Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 soares_mn_me_bauru.pdf: 819080 bytes, checksum: 244c5110b8ebf66c37081de047d11051 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo teve como problemática investigar os sentidos educativos, que os formandos dos cursos de Licenciatura de Ciências Biológicas de duas universidades públicas, possuem sobre o ensino de Biologia e sobre a trajetória formativa obtida na graduação. Bem como os possíveis porquês destes sentidos, com vistas à obtenção de subsídios para se repensar a formação inicial de professores à luz da perspectiva crítica. Para tanto, num primeiro momento da pesquisa, balizados metodologicamente pela abordagem da pesquisa qualitativa, de tipo estudo exploratório, aplicamos questionários e, em seguida, num segundo momento, realizamos algumas entrevistas com alguns formatos previamente selecionados, com base nas dimensões constituídas a partir das análises mais gerais de nosso primeiro instrumento de pesquisa. As contribuições filosófico-educacionais do pensamento freireano e frankfurtiano, principalmente de Theodor Adorno, bem como os pressupostos do modelo docente dos intelectuais críticos de Giroux (1997) e as considerações críticas sobre o currículo, como as de Appel (2006), balizaram nossas análises e discussões. Delas, constatamos, dentre outras questões, que os sentidos educativos relacionados às compreensões que os licenciandos possuem sobre o ensino de Biologia, sobre os papéis dos educadores e da trajetória formativa se aproximam, tanto de uma visão crítica, progressista e transformadora, quanto de seu contrário, isto é, de uma perspectiva mais ingênua, pragmática, pendendo mais para a adaptação. O modelo da racionalidade técnica e instrumental na formação docente, embora hegemônico, não é único e exclusivo, concorrendo com outros espaços dentro e fora da universidade que oportunizam vivências contra-hegemônicas, como por exemplo, no movimento estudantil da biologia. A partir de uma reflexão das vozes dos licenciandos entrevistados... / The present study had as problem to investigate educative meaning that pre-services of Biology Science of two public universities in Brazil has about teaching Biology and trajectory formative obtained in the graduate course, and the possible reasons of these meanings to subsidize to rethinking the pre-service teaching education supported by critical perspective. Thus, in a first moment of the research, according with qualitative research methodology, as exploratory study, we applied questionnaires for all. In the second moment, we realized some interviews with some previously pre-services selected in base on some dimensions constituted according general analysis of our first instrumental. The philosophical-educational constributions of Freire´s approach and Adorno's approach as well as the base of the Giroux's thinking about teachers as intellectual and the considerations of Appel concerning curriculum subsidized our discussions and analysis. It's become possible to uncover that educative meanings presents in understanding of pre-services about teaching Biology, roles of educators, and trajectory formative experimented in the graduate course are, in on hand, critical, pregressives, and linked with transformation's perspectives of education, and in the other hand are more innocent and pragmatic, linked with adaptation's perspectives of educations. The model of instrumental and technical rationality in the teaching education, although hegemonic, it's isn't unique and exclusive. There are other spaces inside and out of university where pre-services has living resisting-experiences, for example, students movements in Biology. Based on reflection of voices of pre-services interviewed, we constituted five groups of suggestions as indicators to rethink, in future proposes in teaching education under focuses of critical curriculum... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This dissertation is oriented on how to use interests of my region in our schools. It contents elaboration of naturally orientated topics for teaching at the first grade. This work should be mainly used for pupil 4 and 5 class. Its part are two excursions, two walks and two lessons. For the planned activities are prepared worksheets with exercises.

