L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à contribuer à l’analyse de l’impact des Technologies del’Information (TI) sur les performances des salariés sur le marché du travail. Notre travail évalue lesimpacts de l’acquisition des compétences numériques (e-compétences) sur les performances dessalariés afin de définir les stratégies les plus adéquates à mettre en oeuvre par les décideurs publics etle management des entreprises. Pour ce faire, notre approche a consisté à identifier deux modalitéscomplémentaires d’acquisition des e-compétences requises sur le marché du travail : d’une part, lesformations sur le lieu du travail (lifelong learning) que nous qualifierons de stratégies à court termed’acquisition de e-compétences, et d’autre part, les formations durant la période d’apprentissagescolaire et notamment universitaire que nous qualifierons de stratégies à long terme. Dès lors, deuxinvestigations complémentaires ont été élaborées respectant ce découpage. La première a contribué àfournir des résultats originaux concernant les stratégies à court terme. Nous avons démontré dans lecontexte français et européen les apports des e-compétences dans l’amélioration de la performancecontextuelle des salariés. La seconde investigation, relative aux stratégies à long terme, a mis l'accentsur les modalités d’acquisition des e-compétences par les étudiants en France et leurs apportsadditionnels en termes de performances académiques.Nos résultats mettent donc en évidence l’importance d’instaurer unsystème éducatif basé sur un apprentissage collaboratif et participatif où la connaissance est coconstruiteavec l’étudiant et non pas uniquement délivrée par l’enseignant. / This thesis is devoted to analyzing the impact of Information Technologies (IT) on workers’performance in the labor market. It aims to measure the impacts of e-skills’ acquisition on workers’performance in order to discover the most suitable strategies to adopt by policy-makers and firms’management. In order to do this, the approach consists of two complementary layers of e-skills’acquisition needed in the labor market: On one hand, lifelong learning in the workplace qualified asshort-term strategies of e-skills’ acquisition. On the other hand, trainings acquired during schoollearning and mainly at university qualified as long-term strategies. Consequently, two complementaryinvestigations have been elaborated. The first one has contributed to provide original results regardingshort-term strategies. In the French and European context, the contributions of e-skills to animprovement in workers’ contextual performance have been shown. The second investigation, whichconcerns long-term strategies, focused on how students acquire e-skills in France and theircontribution to academic performance.Four chapters are the backbone of this work.The first chapter concerns the impact of IT use on workers’ contextual performance in Europe.Results show the positive impact of such use on workers’ contextual performance. Without e-skillsindicators, this use is confused with the ability to use IT.Recognizing the limitations of this approach, despite its wide coverage, a deeper analysis isprovided in the second chapter. The second chapter focuses on the role of e-skills on workers’contextual performance in the French context. On one hand, results show a positive effect of e-skills’level on workers’ contextual performance. On the other hand, they show differentiated impacts whenlooking into each component of contextual performance separately. These results do not challenge therole of e-skills in improving workers’ performance and particularly their contextual ones, but theystress the need to focus on the strategies to acquire and maintain the e-skills’ level needed for efficientuse of IT.The last two chapters are devoted to defining the strategies that facilitate e-skills’ acquisition.The third chapter allows the short-term strategies acquired within the firm to be identified.Results of this chapter show the positive impact of IT use and trainings on workers’ e-skills. Thus,short-term strategies focus on the need of IT access at work and at home, encouraging professionaland personal IT use, providing IT training for workers and encouraging them to try collaborative workin different tasks.The fourth chapter focuses on the long-term strategies of e-skills’ acquisition acquired atuniversity. The chapter reveals the primordial role of students’ involvement, the diversity of learningmethods and collaborative work on students’ (future workers) e-skills. Our results highlight theimportance of establishing an educational system based on collaborative learning where theknowledge is built with students and not just delivered by the teacher.

