Difference between technical standards, legislation and certification and testing procedures in specific EU countries complicates unification of international markets. Therefore international standards and procedures for conformity assessment of products that are connected to Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade have been created. Completion of all requirements, standards, procedures and marking, including proposals regarding resolving problematic areas, is the main content of this diploma thesis.

La riduzione delle barriere tariffarie ha spostato il dibattito tra gli esperti di commercio internazionale sulle misure protezionistiche alternative (regole d'origine, proprietà intellettuale etc.). inoltre durante gli ultimi dieci anni la proliferazione degli accordi commerciali regionali ha acuito i timori di coloro che ritengono che la strada verso la liberalizzazione dei flussi commerciali internazionali debba passare attraverso l'OMC. questa tesi analizza il nesso tra i rimedi di difesa commerciale, le barriere tecniche al commercio e gli accordi commerciali regionali mediante un esercizio di mappatura di 53 accordi. tale mappatura è sviluppata mediante l'impiego di tabelle che riassumono il contenuto di ogni accordo per quanto concerne le barriere tecniche al commercio e i rimedi di difesa commerciale. Inoltre il presente lavoro effettua una ricognizione della letteratura empirica e teorica sull'argomento fornendo infine un contributo originale mediante l'utilizzo di un modello probit per l'analisi dei dati raccolti. i risultati ottenuti in parte confermano ed in parte smentiscono, a volte anche in maniera contro-intuitiva, alcuni fatti stilizzati dalla letteratura. / The reduction of tariff duties at multilateral and regional level has shifted the focus of international trade debate to other beyond-the-border protectionist measures (i.e. rules of origin, intellectual property, trade remedies etc.). Further during the last ten years the proliferation of regionalism has increased more and more the concern in the supporters of multilateral trading system. This thesis explores the linkages among trade remedies, technical barriers to trade and regional trade agreements. This analysis is performed through the creation of 4 benchmarking exercises (templates) mapping the provisions relevant to antidumping measures, countervailing duties, safeguards measures and technical barriers to trade included in 53 regional trade agreements. The aim of this thesis is to overview both theoretically and empirically the existing relevant literature in order to supply an original contribution to the understanding of the subject. The collection and the processing of the data offer some insight and, sometimes, counterintuitive findings about the modelling of trade remedies and technical barriers provisions in the regional trade agreements.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las importaciones de petróleo en el marco del proceso de integración del Perú con la Comunidad Andina de Naciones durante el periodo 2000 - 2010. A lo largo del proceso, se identificó plantear como objetivos conocer el impacto del comercio multilateral entre Perú y la CAN enfocado en las importaciones de petróleo; así como la influencia de las barreras arancelarias y para arancelarias como: las medidas de defensa comercial y los obstáculos técnicos. La metodología utilizada para esta investigación fue de diseño mixto a través del modelo gravitacional. Para el proceso de recolección de información primaria se empleó la búsqueda de antecedentes epistemológicos, bases teóricas y el uso de documentos que contuvieran información estadística. Además, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a empresas relacionadas al sector petrolero, al organismo de integración económica (CAN), así como también, entrevistas a expertos en comercio y economía. Por otro lado, para procesar la información se utilizó el software Atlas.ti® y Stata 13 bajo la técnica de triangulación de datos, contrastando los antecedentes, la información del marco teórico, el resultado de las entrevistas y el análisis estadístico de las variables de la investigación. Luego de realizar el desarrollo de la investigación se concluyó que la variable que presenta alta influencia sobre las importaciones de petróleo desde la CAN son las barreras arancelarias. El resultado del estudio tiene como fin contribuir a futuras investigaciones, ya sea desde la misma u otra perspectiva. / The objective of this research work is to analyze oil imports in the framework of the integration process of Peru with the Andean Community of Nations during the period 2000 - 2010. Throughout the process, it was identified to propose as objectives to know the impact of the multilateral trade between Peru and the CAN focused on oil imports; as well as the influence of tariff and tariff barriers such as: trade defense measures and technical obstacles. The methodology used for this research was of mixed design through the gravitational model. For the process of collecting primary information, the search for epistemological antecedents, theoretical bases, and the use of documents that contained statistical information were used. In addition, semi-structured interviews are conducted with companies related to the oil sector, the economic integration body (CAN), as well as interviews with experts in trade and economy. On the other hand, to process the information, the Atlas.ti® and Stata 13 software will be seen under the technique of data triangulation, contrasting the background, the information of the theoretical framework, the result of the interviews and the statistical analysis of the variables of the research After carrying out the research, it was concluded that the variable that has a high influence on oil imports from the CAN is the tariff barriers. The result of the study is intended to contribute to future research, either from the same or another perspective. / Tesis