The main topic of this thesis is the translation of the food-related cultural references. The theoretical part is primarily focused on translation techniques and strategies which are usually used for the translation of cultural elements. Furthermore, the other objective of this part is to introduce this topic in the context of the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. Specifically, it deals with the incorporation of a sociocultural component in the Spanish courses and the translation as a pedagogical tool. The theoretical foundations are put into practice in a translation techniques analysis and there is also a didactic proposal designed for Czech students of Translation and Interpreting.

Es el propósito de este informe presentar una descripción de los métodos y materiales usados para la enseñanza del inglés en el Insituto Chileno-Británico de Cultura de Santiago conseguida a través de personales observaciones de clases y entrevistas con el profesorado y la administración del Instituto durante un período de residencia de nuevo semanas en la ciudad de Santiago. Se debe advertir que la exactitud de las observaciones y la cantidad de datos obtenidos estuvieron limitados por el corto tiempo de estadía en Chile (desde el 15 de junio hasta el 20 de agosto de 1970) durante el cual el Instituto estuvo cerrado por una semana debido a las vacaciones semestrales.

The purpose of this study is to discover and evaluate materials available to teachers attempting to solve the problems of teaching Spanish-speaking children to read English, and to make some suggestions as to the effective ways of selecting materials to be used in a locality where Spanish-speaking children attend the public schools.

The US Department of Education projects that by the year 2030 the total English Learner (EL) population in US schools will exceed 40 percent. Currently, by the time ELs make it to high school, after 6 or more years in English Language Development (ELD) programs, the majority (59 percent), are Long Term English Learners (LTEL). LTEL students represent a variety of ethnicities and language groups, but the focus of this qualitative study is LTEL students who identify as Latino LTEL. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe and explain recently graduated Latino LTEL's perceptions of the impact of their school's culture on their academic and affective acculturation. As schools look to improve the educational outcome of Latino EL, listening to voices of former LTEL as they share their high school experiences can provide insights into ways to support the affective learning needs, academic success, and acculturation of Latino EL. Through 10 in-depth interviews with former Latino LTEL and employing qualitative coding analysis, this research explored and analyzed recently graduated Latino EL's perceptions of the impact of school culture on their academic acculturation. Even though schools have for many years attempted to address the needs of their linguistically diverse students, the results of this study indicate that the participants' high schools did not do enough to support their academic and affective learning needs. This lack of support impacted participants' self-perceptions of themselves as learners. To bridge Latino LTEL acculturative gaps, the findings support the need for school cultures to address the affective learning needs of their bi-cultural and Latino EL.

The presented master's thesis is concerned with the topic of the revised version of Bloom's taxonomy and its implementation to second language teaching with regards to its higher levels through the use of different activating methods of teaching. The aim of this thesis is to, with the support of academic literature, consider the role of the activating methods in language teaching and their potential relationship to the revised taxonomy. Based on these findings it is later aimed to present suggestions applicable in practice about how to combine these two instruments with regards to Spanish language teaching. The thesis includes a research done through a questionnaire which aims to map the teachers' knowledge of the activating teaching methods and the potential means of using them while teaching.