Esse trabalho compreendeu a avaliação do impacto do jogo Sintetizando Proteínas sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de alunos do ensino médio e sua compreensão conceitual a respeito do tema proteínas, fundamentados na teoria sócio-interacionista de Vygotsky. Os conceitos formulados pelos alunos foram coletados em três etapas diferentes: a primeira, anterior à aplicação do jogo, por meio de um questionário diagnóstico e uma pré-entrevista; a segunda, durante o jogo, por meio de gravações áudio-visuais; a terceira, posterior à aplicação do jogo, por meio de uma pós-entrevista. Os dados levantados pelo questionário diagnóstico permitiram detectar algumas tendências do pensar dos alunos com relação ao conceito de proteína: a) tendência em definir genericamente o papel das proteínas; b) tendência dos alunos em associar proteínas aos alimentos de origem animal; c) tendência em entenderem as proteínas apenas como construtoras de tecidos, portanto uma função prioritariamente estrutural. A análise e interpretação dos dados referentes às pré e pós-entrevistas e das transcrições das gravações áudio-visuais nos mostraram que as interações ocorridas durante o jogo tiveram um importante papel na evolução de alguns conceitos antes incompreendidos pelos alunos. Dessa forma o jogo, enquanto um modelo que simula o processo de síntese protéica dentro da célula, proporcionou aos alunos experiências que os permitiram vivenciar esse processo, estabelecendo uma ponte entre o abstrato e o concreto, possibilitando aos mesmos o alcance de níveis de desenvolvimento mais elevados e a evolução de conceitos antes incompreendidos. / The main goal of this study was evaluating the impact of the game Synthesizing Proteins on the teaching-learning process of high school students and their conceptual understanding on the subject proteins, based on Vygotskys sociointeractionist theory. The concepts of the students were collected in three different stages: before the application of the game, using a diagnostic questionnaire and a pre-interview; during the game, by means of audio-visual recordings; after the application of the game, by a post-interview. The data raised from the diagnostic questionnaire had allowed to detect some trends of students thinking with regard to the protein concept: a) the trend in generically defining the role of proteins to the organism (human) b) students trend in only associating proteins to foods of animal origin c) trend in only understanding proteins as tissue constructors, so a function primarily structural. The analysis and interpretation of data collected by pre- and post-interviews and the transcripts of the audio-visual recordings showed that the interactions occurred during the game had an important role in the evolution of some concepts that were previously misunderstood by students. Thus, the game as a model that simulates the process of protein synthesis inside the cell, allowed the students experience this process, establishing a bridge between the abstract and concrete and allowing them to achieve high levels of development.

Este trabalho se caracteriza por ser uma proposta de intervenção pedagógica construtivista, que utiliza as ideias de Jean Piaget sobre a construção do conhecimento, como diretrizes para alcançar a aprendizagem. Espera-se permitir a aprendizagem de um conteúdo específico da Ciência, que é o Sistema Circulatório (SC) e, ao mesmo tempo, a compreensão do processo de construção do conhecimento científico. Para atingir esses objetivos de aprendizagem foi construída uma sequência didática (SD). Essa SD conta com estratégias para permitir que os estudantes aprendam um conteúdo específico (SC), e participem de atividades que envolvem a História da Ciência (HC). A SD procura fatos pontuais que mostram a construção dos conceitos científicos sobre o SC, e que acima de tudo, destacam o caráter descontínuo da evolução da Ciência, entremeados por erros e acertos, ambos essenciais para prosseguir. A SD foi aplicada em um curso piloto, e os materiais produzidos pelos estudantes durante as intervenções propostas foram analisados de acordo com a \"análise discursiva textual\", no intuito de avaliar a aprendizagem em desenvolvimento e a propriedade das intervenções dentro da SD. Esta modalidade de análise foi tomada para adequar-se à natureza dos dados que se apresentavam, caracterizando uma pesquisa qualitativa. A primeira intervenção da SD foi a sondagem das concepções prévias dos estudantes, por meio de discussões em sala de aula. A segunda foi um momento de atividade prática, em que os estudantes puderam manipular nosso objeto de estudo (o elemento coração no SC). Eles receberam vários corações de galinha, e deviam analisá-los; fazer anotações e desenhos do que eles estavam observando. Depois de expressarem suas ideias, e explorarem algo concreto do SC, os estudantes receberam textos que traziam ideias distintas sobre o funcionamento deste sistema, formuladas por diferentes \"pensadores\" ao longo da HC. Muitas dessas ideias eram semelhantes às dos estudantes e outras bem distintas. Em seguida uma linha do tempo lhes foi apresentada, onde apareciam todos os pensadores dos textos anteriores, localizados na sua época. A última intervenção foi uma aula expositiva-dialogada e prática, mostrando como compreendemos o SC hoje. Depois de expor como a Ciência defende o funcionamento do SC atualmente, o coração de boi foi utilizado para mostrar estruturas importantes do coração. Foi possível perceber que existe uma forte relação entre as ideias dos estudantes e as encontradas na literatura histórica a respeito desse conteúdo. A SD permitiu em vários momentos que os estudantes fossem atores de seus próprios conhecimentos, manipulassem estruturas concretas, e tivessem acesso a ideias distintas a respeito do funcionamento do SC - muitas delas, para o contexto atual, consideradas erradas. Com isso eles se relacionaram melhor com a ideia do erro, presente tanto no contexto da HC, como no ambiente de sala de aula, o que favoreceu o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em uma perspectiva construtivista. / This work is characterized by a constructivist pedagogical intervention proposal that makes use of Jean Piaget\'s ideas of knowledge construction as ways to reach learning. It is expected that learning about a specific Science content, such as the circulatory system may be enabled simultaneously with an understanding of the scientific knowledge construction process. A didactic sequence (DS) was elaborated in order to fulfill these two learning objectives. This DS contains strategies to lead students to learn a specific content (SC) and participate in activities that involve the History of Science (HC). The DS calls the attention to points that show the building up of scientific knowledge about SC stressing the discontinuous character of science evolution with sequences of misses and hits that are both essential for progress. SD was applied to a pilot course and materials produced by students during the proposed interventions have been analysed according to the \"textual discursive analysis\", aiming to an evaluation of ongoing learning and the adequacy of interventions within the SD. This kind of analysis was used to be adequate to the nature of data, characterizing a qualitative investigation. The first DS intervention was the investigation about student\'s previous conceptions by means of classroom discussions. The second intervention involved a practice activity when students could handle our study object (the heart element at SC). They received several hicken hearts that they should analyse writing notes and drawing sketches of what was being observed. After expressing their ideas and some concrete exploration about SC, students received texts containing different ideas about his scheme that had been written by several intellectuals along HS. Many of these ideas were similar to those of students but others were quite different. Then a timeline was presented to them where all the previous texts intellectuals appeared in their epoch. The last intervention was an expositive class with dialogues and practice showing how SC is presently understood. A cow heart was then used to show the important heart structures. Is has been possible to onclude that there is a strong relation between students ideas and those that may be found in historical literature about this subject. DS often enabled students to be the actors of their own knowledge, handling concrete structures and having access to different ideas about the heart functioning- some of them to be considered as wrong in the present context. This situation led them to improvement in the idea of errors that are present in HS context but also in the classroom and this favored the teaching and learning process from a constructivist perspective.

Orientador: Renato Eugênio da Silva Diniz / Banca: Antonio Fernando Gouveia da Silva / Banca: Washington Luiz Pacheco de Carvalho / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como problemática investigar os sentidos educativos, que os formandos dos cursos de Licenciatura de Ciências Biológicas de duas universidades públicas, possuem sobre o ensino de Biologia e sobre a trajetória formativa obtida na graduação. Bem como os possíveis porquês destes sentidos, com vistas à obtenção de subsídios para se repensar a formação inicial de professores à luz da perspectiva crítica. Para tanto, num primeiro momento da pesquisa, balizados metodologicamente pela abordagem da pesquisa qualitativa, de tipo estudo exploratório, aplicamos questionários e, em seguida, num segundo momento, realizamos algumas entrevistas com alguns formatos previamente selecionados, com base nas dimensões constituídas a partir das análises mais gerais de nosso primeiro instrumento de pesquisa. As contribuições filosófico-educacionais do pensamento freireano e frankfurtiano, principalmente de Theodor Adorno, bem como os pressupostos do modelo docente dos intelectuais críticos de Giroux (1997) e as considerações críticas sobre o currículo, como as de Appel (2006), balizaram nossas análises e discussões. Delas, constatamos, dentre outras questões, que os sentidos educativos relacionados às compreensões que os licenciandos possuem sobre o ensino de Biologia, sobre os papéis dos educadores e da trajetória formativa se aproximam, tanto de uma visão crítica, progressista e transformadora, quanto de seu contrário, isto é, de uma perspectiva mais ingênua, pragmática, pendendo mais para a adaptação. O modelo da racionalidade técnica e instrumental na formação docente, embora hegemônico, não é único e exclusivo, concorrendo com outros espaços dentro e fora da universidade que oportunizam vivências contra-hegemônicas, como por exemplo, no movimento estudantil da biologia. A partir de uma reflexão das vozes dos licenciandos entrevistados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study had as problem to investigate educative meaning that pre-services of Biology Science of two public universities in Brazil has about teaching Biology and trajectory formative obtained in the graduate course, and the possible reasons of these meanings to subsidize to rethinking the pre-service teaching education supported by critical perspective. Thus, in a first moment of the research, according with qualitative research methodology, as exploratory study, we applied questionnaires for all. In the second moment, we realized some interviews with some previously pre-services selected in base on some dimensions constituted according general analysis of our first instrumental. The philosophical-educational constributions of Freire's approach and Adorno's approach as well as the base of the Giroux's thinking about teachers as intellectual and the considerations of Appel concerning curriculum subsidized our discussions and analysis. It's become possible to uncover that educative meanings presents in understanding of pre-services about teaching Biology, roles of educators, and trajectory formative experimented in the graduate course are, in on hand, critical, pregressives, and linked with transformation's perspectives of education, and in the other hand are more innocent and pragmatic, linked with adaptation's perspectives of educations. The model of instrumental and technical rationality in the teaching education, although hegemonic, it's isn't unique and exclusive. There are other spaces inside and out of university where pre-services has living resisting-experiences, for example, students movements in Biology. Based on reflection of voices of pre-services interviewed, we constituted five groups of suggestions as indicators to rethink, in future proposes in teaching education under focuses of critical curriculum... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

1 Abstract The diploma thesis deals with the educational topic Viruses at a higher level of grammar schools. The theoretical part deals with the inclusion of the topic during school year, analyses available textbooks and other teaching materials, focuses on the theoretical side of the activation methods, and suggests teaching units. In the teaching units it mainly uses activation methods and methods targeting on critical thinking. In the practical part of the proposed teaching unit verifies in teaching, and evaluates their success in terms of the degree of remembering pupils.

<p>У докторској дисертацији је најпре сагледан и анализиран теоријски оквир употребе рачунара, ИКТ и блога у настави. За&nbsp; потребе&nbsp; педагошког&nbsp; експеримента&nbsp; са&nbsp; паралелним&nbsp; групама,&nbsp; креиран&nbsp; је&nbsp; блог&nbsp; Биосоикослогос<br />(www.biosoikoslogos.wordpress.com)&nbsp; на&nbsp; ком&nbsp; су&nbsp; интегрисани&nbsp; садржаји&nbsp; из&nbsp; наставне&nbsp; теме&nbsp; Основи&nbsp; цитологије према Наставном програму биологије за I разред гимназије свих смерова.&nbsp; Узорак истраживања је обухватао 171 ученика подељених у две групе при чему је у Е групи било 85, а у К групи 86 ученика.<br />За&nbsp; потребе&nbsp; педагошког&nbsp; експеримента&nbsp; су&nbsp; креирани&nbsp; тестови&nbsp; знања&nbsp; (иницијални&nbsp; тест,&nbsp; финални&nbsp; тест&nbsp; и ретест) и скала процене о вредностима различитих карактеристика блога. Тестови знања су садржали питања на&nbsp; три&nbsp; нивоа:&nbsp; основни&nbsp; ниво&nbsp; (познавање&nbsp; чињеница),&nbsp; средњи&nbsp; ниво&nbsp; (разумевање&nbsp; појмова)&nbsp; и&nbsp; напредни&nbsp; ниво (анализа и резоновање). На&nbsp; почетку&nbsp; истраживања&nbsp; Е&nbsp; и&nbsp; К&nbsp; група&nbsp; су&nbsp; уједначене&nbsp; иницијалним&nbsp; тестом&nbsp; знања,&nbsp; као&nbsp; и&nbsp; према&nbsp; општем<br />успеху&nbsp; и&nbsp; успеху из биологије.&nbsp; Након иницијалног тестирања ученици Е и К групе су реализовали садржаје наставне&nbsp; теме&nbsp; Основи&nbsp; цитологије&nbsp; различитим&nbsp; моделима&nbsp; наставе,&nbsp; при&nbsp; чему&nbsp; су&nbsp; ученици&nbsp; Е&nbsp; групе&nbsp; користили блог&nbsp; у&nbsp; настави,&nbsp; а&nbsp; ученици&nbsp; К&nbsp; групе&nbsp; су&nbsp; исте&nbsp; садржаје&nbsp; реализовали&nbsp; традиционалном&nbsp; наставом.&nbsp; Након&nbsp; обраде наставне теме Основи цитологије, ученици обе групе су тестирани финалним тестом знања, а месец дана (32 дана)&nbsp; након&nbsp; финалног&nbsp; теста&nbsp; ученици&nbsp; су&nbsp; радили&nbsp; ретест.&nbsp; Након&nbsp; завршених&nbsp; тестирања,&nbsp; ученици&nbsp; Е&nbsp; груп е&nbsp; су попунили&nbsp; скалу&nbsp; процене&nbsp; о&nbsp; вредностима&nbsp; различитих&nbsp; карактеристика&nbsp; блога.&nbsp; Резултати&nbsp; добијени&nbsp; на&nbsp; тествима знања и скали процене су обрађени одговарајућим статистичким методама и представљени на одговарајући<br />начин.Ученици&nbsp; Е&nbsp; групе&nbsp; су&nbsp; постигли&nbsp; статистички&nbsp; значајно&nbsp; боље&nbsp; резултате&nbsp; у&nbsp; односу&nbsp; на&nbsp; ученике&nbsp; К&nbsp; групе&nbsp; на финалном&nbsp; тесту&nbsp; знања&nbsp; и&nbsp; ретесту&nbsp; у&nbsp; целини&nbsp; и&nbsp; на&nbsp; свим&nbsp; нивоима&nbsp; знања&nbsp; појединачно.&nbsp; Такође,&nbsp; резултати&nbsp; су показали&nbsp; да&nbsp; уз&nbsp; примену&nbsp; блога&nbsp; у&nbsp; настави&nbsp; највише&nbsp; напредују&nbsp; напредни&nbsp; ученици,&nbsp; нешто&nbsp; мање&nbsp; просечни ученици,&nbsp; а најмање слаби ученици. Истраживање је, такође, показало да блог једнако доприноси постигнућу из биологије код ученика и ученица.<br />Резултати&nbsp; скале&nbsp; процене&nbsp; су&nbsp; показали&nbsp; да&nbsp; су&nbsp; ученицима&nbsp; најважније&nbsp; оне&nbsp; карактеристике&nbsp; блога&nbsp; које&nbsp; им директно олакшавају учење градива, а нешто мање су им важне карактеристике које им омогућују да док уче размењују искуства са другим ученицима.</p> / <p>U doktorskoj disertaciji je najpre sagledan i analiziran teorijski okvir upotrebe računara, IKT i bloga u nastavi. Za&nbsp; potrebe&nbsp; pedagoškog&nbsp; eksperimenta&nbsp; sa&nbsp; paralelnim&nbsp; grupama,&nbsp; kreiran&nbsp; je&nbsp; blog&nbsp; Biosoikoslogos<br />(www.biosoikoslogos.wordpress.com)&nbsp; na&nbsp; kom&nbsp; su&nbsp; integrisani&nbsp; sadržaji&nbsp; iz&nbsp; nastavne&nbsp; teme&nbsp; Osnovi&nbsp; citologije prema Nastavnom programu biologije za I razred gimnazije svih smerova.&nbsp; Uzorak istraživanja je obuhvatao 171 učenika podeljenih u dve grupe pri čemu je u E grupi bilo 85, a u K grupi 86 učenika.<br />Za&nbsp; potrebe&nbsp; pedagoškog&nbsp; eksperimenta&nbsp; su&nbsp; kreirani&nbsp; testovi&nbsp; znanja&nbsp; (inicijalni&nbsp; test,&nbsp; finalni&nbsp; test&nbsp; i retest) i skala procene o vrednostima različitih karakteristika bloga. Testovi znanja su sadržali pitanja na&nbsp; tri&nbsp; nivoa:&nbsp; osnovni&nbsp; nivo&nbsp; (poznavanje&nbsp; činjenica),&nbsp; srednji&nbsp; nivo&nbsp; (razumevanje&nbsp; pojmova)&nbsp; i&nbsp; napredni&nbsp; nivo (analiza i rezonovanje). Na&nbsp; početku&nbsp; istraživanja&nbsp; E&nbsp; i&nbsp; K&nbsp; grupa&nbsp; su&nbsp; ujednačene&nbsp; inicijalnim&nbsp; testom&nbsp; znanja,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; prema&nbsp; opštem<br />uspehu&nbsp; i&nbsp; uspehu iz biologije.