This work was supported by a National Science Foundation fellowship

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lewis & Clark College, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-150).

This study investigates how conforming and conflictual environment in media organizations contribute to the development of journalistic creativity. As a necessary prerequisite for institutional assimilation, media professionalism that learnt from school plays a stabilizing role in routine journalism operations. However, when principles disseminated in the classroom clash with practices in the newsroom, reporters typically find themselves caught in a fresh round of learning, relearning and even unlearning, a process that both demands conformity and opens up endless possibilities of creativity when rules are to be intentionally and tactfully breached. The two scenarios represent two distinct dimensions of the construct of journalistic creativity that are at odds with each other: consensual and conflictual. In explicating the concept, we bridge literature on media professionalism and political ideology in the hope of gaining a deeper understanding of how the tug of war between forces of compliance and those of oppositions is played out in the day to day work of journalism. This study adopts triangulation of methods, using both the in-depth interviews and surveys to explore the notion of journalistic creativity. The findings outline and explore the definitions and dimensions of journalistic creativity; identifies the creative process and the creative work within the media industry; and examines the relationship between political ideology, media professionalism and journalistic creativity. This study brings together two important aspects, conforming and conflictual environment, wherein media professionalism and political ideology are divided into two major categories, consistent and conflictual. In conclusion, this study contributes by putting forwarding the concept of journalistic creativity, the dimensions of journalistic creativity, and the major antecedents that contribute to journalistic creativity in the said media environments.

Orientador: Luciano Galvão Coutinho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T11:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silveira_CarlosEduardoFernandezda_D.pdf: 937924 bytes, checksum: a5ee06251dbcfa719bceee13a7edc54f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: O Brasil conheceu tempos virtuosos. Até a década de 80 do século findo foram poucos os anos em que não houve crescimento. Entre as nações destacou-se pela velocidade desse crescimento e pela construção de um parque produtivo diversificado e moderno à época. Sua sociedade participava desse progresso, desigualmente embora. A cultura enriquecia-se e os índices de desenvolvimento humano melhoraram sensivelmente. A democracia, ausente no fim do período, estava próxima. Parecia realizado o vaticínio de S. Zweig: o Brasil fora mesmo o ¿país do futuro¿ e este chegara. Assim parecia. As bases, todavia, desse vigor eram frágeis e os anos 80 trataram de tornar isso evidente. Esta tese dedica-se a examinar os avanços e retrocessos, o potencial e limites do país no campo do desenvolvimento tecnológico nesse período da história que assistiu à pujança e ao paralisia. Economia e tecnologia neste país periférico e dependente são examinados na sua interdependência e complexidade. Nesse percurso, busca entender os caminhos para que o país possa voltar à trilha do desenvolvimento consistente, em sua situação de país periférico e dependente que, para realizar-se deve adquirir capacidade para inovar. Esses caminhos exigem a articulação entre economia e política, entre mercado e estado, entre o público e o privado, a partir de uma visão despida da componente fortemente ideologizada e dominante dos anos 90 até aqui, de que apenas ao mercado cabe a organização econômica e social da população brasileira / Doutorado / Politica Economica / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

Faced by ever increasing expenditure on Information Technology (IT), organisations are turning to what can be perceived as measures of world-class performance such as benchmarking to identify weaknesses in their practices. The objectives of this research were two-fold: Firstly, to explore in what way an organisation identifies its Information Technology costs, and secondly, to determine what IT cost benchmarking takes place within an organisation and to determine its value and relevance to the organisation. The research was conducted as a qualitative two phase snapshot case study across five regions within GoodsCo. Data collection comprised of unstructured face-to-face interviews and five semi-structured telephonic interviews. Content analysis was then used to identify the key patterns or themes which emerged. The research established that Information Technology costs within GoodsCo consists of primarily direct costs components, and that most indirect cost components and contextual elements are not accounted for. Finally it was established that limited and infrequent benchmarking occurs within these regions, and that GoodsCo derives limited value and relevance from their current benchmarking practices. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

The study aims to research the possible benefits that SME’s can attain as well as any barriers that they face in an emerging market economy when adopting e-commerce. E-commerce has been growing globally at an astounding rate and even more so in the emerging markets, albeit from a low base. The expectation is that with the looming FIFA World Cup during 2010 in South Africa, more reliance will be put on the adoption of e-commerce’s functionality by Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s), both in the Business-to-business (B2B) and Business-to- Customers (B2C) sectors. The research instrument utilised in this quantitative research takes the format of a survey which will explore some of the factors affecting the SME’s. The study aims to prove that certain barriers, or perceived barriers, actually does exist specifically in an emerging market like South Africa, and that when they are overcome, there definitely are benefits for the SME’s that have taken the decision to adopt e-commerce. It also interrogates the effect that the owners view on technology has on the decision to adopt e-commerce and once the internet has been acquired, how successful the SME leverage of the internet functionalities. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / Unrestricted