La réduction continuelle des dimensions dans les technologies CMOS a ouvert la porte à la conception de circuits complexes multi-cœurs (SoC). Malheureusement dans les technologies nanométriques, les performances des systèmes intégrés après fabrication ne sont pas complètement prédictibles. En effet, les variations des procédés de fabrication sont très importantes aux échelles des puces. Par conséquent, la conception de tels systèmes dans les technologies nanométriques est désormais contrainte par de nombreux paramètres tels que la robustesse aux variations des procédés de fabrication et la consommation d'énergie. Ceci implique de disposer d'algorithmes efficaces, intégrés dans la puce, susceptibles d'adapter le comportement du système aux variations des charges des processeurs tout en faisant face simultanément aux variations des paramètres qui ne peuvent pas être prédits ou modélisées avec précision au moment de la conception. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception de systèmes dit « GALS » (Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous) conçus autour d’un réseau de communication intégré à la puce (Network-on-Chip ou NoC) exploitant les nouvelles générations de technologie CMOS. Une nouvelle méthode permettant de contrôler dynamiquement la vitesse des différents îlots du NoC grâce à un contrôle de la tension et de la fréquence en fonction de la qualité locale des procédés de fabrication sur chaque îlot est proposée. Cette technique de contrôle permet d’améliorer les performances du système en consommation, et d’augmenter son rendement en fabrication grâce à l’utilisation des synergies au sein du système intégré. La méthode de contrôle est basée sur l’utilisation d'un anneau asynchrone programmable capable de prendre en compte la charge de travail dynamique et les effets de la variabilité des procédés de fabrication. Le contrôleur évalue en particulier la limite supérieure de fréquence de fonctionnement pour chaque domaine d'horloge. Ainsi, il n'est plus nécessaire de garantir les performances temporelles de chaque nœud au moment de la conception. Cela relâche considérablement les contraintes de fabrication et permet du même coup l'amélioration du rendement. / Continuous scaling of CMOS technology push circuit designs towards multi-core complex SoCs. Moreover, with the nanometric technologies, the integrated system performances after fabrication will not be fully predictable. Indeed, the process variations really become huge at the chip scale. Therefore the design of such complex SoCs in the nanoscale technologies is now constrained by many parameters such as the energy consumption and the robustness to process variability. This implies the need of efficient algorithms and built-in circuitry able to adapt the system behavior to the workload variations and, at the same time, to cope with the parameter variations which cannot be predicted or accurately modeled at design time. In this context, this thesis work addresses the design of GALS-based NoC architectures in the upcoming CMOS technologies. A novel methodology to dynamically control the speed of different voltage-frequency NoC islands according to the process variability impact on each domain is proposed. This control technique can improve the performances, the energy consumption, and the yield of future SoC architectures in a synergistic manner. The control methodology is based on the design of an asynchronous programmable self-timed ring where the controller takes into account the dynamic workload and the process variability effects. The controller especially considers the operating frequency limit which does not exceed the maximum locally allowed value for a given clock domain. With such an approach, it is no more required to separately guaranty the performance for each node. This drastically relaxes the fabrication constraints and helps the yield enhancement.

Diss.--Heidelberg--Univ., 2001. / Bibliogr. p. 195-204.

Texte remanié de: Habilitation à diriger des recherches--Sciences de l'information et de la communication--Paris IV-Sorbonne. / Bibliogr. p. 301-305.

Altmetrics is a relatively new metric system compared to traditional bibliometric methods. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to conduct a cross-sectional study of the altmetric usage in Swedish university libraries and to see if and how they use altmetrics and how it can benefit the scholarly communication between academic librarians and scholars. The research questions are;• Do Swedish university libraries use altmetrics, and if so, how? • How do the librarians experience the attitude from the researchers, regarding their opinions about altmetrics? • How can altmetric tools be an aid in the scholarly communication and what is altmetrics advantages and disadvantages according to the librarians?A survey was sent out to all universities in Sweden and their main libraries. For theoretical framework the concepts Technologies of Control and Technologies of Narcissism together with the concept Cognitive Authority were used. The results show that altmetrics is a tool that the academic libraries are familiar with but few are actually using. The scholars and PhD students think that altmetrics is something than can be used for “fun”, to see their own impact but not for evaluating. The librarians see altmetric as a tool that is a complement to traditional citations and not something that will replace it. Altmetrics can show a broader and faster impact but the altmetric data is unreliable and more studies have to be done.