The purpose of this study is to understand culture as a factor in the motivation of heritage speakers of Spanish to study Spanish at the college level in South Florida. 59 participants divided into three groups of heritage speakers of Spanish at Florida Atlantic University at Boca Raton participated in a questionnaire survey, for a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses. Subjects were grouped according to the degree of involvement in Spanish-related activities at the college-level. The instrument was a combination of Likert-scale questions as well as open-ended questions aimed at clarifying or expanding on topics presented during the Likert-scale part of the questionnaire. The findings of this study indicate that most heritage speakers understood culture as a part of their identity. Students who were enrolled in Spanish classes were not just looking to expand their Spanish knowledge, but to re-connect and re-establish links with their cultural heritage. Finally, those who chose not to study Spanish cite as their most important reason a dislike for the Spanish language. The results revealed the following implications for the heritage speaker curriculum: the need to address the unique demographic make-up of Spanish heritage speakers in South Florida; the necessity for a consistent and reliable methodology for the identification of heritage speakers, and; the importance of instructors' sensitivity to regional and social dialect variation. / by Carolina M. Seiden. / Table of Contents lists pg. 258 as Vita, but that page is the last page of the bibliography. / University Library's copy lacks signatures of the Supervisory Committee. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2008. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, FL : 2008 Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-11-29T17:18:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Regiane de Fatima.pdf: 1388377 bytes, checksum: bdd7c69e02356abba45b15c16967acce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-29T17:18:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Regiane de Fatima.pdf: 1388377 bytes, checksum: bdd7c69e02356abba45b15c16967acce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-18 / Busco neste trabalho analisar e discutir como se efetiva o ensino de Língua Espanhola num enfoque sobre variações linguísticas e as múltiplas identidades culturais e sociais dos povos hispano falantes, situações que perpassam a práxis educativa do idioma em questão. Os professores envolvidos na pesquisa são da Educação Básica, de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Ponta Grossa – PR., atuantes no Ensino Fundamental/ Médio e CELEM. Pretendo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas ligadas à linha de variação linguística no campo da Sociolinguística, no mundo atual, sua influência no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas, em virtude das exigências de transformações educacionais, a partir da necessidade de se conhecer, respeitar e valorizar as línguas e culturas dos povos, na luta por um ensino de Espanhol de qualidade. Neste intuito, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas em áudio, analisadas na perspectiva da Sociolinguística, pelos fatores sociais extralinguísticos, idade, tempo de atuação no magistério e rede de ensino pública ou privada para responder às perguntas de pesquisa. Analiso suas representações e concepções linguísticas, discorro sobre o uso da variante americana, na perspectiva de valorizar a riqueza lexical do idioma, evitando a apresentação do Espanhol ibérico como único a ser ensinado a estudantes brasileiros, questiono também o material didático utilizado por estes profissionais e as políticas linguísticas que regem o ensino de línguas em nosso Estado. Para tanto utilizo referencial teórico pautado nos estudos de Labov (2008, [1972]) e Moreno Fernández, (2005, 2007, 2010) sobre variação linguística; As variantes do Espanhol americano, em Lipski (2005), Moreno de Alba (2007), para as questões de políticas linguísticas e ensino de Espanhol, trago Couto (2016), Rajagopalan (2014) e os documentos que norteiam o ensino de Língua Estrangeira, como os PCN (1999), as DCN (2005) e a BNCC (2016); no que se refere ao debate sobre identidades me pauto em Rajagopalan (2002, 1998), Hall (2006); e finalmente acerca de atitudes e prestígio linguísticos, nos estudos de Lambert & Lambert (1981) e Silva-Corvalán (1989). As análises apontam que os professores valorizam a variação linguística da língua, porém, devido a vários fatores, como as políticas linguísticas atuais que trazem insatisfação e insegurança, o número de aulas reduzido, o desinteresse dos alunos, nem todos trabalham como deveriam. Não há diferenças marcantes entre o trabalho dos profissionais que atuam na escola pública e os da escola privada, no que se refere ao tema pesquisado, as questões de identidade estão atreladas aos estudos com variação linguística e o material didático utilizado por estes profissionais mostrou-se uma ferramenta incompleta para um trabalho de qualidade sobre o assunto em questão. O fator social que mais influenciou a interpretação das respostas foi a rede de ensino, que revela na escola pública, dentro da matriz curricular, o melhor espaço para o ensino de Espanhol de qualidade no trabalho com variação linguística. / I am looking for in this work to analyze and to discuss how the teaching of Spanish Language is effective in a focus on linguistic variations and the multiple cultural and social identities of the Hispanic speaking peoples, situations that perpass the educational practice of the language in question. The teachers involved in the research are from the Basic Education, from public and private schools of the city of Ponta Grossa - PR, working in Primary Education, High school and Modern Foreign Language Center. I intend to contribute to the development of research linked to the line of linguistic variation in the field of Sociolinguistics, in the current world, its influence in the process of teaching and learning languages, due to the demands of educational transformations, from the need to know, respect and to value the languages and cultures of the peoples, in the struggle for a quality Spanish teaching. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews, audiotaped, analyzed from a sociolinguistic perspective, were carried out by extralinguistic social factors, age, teaching time and public or private teaching network to answer the research questions. I analyze their representations and linguistic conceptions, I discuss the use of the American variant in the perspective of valuing the lexical richness of the language, avoiding the presentation of Iberian Spanish as the only one to be taught to Brazilian students, I also question the didactic material used by these professionals and the linguistic policies governing the teaching of languages in our State. For that, I use a theoretical framework based on studies by Labov (2008, [1972]) and Moreno Fernández, (2005, 2007, 2010) about linguistic variation; The variants of American Spanish, in Lipski (2005), Moreno de Alba (2007), for questions of linguistic policies and teaching of Spanish, I bring Couto (2016), Rajagopalan (2014) and the documents that guide foreign language teaching, such as PCN (1999), the DCN (2005) and the BNCC (2016); with regard to the identity debate in Rajagopalan (2002, 1998), Hall (2006); and finally on linguistic attitudes and prestige, in the studies of Lambert & Lambert (1981) and Silva-Corvalán (1989). The analysis shows that teachers value the linguistic variation of the language, but due to several factors, such as the current linguistic policies that bring dissatisfaction and insecurity, the number of classes reduced, the lack of interest of the students, not all work as they should. There are no marked differences between the work of the professionals who work in the public school and those who work in the private school, with regard to the researched topic, the identity issues are linked to the work with linguistic variation and the didactic material used by these professionals showed an incomplete tool for quality work on the subject in question. The social factor that most influenced the interpretation of the answers was the teaching network, which reveals in the public school, within the curricular matrix, the best space for teaching quality Spanish in work with linguistic variation.