Information modeling is the cornerstone of information systems analysis and design. Information models not only provide the abstractions required to facilitate communication between designers and end users, they also provide a formal basis for tools and techniques used in developing and using information systems. This dissertation reports on four empirical studies in information modeling. The four studies focus on an important, yet controversial, construct in information modeling — the relationship construct. The theoretical foundation for the four experimental studies comprises theories and findings from the information systems, cognitive psychology, computer science, philosophy, and communication literature. Because of the paucity of empirical research in the area, a two-stage research design, consisting of the exploratory and formalized phases, is employed in this dissertation. Two studies were conducted in the exploratory phase. The first exploratory study investigated the effect of domain familiarity on selection of mandatory or optional connectivity for the relationship construct by modeling experts. The findings indicate that modeling experts tend to choose optional over mandatory relationships, even for domains that are totally unfamiliar to them. The second exploratory study analyzed the effect of conflicting textual information and structural constraints on selection of mandatory or optional connectivity by modeling experts. The results show that modeling experts tend to focus on the information depicted by the structural constraints and ignore the textual information. This exploratory phase allowed us to explore and develop empirical research methods and instruments for studying the relationship construct in information modeling. In the second phase, two formalized studies were conducted. The first formalized study investigated the differences between modeling experts and novices in their interpretation of information models. The results show significant differences in the way modeling experts and novices interpret information models. Modeling experts focus mainly on the structural constraints and de-emphasize the textual information. Modeling novices, on the other hand, pay more attention to the textual information than modeling experts. The second formalized study examined the effect of different representations of relationship on the interpretation of information models by modeling novices. The findings indicate that the explicitness of relationship construct and the use of verb versus noun description for relationship have a profound impact on the accuracy of interpretation. The best combination is one that uses an explicit relationship construct and verb for relationship description. The worst combination is one where the relationship construct is represented implicitly and described using noun. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

In contrast with the bulk of conventional neoclassical economic theory this thesis treats the generation of technical change as an integral part of the producer's decision problem. The production of technical knowledge is modelled in the same manner as other outputs. To achieve this, the changeable pool of knowledge pertaining to the technical arts is denoted by a vector of stock variables. A general model of production with endogenous factor augmenting technical changes is specified as an optimal control problem in which these durable knowledge goods are the state variables. The corresponding co-state variables are the knowledge good shadow prices while the output of the various knowledge goods constitutes the control variables. This specification overcomes a number of the limitations that have commonly beset previous models of induced innovation, including the exclusion of interaction between the production of knowledge and the production of conventional outputs. The shadow price of factor i augmenting knowledge in this production model is well defined. It is the discounted present value of the future stream of expenditure on factor i per unit of type i knowledge. In addition to the familiar qualitative implications of such an optimal control problem this model implies that the optimal rate of Hicks neutral technical change increases in response to a scalar increase in the non-knowledge factor endowments. To derive an estimable econometric model of the production technology underlying this endogenous factor augmenting technical change model, the continually revised steady state values of the co-state variables are employed as approximations to the knowledge good shadow prices. A generalised Leontief variable profit function is postulated to represent the production technology in dual space. The estimable econometric model is constructed from the derived wage equations. This thesis presents estimates of three simple models each having endogenous technical change together with an analogous conventional model which has exponential exogenous rates of factor augmenting technical change for the private sector of the Canadian economy over the period 1947 to 1973. They are the cases of endogenous Hicks neutral technical change, Harrod neutral technical change and general factor augmenting technical change, when there are just two inputs (labour services and capital services) and one non-knowledge output. Maximum likelihood estimates for the first and third of these models yielded statistical evidence supporting the fundamental null hypothesis that the pattern of technical change in the Canadian economy between 1947 and 1973 has been significantly influenced by the knowledge good shadow prices. Furthermore, the empirical results for all three models reveals that the Canadian economy has experienced significant endogenous technical change during this period, given the absence of exogenous technical change. Similarly the estimation of the exogenous technical change model indicated that there has been significant non-neutral exogenous technical change during this period, given that there has been no endogenous technical change. However, due to the statistical evidence that the pattern of technical change has been significantly induced, modelling technical change endogenously has the important advantage of providing an explanation of the pattern of technical progress in terms of profit maximising behaviour. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Unknown

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This research paper proposes a low-cost telepresence technological model focused on primary education. Its aim is to give students a new resource/communication channel for classes, which would be used when they cannot attend school due to health problems that do not affect their learning process. This solution seeks students to not be passive listeners during a session, but that they interact with their classmates and teachers during class. To validate the model, a telepresence platform based on WebRTC was developed. It was tested in three schools in different geographical areas belonging to socioeconomic sector C, collecting data from the students who tested the tool, as well as from classmates, teachers, and parents. / Revisión por pares

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