&nbsp; Nakon inicijalnog testiranja učenici E i K grupe su realizovali sadržaje nastavne&nbsp; teme&nbsp; Osnovi&nbsp; citologije&nbsp; različitim&nbsp; modelima&nbsp; nastave,&nbsp; pri&nbsp; čemu&nbsp; su&nbsp; učenici&nbsp; E&nbsp; grupe&nbsp; koristili blog&nbsp; u&nbsp; nastavi,&nbsp; a&nbsp; učenici&nbsp; K&nbsp; grupe&nbsp; su&nbsp; iste&nbsp; sadržaje&nbsp; realizovali&nbsp; tradicionalnom&nbsp; nastavom.&nbsp; Nakon&nbsp; obrade nastavne teme Osnovi citologije, učenici obe grupe su testirani finalnim testom znanja, a mesec dana (32 dana)&nbsp; nakon&nbsp; finalnog&nbsp; testa&nbsp; učenici&nbsp; su&nbsp; radili&nbsp; retest.&nbsp; Nakon&nbsp; završenih&nbsp; testiranja,&nbsp; učenici&nbsp; E&nbsp; grup e&nbsp; su popunili&nbsp; skalu&nbsp; procene&nbsp; o&nbsp; vrednostima&nbsp; različitih&nbsp; karakteristika&nbsp; bloga.&nbsp; Rezultati&nbsp; dobijeni&nbsp; na&nbsp; testvima znanja i skali procene su obrađeni odgovarajućim statističkim metodama i predstavljeni na odgovarajući<br />način.Učenici&nbsp; E&nbsp; grupe&nbsp; su&nbsp; postigli&nbsp; statistički&nbsp; značajno&nbsp; bolje&nbsp; rezultate&nbsp; u&nbsp; odnosu&nbsp; na&nbsp; učenike&nbsp; K&nbsp; grupe&nbsp; na finalnom&nbsp; testu&nbsp; znanja&nbsp; i&nbsp; retestu&nbsp; u&nbsp; celini&nbsp; i&nbsp; na&nbsp; svim&nbsp; nivoima&nbsp; znanja&nbsp; pojedinačno.&nbsp; Takođe,&nbsp; rezultati&nbsp; su pokazali&nbsp; da&nbsp; uz&nbsp; primenu&nbsp; bloga&nbsp; u&nbsp; nastavi&nbsp; najviše&nbsp; napreduju&nbsp; napredni&nbsp; učenici,&nbsp; nešto&nbsp; manje&nbsp; prosečni učenici,&nbsp; a najmanje slabi učenici. Istraživanje je, takođe, pokazalo da blog jednako doprinosi postignuću iz biologije kod učenika i učenica.<br />Rezultati&nbsp; skale&nbsp; procene&nbsp; su&nbsp; pokazali&nbsp; da&nbsp; su&nbsp; učenicima&nbsp; najvažnije&nbsp; one&nbsp; karakteristike&nbsp; bloga&nbsp; koje&nbsp; im direktno olakšavaju učenje gradiva, a nešto manje su im važne karakteristike koje im omogućuju da dok uče razmenjuju iskustva sa drugim učenicima.</p> / <p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> 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QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin-top:0in;mso-para-margin-right:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}</style><![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal">First, in dissertation, the theoretical framework of computers&rsquo; use, ICT and blogs in teaching were&nbsp; examined and analyzed. For&nbsp; the&nbsp; needs&nbsp; of&nbsp; a&nbsp; pedagogical&nbsp; experiment&nbsp; with&nbsp; parallel&nbsp; groups,&nbsp; a&nbsp; blog&nbsp; Biosoikoslogos (www.biosoikoslogos.wordpress.com)&nbsp; was&nbsp; created&nbsp; on&nbsp; which&nbsp; the&nbsp; contents&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; teaching&nbsp; topic&nbsp; were&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; the Basics of Cytology&nbsp; according to&nbsp; Biology&nbsp; curriculum for the first grade of the grammar school.&nbsp; The survey sample included 171 students divided into two groups with 85&nbsp; students in the E group and 86 in the K group. For the needs of the pedagogical experiment, knowledge tests (initial test, final test and retest) and estimating scale&nbsp; that&nbsp; values&nbsp; different&nbsp; characteristics&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; blog&nbsp; were&nbsp; created.&nbsp; Knowledge&nbsp; tests&nbsp; contained&nbsp; questions&nbsp; at&nbsp; three levels: basic level (knowledge of facts), intermediate level (comprehension of terms) and advanced level (analysis&nbsp; and reasoning). At&nbsp; the&nbsp; beginning&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; research,&nbsp; the&nbsp; E&nbsp; and&nbsp; K&nbsp; groups&nbsp; were&nbsp; aligned&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; initial&nbsp; test&nbsp; of&nbsp; knowledge,&nbsp; also, according&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; general&nbsp; success&nbsp; and&nbsp; success&nbsp; of&nbsp; biology.&nbsp; After&nbsp; the&nbsp; initial&nbsp; testing,&nbsp; the&nbsp; students&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; E&nbsp; and&nbsp; K&nbsp; group realized the contents of the teaching topic Basics of cytology using different models of teaching, while the students of the&nbsp; E&nbsp; group&nbsp; used&nbsp; a&nbsp; blog,&nbsp; students&nbsp; of&nbsp; K&nbsp; group&nbsp; realized&nbsp; the&nbsp; same&nbsp; contents&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; traditional&nbsp; teaching.&nbsp;&nbsp; After completing&nbsp; the&nbsp; teaching&nbsp; topic,&nbsp; Basics&nbsp; of&nbsp; Cytology,&nbsp; the&nbsp; students&nbsp; of&nbsp; both&nbsp; groups&nbsp; were&nbsp; tested&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; final&nbsp; test&nbsp; of knowledge, and one month (32 days) after the final test, students had a retest.&nbsp;&nbsp; After completing the tests, students from&nbsp; the E group filled the&nbsp; estimating scale that&nbsp; values different&nbsp; characteristics of the blog.&nbsp; The results obtained&nbsp; by the knowledge tests and the estimating scale were&nbsp; processed by appropriate statistical methods and presented in an appropriate manner. Students&nbsp; from the E group achieved statistically significantly bet ter results in relation to K group students in the final test of knowledge and retest,&nbsp; in general and at all levels of knowledge individually.Also, results showed that using&nbsp; blog&nbsp; during&nbsp; teaching&nbsp; helps&nbsp; advanced&nbsp; students&nbsp; the&nbsp; most,&nbsp; average&nbsp; students&nbsp; showed&nbsp; less&nbsp; progress&nbsp; and&nbsp; weak students showed very little progress.&nbsp; The research also showed that blog equally contributes to the achievement&nbsp; in biology among male and&nbsp; female students..The estimating scale results showed that for students the most important chara cteristics of the blog are those that directly facilitate the learning of the material, and less important are those that enable them to exchange experiences with other students while they are learning.</p>

<p>За потребе израде ове докторске дисертације најпре је направљен&nbsp; интерактивни електронски уџбеник биологије за IV разред гимназије природно-математичког смера, а затим је анализирана ефикасност његове примене у односу на&nbsp; традиционалну наставу. Педагошко истраживање је спроведено на узорку од 167 ученика (85 ученика у експерименталној и 82 ученика у контролној групи). Ученици Е групе су садржаје из наставне теме Основи молекуларне биологије у IV разреду гимназије реализовали применом интерактивног електронског уџбеника, индивидуалним обликом рада, док су ученици К група исте садржаје обрадила традиционалним наставним методама и фронталним обликом рада док су код куће учили из штампаног уџбеника.</p><p>Експериментална и контролна&nbsp; група су уједначене на почетку истраживања на основу успеха ученика из биологије на крају III. разреда гимназије и на основу резултата иницијалног теста.</p><p>Након реализације наведене наставне теме ученици обе групе су радили финални тест, а након 75 дана ретест. Такође су спроведене анкете за ученике Е групе и професоре биологије који раде у гимназији о о примени електронског уџбеника у настави биологије. Након тога су статистички обрађени и&nbsp; aнализирани резултати тестова и анкета.</p><p>Ученици Е групе су остварили бољи успех на финалном тесту и ретесту од ученика К групе. Разлике у њиховом постигнућу на финалном тесту и ретесту (у корист Е групе) су статистички значајне како на појединачним когнитивним нивоима (познавање чињеница, разумевање појмова и примена знања), тако и на тестовима у целини.</p><p>Резултати финалног теста су потврдили већу ефикасност наставе биологије уз примену електронског уџбеника у односу на традиционалну наставу. Резултати ретеста су потврдили већу трајност (квалитет) знања из биологије усвојеног применом електронског уџбеника у односу на знање стечено традиционалним метода рада. Веће постигнуће ученика Е групе на финалном тесту и ретесту у односу на ученике К групе је резултат примене електронског уџбеника и индивидуалног облика рада у настави биологије.</p><p>Ученици Е групе и професори биологије који раде у гимназији су изнели&nbsp; позитивне ставове о примени електронског уџбеника у настави биологије. То показује да они прихватају увођење иновативних модела рада у наставу.