Neste estudo doutoral procuramos dar continuidade à nossa pesquisa anterior, em nível de Mestrado, na qual apresentamos um retrato da formação de professores de espanhol como língua estrangeira para crianças. Agora, propusemo-nos oferecer diretrizes para uma formação inicial ou continuada de docentes de espanhol que trabalhem ou queiram atuar com alunos dos primeiros anos do ensino fundamental. Nossa trajetória iniciou-se pela revisão bibliográfica, muitas vezes campeada entre as referências de disciplinas cursadas, outras tantas escolhidas em estantes de bibliotecas, livrarias reais e virtuais. Nossas leituras, análises e reflexões começaram pela área da legislação referente ao ensino de línguas estrangeiras (Lei paulista 1.750 de 08 de dezembro de 1920; Decreto Federal 1.164, de 1939; LDBEN, 1996; Resolução CNE/CEB 7/2010; PCN, 1998; RCNEI, 1998), passaram pelos conceitos e fundamentos dos mais renomados pensadores da educação, em especial teóricos vinculados ao desenvolvimento infantil (BROFENBRENNER, 1996; BRUNER, 1978, 2006; FREUD, 2010; GESELL, 2002; PIAGET, 1967, 1972; SKINNER, 1970, 1974; VYGOTSKY, 2002, 2005), à aquisição da linguagem (CHOMSKY, 1959 apud BARALO, 2004; PIAGET, 1967, 1972; TOMASELLO, 2003; VYGOTSKY, 2002, 2005, por exemplo), à alfabetização e ao letramento (ABUD, 1987; FERREIRO E TEBEROSKY, 1999; KATO, 1998; KLEIMAN, 2004) e, por fim, à aquisição da língua estrangeira (KRASHEN, 1995; PAIVA in BRUNO, 2005). Demos continuidade à nossa pesquisa por meio da observação e da análise de aulas ministradas por nós em um curso de extensão, bem como de professoras que já ensinavam espanhol para crianças e de uma estagiária que era responsável pelo minicurso de espanhol para crianças durante seu curso de licenciatura. Seguimos com entrevistas às docentes, à coordenadora de uma das instituições escolares visitadas, a pais e responsáveis por alunos que estudavam espanhol em uma dessas escolas regulares e a alguns alunos. Finalizamos nossa pesquisa com a máxima certeza de que o caminho que apontávamos é o mais adequado: existe, sim, a necessidade e a viabilidade de se criar uma disciplina para o curso de licenciatura em espanhol, com respaldo na Resolução CNE/CEB nº 7/2010 e/ou um curso de formação continuada que aborde os conhecimentos, as competências e as habilidades necessários aos professores de espanhol que queiram ensinar o idioma a crianças. Esperamos que as diretrizes gerais que consideramos imprescindíveis na organização e proposição de um curso ou disciplina com as características mencionadas, incluídas neste trabalho, sejam uma das contribuições de nossa pesquisa para a área de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras a crianças. / In this doctoral study we attempted to continue with our previous research, in Masters\' level, in which we presented a portrait of teacher training in Spanish as a foreign language for children. Now, we decided to provide guidelines for initial or continuing training of teachers of Spanish who work or want to work with students from the first years of elementary school. Our history began through literature review, often searching among references of courses taken, and many other times chosen in libraries shelves, real and virtual bookstores. Our readings, analysis and reflections began in the area of law concerning the teaching of foreign language (São Paulo State Law 1.750 of 8 December 1920; Federal Decree 1.164, 1939; LDBEN, 1996; Resolution CNE/CEB 7/2010; PCN, 1998; RCNEI, 1998), they passed by the concepts and fundamentals of the most renowned thinkers in education, especially theorists related to children development (BROFENBRENNER, 1996; BRUNER, 1978, 2006; FREUD, 2010; GESELL, 2002; PIAGET, 1967, 1972; SKINNER, 1970, 1974; VYGOTSKY, 2002, 2005), to language acquisition (CHOMSKY, 1959 apud BARALO, 2004; PIAGET, 1967, 1972; TOMASELLO, 2003; VYGOTSKY, 2002, 2005, for example), to alphabetization and literacy (ABUD, 1987; FERREIRO E TEBEROSKY, 1999; KATO, 1998; KLEIMAN, 2004) and, finally, to the acquisition of foreign language (KRASHEN, 1995; PAIVA in BRUNO, 2005). We continued our research through the observation and analysis of classes given by us in an extension course, as well as teachers who already have taught Spanish to children and an intern who was responsible for the short course in Spanish for children during her graduation course. We followed by interviewing teachers, the coordinator of one of the schools visited, the parents and guardians of students who studied Spanish in one of these regular schools and some students. We concluded our research with the outmost certainty that the path that we pointed out is the most appropriate: there really is the necessity and feasibility of establishing a discipline to the graduation course of Spanish, supported by the Resolution CNE/CEB nº 7/2010 and / or a continuing education course that addresses the knowledge, skills and abilities needed by teachers of Spanish who want to teach the language to children. We hope that the general guidelines which we consider indispensable in organizing and proposing a course or discipline with the mentioned features, included in this study, are one of the contributions of our research into the area of teaching and learning of foreign languages for children.

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Thèse (M.Ed.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2005. / La p. de t. porte en outre: Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle pour l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en éducation. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. [103]-112. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU