Notre étude traite de l’enseignement de la statistique auprès des élèves du cycle III de l’école primaire, en France et plus précisément, porte sur la question de l’éducation statistique et de la formation de l’esprit statistique. Après avoir précisé les notions de fait statistique, pensée statistique et esprit statistique, nous avons analysé dans une deuxième partie, les difficultés rencontrées actuellement par cet enseignement, au travers de l’évolution des programmes scolaires de l’école primaire, des représentations des étudiants en Sciences de l’éducation, des professeurs des écoles, des élèves, ainsi que dans une perspective de continuité des contenus scolaires au fil des cycles de l’école primaire et du collège. Dans une troisième partie, nous avons observé les manuels scolaires de mathématiques des élèves du cycle III. L’ensemble fait ressortir des invariants : tendance à convertir en opérations arithmétiques des situations implicitement statistiques, pauvreté d’emploi des registres sémiotiques et des parcours sémiotiques, standardisation des formes de représentation et des tâches réclamées aux élèves, etc., mais surtout, nous avons pu établir un parallèle avec une dernière recherche portant sur les manuels de préparation au Concours de Recrutement des Professeurs des Écoles. Nous en avons conclu que c’était la perception commune, y compris celle de l’Institution scolaire, à propos de l’enseignement / apprentissage de la statistique qu’il fallait faire évoluer.Notre travail prend appui sur la théorie des situations didactiques de Guy Brousseau, sur celle des champs conceptuels et des travaux de Gérard Vergnaud traitant de la conceptualisation, sur la transposition didactique et sur l’institutionnalisation des savoirs par Yves Chevallard, sur les recherches de Jean-Claude Régnier concernant la didactique de la statistique, ainsi que sur celles de Raymond Duval portant sur le rôle des registres sémiotiques dans l’apprentissage de l’élève. / Our study is about the teaching of statistics to third cycle pupils in French primary schools, and more precisely, about the issue of statistical education and training of the statistical mind. In part I, we clarify the notions of statistical fact, statistical thinking and the statistical mind. We then analyze in part II the difficulties this teaching is currently faced with, due to the constant change of syllabus in primary schools, scrutinizing how future teachers, primary school teachers and pupils conceive statistics, aiming to reach continuity in the curricula from primary school all the way through to the end of secondary school. In part III, we dissect mathematics textbooks pupils use in the third cycle. This minute analysis highlights permanent features: tendency to convert implicitly statistical situations into arithmetical calculations; poor use of semiotic registers and semiotic learning paths; standardization of how statistics are represented and of the tasks required from the pupils and so on. Above all, we were able to draw a parallel with another of our researches exploring the textbooks that prepare school teachers for the competitive entry examination. Our conclusion is that the way the teaching and learning of statistics is generally perceived – also by the state education system - needs to be thoroughly reconsidered.Our work is supported by Guy Brousseau’s theory of didactical situations, by Gérard Vergnaud’s studies about conceptual fields and conceptualization, by Yves Chevallard’s theory of didactical transposition and institutionalization of knowledge, by Jean-Claude Régnier’s research on didactics of statistics and by Raymond Duval’s work on semiotic registers in a child’s learning.