</p><p>Веће постигнуће ученика Е групе на финалном тесту и ретесту у односу на ученике К групе као и позитивни ставови ученика и професора о примени електронског уџбеника у настави биологије у гимназији препоручују израду и коришћење електронских уџбеника урађених према важећим наставним програмима у настави биологије и других предмета.</p> / <p>Za potrebe izrade ove doktorske disertacije najpre je napravljen&nbsp; interaktivni elektronski udžbenik biologije za IV razred gimnazije prirodno-matematičkog smera, a zatim je analizirana efikasnost njegove primene u odnosu na&nbsp; tradicionalnu nastavu. Pedagoško istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 167 učenika (85 učenika u eksperimentalnoj i 82 učenika u kontrolnoj grupi). Učenici E grupe su sadržaje iz nastavne teme Osnovi molekularne biologije u IV razredu gimnazije realizovali primenom interaktivnog elektronskog udžbenika, individualnim oblikom rada, dok su učenici K grupa iste sadržaje obradila tradicionalnim nastavnim metodama i frontalnim oblikom rada dok su kod kuće učili iz štampanog udžbenika.</p><p>Eksperimentalna i kontrolna&nbsp; grupa su ujednačene na početku istraživanja na osnovu uspeha učenika iz biologije na kraju III. razreda gimnazije i na osnovu rezultata inicijalnog testa.</p><p>Nakon realizacije navedene nastavne teme učenici obe grupe su radili finalni test, a nakon 75 dana retest. Takođe su sprovedene ankete za učenike E grupe i profesore biologije koji rade u gimnaziji o o primeni elektronskog udžbenika u nastavi biologije. Nakon toga su statistički obrađeni i&nbsp; analizirani rezultati testova i anketa.</p><p>Učenici E grupe su ostvarili bolji uspeh na finalnom testu i retestu od učenika K grupe. Razlike u njihovom postignuću na finalnom testu i retestu (u korist E grupe) su statistički značajne kako na pojedinačnim kognitivnim nivoima (poznavanje činjenica, razumevanje pojmova i primena znanja), tako i na testovima u celini.</p><p>Rezultati finalnog testa su potvrdili veću efikasnost nastave biologije uz primenu elektronskog udžbenika u odnosu na tradicionalnu nastavu. Rezultati retesta su potvrdili veću trajnost (kvalitet) znanja iz biologije usvojenog primenom elektronskog udžbenika u odnosu na znanje stečeno tradicionalnim metoda rada. Veće postignuće učenika E grupe na finalnom testu i retestu u odnosu na učenike K grupe je rezultat primene elektronskog udžbenika i individualnog oblika rada u nastavi biologije.</p><p>Učenici E grupe i profesori biologije koji rade u gimnaziji su izneli&nbsp; pozitivne stavove o primeni elektronskog udžbenika u nastavi biologije. To pokazuje da oni prihvataju uvođenje inovativnih modela rada u nastavu.</p><p>Veće postignuće učenika E grupe na finalnom testu i retestu u odnosu na učenike K grupe kao i pozitivni stavovi učenika i profesora o primeni elektronskog udžbenika u nastavi biologije u gimnaziji preporučuju izradu i korišćenje elektronskih udžbenika urađenih prema važećim nastavnim programima u nastavi biologije i drugih predmeta.</p> / <p>For the use of the issue of this doctoral thesis was first developed an interactive electronic textbook for biology IV discharge gymnasium of the science stream, and&nbsp; then analyzed the efficiency of its use in relation to traditional teaching. Pedagogical&nbsp; research was conducted on a sample of 167 students (85 students in the experimental and 82 students in the control group). Students E groups are the content of teaching topics Fundamentals of molecular biology in the fourth grade of&nbsp; high school r ealized by using an interactive electronic textbooks, individual form of work, while students K group of the same content processed by traditional teaching&nbsp; methods and frontal form of work while at home learning from printed textbooks.</p><p>Experimental and control groups were matched at baseline based on the success of students in biology at the end of III. year of high school, and based on the results of the initial test.</p><p>Аfter the realization of that teaching topics the students of both groups were doing the final test, a retest after 75 days. They also conducted a survey of students E group and biology professors who work in the gymnasium of the implementation of electronic textbooks in teaching biology. After that, statistically&nbsp; processed and analyzed the results of tests and surveys.&nbsp;</p><p>Students E group have achieved better results in the final test and retest students K group. The differences in their attainment of the final test and retest (in favor of group E) were statistically si gnificant both at the individual level cognitive (knowledge of facts, understanding the concepts and application of knowledge), and the tests as a whole.