A la quête de meilleures conditions de vie, les citadins se sont souvent approprié les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC). Ces TIC ont atteint aujourd’hui le milieu rural et il est utile de s’intéresser aux transformations structurelles qu’elles apportent en milieu agricole. Cette quête d’information est au centre de la curiosité qui fonde la conduite de cette recherche. L'imaginaire collectif semble considérer le milieu rural comme l'espace du chaos où la pénibilité déconstruit l'ambition du progrès. A l'ère de l'expansion technologique, nous nous interrogeons sur les transformations organisationnelles induites par l'intégration et l'usage des technologies par le citoyen vivant en milieu agricole. Le travail de la terre est certes sa première activité, mais en quoi est-ce que l'exploitation des technologies mobiles manipulables à distance lui facilite l’activité agricole et la relation avec la clientèle ? Les facilités de transformations structurelles attribuées à l'implémentation des technologies en milieu agricole sont-elles effectives ? Si Oui, induisent-elles des améliorations de conditions de vie ? Pour dissiper nos doutes, nous avons revisité les travaux réalisés en sciences de l'information et de la communication, en sciences agronomiques, en télécommunications et en sciences de l’ingénierie. Les constats sont inéluctables et confirment la disparité de vie entre le milieu agricole et celui citadin. Nous n’avons pas pensé le contraire mais nous nous sommes dit que les fossés ne sont pas aussi profonds aujourd’hui que par le passé. L'usage du téléphone mobile est basique au sein des enquêtés de notre milieu d'étude. Nous nous sommes spécifiquement intéressé aux acteurs en charge de la production et de la vente de l'ananas frais. Deux tiers des producteurs d'ananas interrogés par l'enquête de terrain utilisent le téléphone pour annoncer la disponibilité du produit, mais le bouche à oreille reste le moyen le plus utilisé pour la publicité. Lesdits téléphones et autres équipements mobiles n'interviennent donc presque ni pour collecter les informations culturales ni pour le transfert financier. Les technologies de maîtrise d'eau dans les espaces cultivés et les machines agricoles sont encore très peu accessibles. La main-d'œuvre locale est de ce fait fortement sollicitée. Les conditions de travail se révèlent alors assez difficiles en général. L'internet et les réseaux sociaux sont encore un luxe. Malgré la moyenne de cinq personnes à charge, ils s’assurent les trois repas quotidiens. La production d'ananas est faite par la plupart des enquêtés, en complément d'autres activités. / In search of better living conditions, city dwellers almost use information and communication technologies. What about the situation in rural areas? It is an interrogation that has nourished the curiosity that underlies the conduct of this research. The collective imagination most of the time considers the rural environment like a space of chaos, where the penury destroys progress ambitions. In this age of technological expansion, we wonder about the changes brought by the integration and use of technologies in the life of the citizens living in agricultural areas. Farming is indeed their first occupation, but does the use of the mobile handling technologies makes the labour conditions easier? Are the structural transformation facilities attributed to the implementation of agricultural technologies effective? If so, do they induce improvements in living conditions and limit the mass exodus to urban areas, seeking betterment? To alleviate our doubts, we revisited studies existing in information and communication sciences, agronomics and telecommunications. The results are inescapable and confirmed the disparity of lifestyle between agricultural and urban environment. The use of the mobile phone is basic within the surveys of our study environment. We are particularly interested in the actors in charge of the production and sale of fresh pineapples. Two third of pineapple producers interviewed while conducting our field investigations, use the phone to announce the availability of the product, but mouth to mouth remains the most used medium for advertising. Television, telephones and other mobile equipments do not intervene neither in the collection of the agricultutal related informations nor for the financial transfer. The technologies to control water in the fields and agricultural machinery are still very inaccessible. As a result, the local labor force is heavily involved. Working conditions are generally rather difficult. Internet and social networks are still a luxury. Despite the average of five dependents, they make three daily meals. Pineapple production is made by most of the concerned, in addition to other activities.

This study aimed to understand how Muni University Library can effectively use mobile technologies to deliver social media-based library services. Data was collected from 100 undergraduate students and 4 members of staff of the University Library on the use of mobile and social media technologies for provision of library services and resources using self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, respectively. Only 88 student questionnaires were returned while all 4 members of staff participated in the face-to-face interviews. The results show that the majority (96.6 per cent) of the students own mobile devices and social media accounts that are used for both academic and personal purposes. There is convergence in responses among students and staff that mobile and social media technologies are crucial for provision of library services and resources in the 21st Century. They suggest that these technologies be used in the Muni University Library to access subject guides, MOPAC, mobile website, library map, and e-resources, and reference services. Also, the results show that the Muni University Library is already providing services to its users through mobile technologies and social media using WhatsApp, Facebook, and Kindle Fires e-readers. However, this study identified challenges that hinder the use of mobile and social media technologies, including unreliable internet connectivity, lack of a member of staff of the library responsible for managing technologies, lack of adequate skills among users and library staff required to use social media technologies, and lack of an independent library social media strategy. Discussion of the results and recommendations are presented in this mini-dissertation. / Mini Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Carnegie Corporation of New York / University of Pretoria / Muni University / Information Science / MIT / Unrestricted

