perception of the gaps to be reviewed in a continued process, and to the refining of the decision about becoming a teacher. / Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, envolve um estudo de cunho autobiográfico inserida numa perspectiva de formação continuada do/a professor/a, pela prática reflexiva. Teve como objetivos identificar e analisar: i) os saberes mobilizados, transformados e produzidos pela professora-pesquisadora e, ii) as contribuições oferecidas por determinados/as interlocutores/as vinculados ao universo escolar ou universitário, para a consolidação de parte destes saberes e para a promoção de processos reflexivos. As principais referências teóricas que iluminaram a pesquisa foram os trabalhos de Zeichner (1992, 1993, 1998); Schön (2000), Tardif (1991, 2000, 2002) e Nóvoa (2000): Por sua vez, o método construído baseou-se na proposta de autobiografia e em teorias interpretativas de documentos da professora-pesquisadora. As principais atividades e procedimentos incluem: registro de aulas por meio de gravações audiovisuais; registros em diário de bordo e anotações e gravação em áudio dos encontros reflexivos com os/as interlocutores/as. No trabalho, foi possível observar que os saberes docentes em construção, em grande parte, decorrem das influências geradas pela história de formação familiar, escolar e universitária, pelas experiências pessoais/profissionais vividas nas escolas e pelas interações da professora com os mais diversos interlocutores(as) que ela encontra no exercício profissional, em atividades formais de capacitação em serviço e durante a realização da pesquisa. A professora desenvolve sua prática procurando explorar com criatividade os espaços tradicionais de ensino; abarcando conteúdos atitudinais, procedimentais e conceituais; valorizando o diálogo e estimulando as interações e o trabalho coletivo dos/as alunos/as. A condução e sustentação do processo de ensino e aprendizagem caracteriza-se por uma seqüência articulada de atividades, pelo desenvolvimento do contrato didático e da avaliação da disciplina e da progressão das aprendizagens. Alguns dilemas são característicos de seu percurso profissional, como a gestão da matéria no tempo escolar e o desenvolvimento de um ensino que considere a realidade dos/as alunos/as. A partilha da própria prática possibilitou a objetivação de muitas teorias implícitas. As situações desequilibradoras provocadas pelos/as interlocutores geraram um envolvimento intenso da professora com o processo reflexivo sobre a prática, levando-a a algumas descobertas e a revisão de compreensões sobre o ensino. Ainda motivaram a superaração de algumas ilusões pedagógicas e de uma certa perspectiva individualista da atuação docente. A professora-pesquisadora pode compreender que muitos dos seus dilemas se constituem, principalmente, em problemas institucionais do sistema de ensino brasileiro, cujo enfrentamento requer mais do que a reflexão pessoal dos docentes. Este trabalho pode oferecer alguns sinais de que a promoção de pesquisas por professores/as do ensino médio contribui para um maior desenvolvimento profissional, a apropriação e aperfeiçoamento de seus saberes, uma percepção das lacunas a serem revistas num processo continuado e o refinamento no entendimento quanto a tornar-se professor/a.

Abstract The Finnish notion of academic, scientific, research-based teacher education has become a frequently referred to idea within the Finnish educational discourses of research, policy, curriculum and practice. This study examines the current discourse of research based teacher education since its emergence during the 1970s reform that ‘scientized’ teacher education. Drawing on Foucauldian approaches of genealogy and governmentality studies, the purpose of this study is to explore the current presence of ‘research’ in Finnish teacher education and consider the effects of the ways in which the notion of research is mobilised in the discourse. The research questions are: 1. How are teacher subjectivities and notions of research constructed, assembled and mobilised in the discourse of research-based teacher education in Finland? 2. What social ideals circumscribe the aspirations for teachers as researchers and research-based teacher education in Finland? The analysis is carried out on academic publications that have been published on Finnish research-based teacher education. The findings, first, point to the discursive insertion of research into Finnish teacher education as a strategy through which to fabricate the teacher as autonomous and as emancipated from tradition. Secondly, the analysis addresses how an array of different significations of research are mobilised in the governing of the teacher as researcher. Thirdly, the analysis draws attention to the Lutheran Protestant legacy of the tradition of Bildung that has influenced the weak incentive for social and political orientations in Finnish teacher education. The effects of a scientific approach to teacher education are visible in the ways research-based teacher education comes to evoke specific teacher inner qualities and dispositions that are aligned with humanist aspirations and ideals for education and social progress. The study provides an alternative way for perceiving of and problematizing research-based teacher education as well as of the often uneasy relationship between teacher training and the university. In this way, the study attempts to complicate conversations and open up alternative ways of engaging with academic knowledge and practices in teacher education curriculum and research. / Tiivistelmä Suomalaista kasvatusta koskevissa tutkimuksen, poliittisten linjausten, opetussuunnitelmien ja käytänteiden diskursseissa viitataan usein akateemiseen, tieteelliseen, tutkimusperustaiseen opettajankoulutukseen. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan 1970-luvun tieteellistämisuudistuksen käynnistämää, nykymuotoisen tutkimusperustaisen opettajankoulutuksen diskurssia. Tutkimus ammentaa foucault’laisista genealogian ja hallinnan tutkimuksen lähestymistavoista. Tutkimustehtävänä on tarkastella “tutkimuksen” ilmenemismuotoja nykyisessä suomalaisessa opettajankoulutuksessa sekä näiden diskursiivisia vaikutuksia. Tutkimuskysymykset ovat: 1. Millä tavoin opettajasubjektiviteetit ja käsitykset “tutkimuksesta” rakentuvat, mobilisoituvat ja asettuvat toisiinsa nähden tutkimusperustaisen opettajankoulutuksen diskurssissa Suomessa? 2. Millaiset yhteiskunnalliset ihanteet määrittävät suomalaisen opettajankoulutuksen pyrkimyksiä kohti tutkivaa opettajuutta ja tutkimusperustaista opettajankoulutusta? Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan akateemisia julkaisuja suomalaisesta tutkimusperustaisesta opettajankoulutuksesta. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat “tutkimuksen” ilmentymisen suomalaisessa opettajankoulutuksessa strategiana, jonka kautta tuotetaan autonomisia opettajasubjekteja ja emansipoidaan opettaja tradition vallasta. Toiseksi analyysi tuo näkyviin, millä tavoin “tutkimuksen” eri merkitykset tulevat valjastetuiksi tutkivan opettajan hallinnassa. Kolmanneksi analyysi kiinnittää huomiota luterilaisen protestantismin vaikutuksiin sivistysajattelussa, mikä selittää suomalaisen opettajankoulutuksen heikkoa yhteiskunnallista ja poliittista orientaatiota. Tieteellisen lähestymistavan vaikutukset opettajankoulutukseen ilmenevät siinä, miten tutkimusperustainen opettajankoulutus tulee herättäneeksi opettajan sisäisiä ominaisuuksia ja mielenlaatuja, joita määrittävät humanistiset ideaalit kasvatuksesta ja yhteiskunnallisesta edistyksestä. Tutkimus tarjoaa vaihtoehtoisen tavan hahmottaa ja kyseenalaistaa tutkimusperustaista opettajankoulutusta sekä opettajankoulutuksen ja yliopiston usein ongelmallista suhdetta. Näinollen tutkimus pyrkii syventämään keskusteluja ja avaamaan vaihtoehtoisia tapoja tarkastella akateemista tietoa ja käytänteitä niin opettajankoulutuksen opetussuunnitelman kuin tutkimuksen osalta.