</p><p>Results of the final test confirmed the greater efficiency of teaching biology with the use of electronic textbooks in comparison to traditional teaching. Retest results have confirmed high durability (quality) knowledge of biology adopted using the electronic textbook in relation to the knowledge gained by traditional methods. Higher student achi evement E group at the final test and retest compared to students in K group is a&nbsp; result of implementation of electronic textbooks and individual forms of work in teaching biology.</p><p>E group students and professors of biology who work in high school&nbsp; are expressed&nbsp; positive views on the implementation of electronic textbooks in teaching biology. This&nbsp; shows that they accept the introduction of innovative models of work in the&nbsp; classroom.</p><p>Higher student achievement E group at the final test and retest compared&nbsp; to students in K group and positive attitudes of students and teachers on the&nbsp; implementation of electronic textbooks in teaching biology in high school suggests the design and use of electronic textbooks performed according to the current curriculum in teaching biology and other subjects.</p>

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Libya, as one of the third world countries, is struggling to address the issue of transformation and various institutional reforms (including the education system). For example, it has been observed that many biology teachers are faced with challenges relating to both subject matter knowledge (SMK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) yet the expectation of the new curriculum is that biology teachers demonstrate professional efficacy in their work regardless of the challenges they face. In light of this, a group of Libyan secondary school biology teachers was investigated in Tripoli through a participatory action research process. The study was underpinned by the Shulman theory of PCK using a mixed-methods design to generate an understanding of the theory of basic knowledge of teaching. This investigation examined the influence of an in-service training programme consisting of three components of PCK namely: teachers‘ subject matter knowledge (SMK); use of instructional strategies; and understanding of learners on a group of Libyan biology teachers‘ instructional practices. On the one hand, the investigation considered their theoretical knowledge, and their experiences during the professional development programme aimed at designing new teaching and learning activities and materials while on the other hand, it considered their practical knowledge in terms of their professional skills or their practical use of what has been learned during their pre-service training as well as what they learned during the professional development programme. Specifically, the study focused on biology teachers from the Hai Alandalus District (Libya). This representation enabled me to unveil the PCK components held to some extent by the Libyan teachers in general. Moreover, the PCK representation has also enabled me to clarify the category of the teachers‘ PCK in the Libyan context especially as their PCK was unknown at the commencement of the study. The findings have shown that the professional development used in the study facilitated the biology teachers‘ ability in several ways such as increased their PCK and SMK; improved their ability to organize activity-based lessons; increased their desire to use a variety of instructional strategies; increased the understanding of their learners‘ needs; improved their awareness that their learners‘ performance is not unrelated to their socio-economic background; and so on. Overall, the findings suggest that designing and implementing new teaching and learning activities and materials based on the teachers‘ knowledge, experiences, and needs, in a workshop context could provide an enabling learning environment for them as well as facilitate their potential to provide a powerful means for increasing their PCK, SMK and understanding their learners. The study also reveals that there is a great necessity for designers to mount professional development programmes that take into consideration the teachers‘ PCK to meaningfully promote their professional development and instructional practices.