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Commercial education, or, as it is more recently called, Business education, is becoming increasingly important in Quebec. Some aspects have been taught for many years in the high schools of this province, but for the most part educators have concentrated more on the college-preparatory teaching. [...]

This thesis is an interpretation of the meaning of a professional development project for six high school English teachers in a small, rural jurisdiction. The project design attempts to incorporate guidelines for effective professional development, especially in regard to the way in which authority influences the experience. This study is a case study from a naturalistic inquiry perspective using thnographic techniques. Further, the methodology is educative in the sense that the study was intended to change the situation studied. The analysis attempts to articulate the voices of various authorties in this professional development activity: the voice of leadership, the voice of the collective, the voice of external influences, and the voice of the individual participant. As a professional development activity, this studyindicates that, for the participating teachers, self-directed professional development created conditions conducive to change. Although the voices of professional development authority are incomplete and contradictory, this study provides a view of the landscape of teacher change and growth that is shaped by professional development guidelines concerning function, governance, cultural milieu, leadership, and reflection. These conclusions suggest ways for researchers, administrators, teacher leaders and teachers.to enhance professional development. / 174 leaves ; 29 cm.

The purpose ofthis qualitative, multi-case, and longitudinal study was to examine how doctoral students’ experiences of the doctorate influence their emerging academic identities. The development of academic identities is often alluded to in higher education research as the heart of the doctoral pursuit. There is, however, little information on how the activities of the doctorate, particularly everyday student experiences, contribute to the emergence of academic identities. The guiding framework for this study was a social-psychological role identity perspective, blended with elements of Activity Theory. Through this combined view, identity is constructed through and embedded in interpersonal relationships, with identity emerging as a property of interactions with others. Data for the study were collected over a two year period. Nine Education doctoral students participated by tracking their experiences for a particular week every month across four academic semesters (15 months) and then discussed these in interviews at the end of each year. These students were selected from a larger sample based on their explicit aim to pursue academic careers upon completion of their degrees. [...] / Cette étude de cas multiples, à la fois qualitative et longitudinale, a permis d’examiner chez des doctorants comment l’expérience au quotidien de leur programme d’études influençait l’émergence d’une identité universitaire. Dans le domaine des recherches portant sur l’enseignement supérieur, on réfère souvent au développement d’une identité universitaire comme étant au coeur même de l’expérience doctorale. Il existe toutefois peu d’informations qui précisent comment les activités inhérentes au doctorat, notamment les expériences vécues au quotidien par les doctorants, contribuent à l’émergence de cette identité universitaire. Le cadre d’analyse de cette recherche s’est élaboré autour d’une perspective socio-psychologique du rôle identitaire amalgamée avec des éléments de la théorie de l’activité humaine. Examinée de ce double point de vue, l’identité se construit au fil des relations interpersonnelles et s’y intègre. L’identité se révèle ainsi comme une propriété des relations avec les autres personnes. Les données de cette étude ont été amassées sur une période de deux ans. Chaque mois, l’expérience quotidienne de neuf doctorants en éducation était documentée pendant une semaine complète. À la fin de chaque année scolaire, ces expériences ont été discutées dans le cadre d’entrevues. Ces doctorants ont été sélectionnés à partir d’un échantillon plus large d’étudiants au doctorat en raison de leur intention explicite de s’engager dans une carrière universitaire à la fin de leur programme d’études. [...]

The purpose of this research was to gain an understanding of how music education students come to think of themselves as music educators. Guided by the thematic framework, "learning from experience", which draws upon research relating to constructivist theory and biographical inquiry, as well as literature pertaining to construction of images of self, this study explored four music education students' perceptions of themselves as musicians and as educators. Believing that self-perceptions are rooted in personal biographies, autobiographical and journal writings were investigated to establish links between participants' perceptions and biographies. Issues encountered by participants as they began to think of themselves as music educators were uncovered. / Participants' perceptions of their "selves" were rooted in childhood memories and models of practice. They interpreted, internalized and practised the tacit expectations of their models of practice. Subsequently, participants' images of self-as-musicians and self-as-educators were connected by a common thread, that of image of self. Participants who viewed self-as-performer encountered conflict between their identities as musician and as educator. Other participants constructed images of self-as-participants. As such, they experienced a sense of unity and resonance between their identities as musicians and as educators. / Issues directly related to their self-perceptions surfaced as participants began to think of themselves as music educators. The study considered the implication of these issues for teaching practice, and the relationship between these issues and preservice teacher training. This study concludes with a discussion of research implications and directions for reforming music teacher education.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1984. / In any consideration of teacher education reforms, priority should be given to an examination of the formative forces and determinant factors which have combined to influence and shape the existing structure of the teacher education system of the country concerned. This study spans the development of teacher education in Transkei from the early days of simple tribal community education through the era of missionary endeavour and the colonial peried to the application of the Nationalist Government's policy of separate development to education in the country. The main thrust of the investigation, however, is concerned with the achievement of independent internal administration and the granting of sovereign independence in 1976 and their effects upon teacher education. Considerable attention is devoted to the period of independence and the respective roles of the University of Transkei and the Government Department of Education in the development of a new approach to teacher education in the Republic of Transkei. Teacher education in the post-independence era is not properly planned, is fragmented and split into a bewildering number of agencies. Problems of co-ordination between the University of Transkei and the Colleges for the education of teachers and between the University and the Government Department of Education, point to an urgent need for an effective instrument of College-University affiliation which will replace the existing Affiliated College Board and make possible the establishment of cordial wholesome interpersonal and institutional relationships. Acomparative study of models of affiliation which have been tried in some selected countries of the world is provided in order to suggest possible alternatives. The role of the University in teacher education is examined in some considerable detail and central to this is the analysis of the concepts of 'Africanisation' and 'pragmatisation'. The study of the curricula and courses offered by the University of Transkei reveals that their current proliferation is not the answer. It is instead the improvement, modification, careful implementation and consolidation of existing programmes which are required. Other issues which arise in this connection are the overloading and improper weighting of courses, lack of organic unity amongst them and sound co-ordination in their design and implementation, readiness to accept and adopt without modification every innovation in the RepUblic of South Africa and the low quality of College lecturers. The final upshot of the study is a recommendation in respect of a National policy for the education of teachers based upon aims and objectives which are clearly outlined. Priorities formulated in a smaller number of general categories are determined and it is recommended that these be adhered to in the strictest style. Effective communication between institutions and organisations concerned with teacher education, involving, in the main, radical changes in the Affiliated College Board structure and recognition of the status of the Colleges, is strongly recommended. To achieve these ends, a firm proposal is made for the creation of: (i) A Teacher Education Division within the Government Department of Education; (ii) A Professional Planning Council representative of all bodies concerned; (iii) An Institute of Education based on the English model to replace the existing Affiliated College Board, and representative of all the institutions concerned. A view is stressed, however, that an approach to the solution of the major teacher education problems identified. will to a great extent depend not only on the institution of the proposed structure. but also on the will cordial wholesome interpersonal and institutional relationships and commitment. It is suggested that this should be implemented without delay.

This study, in a sense, mirrors the attitudes of the society in which it is based towards a fundamental pedagogical task, that of the preparation of its teachers, Almost throughout the Western world, the concept of elementary education for all was accepted as a responsibility of the society with little thought being given to the preparation of teachers to make the concept a reality. From this emerged, with the dichotomy of full education for a privileged elite, and basic education for the mass of society, the widespread idea that elementary school teachers stood in need of professional training while secondary schoolmasters required only a thorough grounding in academic studies in the university. It has only been with the full realisation about the middle decades of this century of the need for education at secondary school level for all members of society, that the necessity for a welleducated teaching force has become an accepted reality. With this has come the acceptance of teacher education as an essential pre-requisite of a national system of education rather than merely a poor and somewhat depressed Cinderella of the school system. Part One of this survey therefore seeks to examine the origins and early development of systems for the preparation of teachers in the days before the unification of the states of South Africa. Part Two carries on the historical investigation and the growing moves towards the professionalisation of teacher education up to the middle of the present century. Central to the development of this theme is the major problem of constitutional provision for the control of education in the Union of South Africa. The resultant lack of a national policy for education in general and teacher education in particular sets the stage for the second two parts of the survey. Part Three endeavours on a highly selective basis to examine some of the problems which confront the teacher educator and the educational planner at the present time, concentrating in particular upon aspects of demography and the supply of teachers, as well as the nature of the courses offered. The final section of the study examines the reform period of South African education at elementary and secondary school levels represented by the legislation of the decade of the 'sixties. In particular the proposals of the National Education Policy Act of 1967, and its amendment of 1969, regarding the structure of teacher education in this country are examined. Finally, proposals are made with regard to the implementation of this policy in the present decade. Inevitably as this investigation has proceeded, as the power of the researcher's lens has been increased, so the breadth of the study has been replaced by depth. The depth has not been consistent, reflecting the personal predelictions of the investigator. An attempt has been made to examine aspects of the preparation of teachers for the White group only. Previous experience of an investigation into a much more restricted field than is represented by South Africa revealed the practical impossibility feaiofa wider study than this. Can such a study have any function in the educational literature of the society? This is a question which is of concern to every researcher in the field of the social sciences. For the first time since the creation of Union in 1910, and the framing of the famous but ambiguous phrase in Section 85 of the South Africa Act, this country has been able to contemplate the formulation of a national education policy. The relationships between institutions and authorities charged with the preparation of teachers has in the past largely been based on divisive and separatist tendencies. If a national education policy is to be securely based, it must have at its core a teacher force which is committed to its implementation. It is in the hope that teacher education may be based upon policies which draw institutions and authorities together upon a professional basis of common interest rather than upon the coercive effect of ministerial edict that this study may have some slight value. It is in this spirit that it has been undertaken. / No abstract available / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1971.