Orientador: Eunice Ribeiro Henriques / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T09:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goldstein_AndreasFranz_M.pdf: 556636 bytes, checksum: d3672e6a3d2af55cdfd69ffc621ec36f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho é um estudo de caso que utiliza uma abordagem interpretativa, a partir do ponto de vista etnográfico. Sua sustentação teórica inclui (1) discurso de sala de aula, de acordo com Zuengler & Mori, (2) contexto e cultura em ensino de línguas, conforme Kramsch, (3) interações dialógicas na sala de aula, a partir de Nassaji & Wells e (4) comunicação intercultural, segundo Hinnenkamp, Damen e Janzen. O objetivo central é analisar o chamado DFU (ensino de alemão, baseado em conteúdos), que visa à integração entre língua e conteúdo programático (história, geografia, música, ciências e artes). Os participantes são professores de alemão (inclusive o próprio pesquisador) e estudantes brasileiros em contexto bilíngüe. Os objetivos são (1) examinar o projeto DFU e (2) analisar a interação professor/aluno na sala de aula DFU, identificando as suas características discursivas essenciais. Os dados foram obtidos através de gravações de vídeo, questionários, entrevistas e notas de campo. Para atingir os objetivos centrais, o foco recai, primeiramente, sobre as vantagens essenciais e as limitações do projeto DFU; em seguida, sobre as diretrizes para a interação professor/aluno, de acordo com a abordagem comunicativa; e, finalmente, sobre aquelas características culturais e individuais dos participantes que, de fato, influenciam ou afetam a comunicação intercultural. Os resultados mostram que o sucesso do projeto DFU depende de duas questões essenciais: língua e conteúdo. A primeira deve se adequar ao nível de proficiência dos alunos e às suas necessidades individuais; e o outro deve ser dinâmico e motivador. Além disso, o(a) professor(-a) deve tentar desempenhar o papel de facilitador(-a) e de observador(-a) atento(-a) do progresso dos alunos. Em vez de enfatizar a correção, ele(-a) deveria se preocupar primordialmente com a interação. Finalmente, para facilitar a comunicação intercultural, é importante que professores e alunos estejam atentos para os traços culturais de cada um e, também, para as diferenças entre os indivíduos, os grupos e as culturas / Abstract: The present work is a case study that uses an interpretive approach from an ethnographic perspective. Its theoretical underpinnings include (1) Zuengler & Mori's classroom discourse, (2) Kramsch's context and culture in language teaching, (3) Nassaji & Wells' dialogic classroom interactions and (4) Hinnenkamp's, Damen's and Janzen's intercultural communication. Its main purpose is to analyze the so-called DFU (content-based instruction of German), which aims at integrating language and content-based material (history, geography, music, sciences and arts). The participants are teachers of German (including the researcher himself) and Brazilian students in a bilingual context. The objectives are (1) to examine the DFU project and (2) to analyze teacher/student interaction in the DFU classroom, identifying the essential characteristics of the DFU classroom discourse. Data were obtained by means of video recordings, questionnaires, interviews and field notes. In order to reach the main goals, the focus is directed, first, to the essential advantages and shortcomings of the DFU project; then, to the guidelines for teacher/student interaction, in accordance with the communicative approach; and finally, to certain cultural and individual characteristics of the participants that do influence or affect intercultural communication. The results show that the success of the DFU project depends on two main issues: language and content. The former should fit students' proficiency level and individual needs, and the latter should be dynamic and motivating. In addition, the teacher should try to play the role of a facilitator and of a keen observer of the students' progress. Instead of emphasizing correctness, (s)he should be concerned primarily with interaction. Finally, in order to improve intercultural communication, it is important for teachers and students to be aware of each other's cultural traits and also of the differences between individuals, groups and cultures / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian da Silva Lobato.pdf: 3240304 bytes, checksum: 7ce92c6c52e7250f20e4bc9be8f09f37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study proposes to answer the question: how is the daily life in Instituto de Educação do Estado do Pará IEEP re-lived based on the memory of its protagonists, teachers and pupils, from the period between the 1940 s and 1970 ? . The theretical-methodological reference is based upon the studies by Ecléa Bosi (1994; 2003) on memory and upon the theory on social memory by Maurice Halbwachs (1993). First of all documental research was carried out, so as to anchor IEEP s subjects , teachers and pupils narratives; then, data were collected on how the teachers remember and interpret IEEP in its various aspects, based on semi-structured interviews. In IEEP s archive and in the Belém Public Archive, record cards were found containing bureaucratic information on teachers and pupils, subject syllabi and some curricula for the course. The interviews were mostly one-to-one, some were conducted in pairs, with former pupils and teachers. The data was grouped according to categories of meaning and the content analyzed according to the theoreticalmethodological referential adopted for the research. Results show that IEEP was a space for education which aimed to strictly ensure content learning, but was also a cheerful coexistence space, where strong friendship bonds were established. The respondents narratives, spontaneously recreated the games, leisure and friends, more so than content. Responses regarding education and psychology in general are short. The curriculum provided deep theoretical education; while Law 4024/61 was in force, the curricular grid was more propaedeutical and encyclopaedic; under Law No. 5692/71, curricular education was slightly emptied as a consequence of the military regime, but still provided solid theoretical knowledge. Both assessment process and teaching attitudes are considered, respectively, traditional and strict by respondents, yet, it is important to stress that that was the paradigm at the time and the role prescribed for the teacher. However, the strictness of the curriculum, assessment and teachers demands are not perceived as absolutely negative by respondents, but rather as care for their learning. It is important to underline that the respondents show a loving longing for the educational mood at IEEP, given the school gave them quality education, which enabled them to enter the job market in good conditions, as well as providing them with information relating to practice, leisure, cultural insertion and friendships, in short, complete education, so publicized by the education theories in vogue today / O presente estudo propõe-se a responder à questão: como o cotidiano do Instituto de Educação do Estado do Pará IEEP é revivido a partir da memória de suas protagonistas, professoras e alunas, no período compreendido entre as décadas de 1940 e 1970? . O referencial teórico-metodológico está assentado nos estudos de Ecléa Bosi (1994; 2003) sobre memória e na teoria sobre memória social de Maurice Halbwachs (1993). Foi realizada, primeiramente, uma pesquisa documental, com a finalidade de ancorar as narrativas dos sujeitos, professoras e alunas do IEEP; em seguida, foram coletados os dados sobre como as professoras se recordam e interpretam o IEEP em seus vários aspectos, a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. No Arquivo do IEEP e no Arquivo Público de Belém foram encontrados: fichas contendo informações burocráticas sobre professores e alunos, planos de disciplinas e alguns currículos do curso. As entrevistas foram, na maioria, individuais e algumas em dupla com ex-alunas e ex-professoras do Instituto. Os dados foram agrupados segundo categorias de significados, e o conteúdo foi analisado segundo o referencial teórico-metodológico adotado para a pesquisa. Os resultados demonstram que o IEEP era um espaço de estudo, que visava garantir rigorosamente a aprendizagem dos conteúdos, mas também era um espaço alegre de convívio, onde se faziam fortes laços de amizade. As narrativas das entrevistadas, espontaneamente, mais se remetem às brincadeiras, lazer e amizades, do que aos conteúdos. As respostas sobre a formação e sobre a psicologia em especial são curtas. O currículo proporcionava uma formação teórica profunda; durante a vigência da Lei 4024/61, a grade curricular era mais propedêutica e enciclopédica; na vigência da Lei n. 5692/71, a formação curricular foi um pouco esvaziada em consequência do regime militar, mas, mesmo assim, ainda proporcionava um sólido conhecimento teórico. Tanto o processo avaliativo, quanto as atitudes docentes são consideradas, respectivamente, tradicionais e rígidas pelas entrevistadas; contudo, é importante destacar que esse era o paradigma da época e a função prescrita para o professor. Entretanto, a rigidez do currículo, da avaliação, das cobranças docentes não é percebida como absolutamente negativas pelas entrevistadas, mas como zelo por sua aprendizagem. É importante destacar que as entrevistadas mostram-se saudosas do clima educacional do IEEP, posto que a escola proporcionou-lhes formação de qualidade, que lhes permitiu ingressar no mercado de trabalho com condições de bem exercê-la, bem como proporcionou conteúdos articulados com a prática, lazer, inserção cultural e amizades, enfim, uma formação completa, tão propalada nas teorias educacionais em voga

The Master's Thesis addresses prevention of the burnout syndrome in regards to teachers at special needs primary schools. These teachers work with pupils with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities, multiple disabilities and autism spectrum disorders. The theoretical part of the paper deals with the causes, risk factors, and prevention possibilities of the burnout syndrome. It deals with the burnout syndrome as a general phenomenon which affects the entire population. It furthermore addresses the risk of a burnout in teachers and the risk-factor specifics of this group. Furthermore, it outlines the specifics of education at primary schools for pupils with special needs. This part provides needed foundation for the actual research. The practical part of the thesis contains an analysis of a research conducted at a specific primary special school. For the research, I used the qualitative design method in the form of interviews. The interviews were conducted with five teachers and the director of the Kindergarten and Primary Special School Diakonie ČCE. The aim of the research was to collect data regarding the risk factors and experiences with prevention of a burnout, that from the individual standpoints of the teachers' approaches as well as from the perspective of the management of the school....