Information technologies have become relevant enablers in knowledge management (KM) initiatives in academic institutions. A previous study by Anduvare (2015) revealed that the Marist International University College, Nairobi - Kenya had not adequately adopted information technologies into KM practices entwined in teaching, learning and research. This research study, therefore, set out to explore technologies that are capable of supporting KM practices in academic institutions in order to recommend some to the MIUC. Purposive sampling was used to select the MIUC full-time academic staff members as the target population as the researcher believed that they actively use knowledge at the MIUC and hence, would be in a position to understand the extent of information technology usage in KM practices. The study employed a qualitative research design that involved the use of Google forms to conduct an online survey in order to collect data from the target population. The study achieved a 100% response rate. Content analysis was utilised to analyse the data during which data within the specified themes (collaborative and distributive learning; knowledge discovery; knowledge mapping and knowledge application) was scrutinised for meaning. The data was then interpreted, presented and discussed based on the research sub-questions set for the study. The findings of the study confirmed the existence of KM practices at the MIUC. The study, thus, recommended some information technologies that support the KM practices to the MIUC which had been established through a review of literature. / Mini Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Information Science / MIT / Unrestricted

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) in the Department of Library and Information Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2010. / Social Informatics is the field of study concentrating on the social aspects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) utilisation with researchers in the field concentrating on aspects such as human interaction with ICTs, the effect of certain hardware and software on utilisation and the impact that the use of ICTs have on the daily lives of people in society. One of the areas where the use of ICTs can have a huge influence is on governmental service delivery, where these tools can be used to speed up processes, beef up security, provide access to, and disseminate information, and be used in virtually all government departments to provide a more effective and efficient service to all its people. The aim of the study was to examine the use, impact and interaction of ICTs for service delivery among Civil Servants in the uMhlatuze area. The study was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative methods through survey research. The objectives of the study were: to determine the nature of the services rendered in the three targeted Departments (Education, Health and Social Development), to establish the types of ICTs currently in use by Civil Servants in uMhlatuze area, to explore how the Civil Servants interact with ICTs in the municipality, to explore the impact of the Civil Servants` interaction with ICTs, to determine the training needs of the Civil Servants, in so far as effective ICT utilisation is concerned, to determine users level of satisfaction with the standard of service delivery, to outline the challenges faced in the service provision. Data was collected via questionnaires that were submitted to the three departments by the researcher. Interviews were also conducted with both civil servants and their clients. The aim of the interviews was to get their personal opinions on problems facing service provision. The number of responses from the distributed questionnaires varied: Education (21), Health (9) and Social Development (5). Managers from the three departments were interviewed with an aim of understanding types of services they offer to clients, clients satisfaction with service offered to them, the use of computers in providing services, the level of computer literacy among staff (Civil Servants), difficulties experienced when providing services to clients, and the effect of the availability of computers in providing service delivery. The study revealed that not all ICT tools are generally available and/or used by civil servants in the uMhlatuze Municipality It was also found that most new technologies were neither used, nor available, or could not be accessed by civil servants in the departments, e.g. the Internet, laptop computers, databases, video cameras, video recorders, sound/tape recorders, overhead projectors, and information systems. The government also does not appear to make much use of radio and television, which are mediums that are often used in this country for communication. The researcher recommended that the government should ensure that each civil servant has a computer linked to the Internet on his or her table. All available ICT tools should also be provided to the different departments because they deal with different social needs everyday that may require different solutions. A lack of skills to operate a number of ICTs, especially the computers was identified as a serious impediment to effective service delivery. Therefore it was recommended that the Departments of Education, Health and Social Development send their staff for training on the efficient utilization of ICT tools, specifically computer related training. It was further recommended that computer literacy courses and refresher courses be offered on a continual basis in order to elevate the level of computer literacy among the civil servants, especially for programmes such as Word processing, Excel and PowerPoint which are used almost daily in the public service.

With the increase of social media users, marketing through social media channels is becoming more and more important for large and small businesses around the globe. This form of marketing can be done in different ways. For example, through ads on social media platforms or by using influential opinion leaders (influencers) to reach out to a large number of customers. It can be difficult, especially for smaller brands, to navigate through the vastness of influencer marketing and find the right partner. This master thesis investigates how a process for brands to create a deal for a product/service they want to promote and how machine learning can be applied to recommend suitable influencers. Finding the right match is necessary for brands looking to take advantage of the rise of social media marketing. The thesis includes research of potential input and output for a machine learning algorithm, suggestions regarding which machine learning type and machine learning algorithm could be used, and presents a design of the deal creation process. The master thesis is conducted with the support of a startup company called Splick. Splick connects brands and influencers with an easy-to-use platform. Collaborations through Splick can be done with the help of affiliate links that track everything from clicks to sales. Every partnership is different since it depends on the brand, the influencer, and the type of product/service the brand is trying to promote. This makes it necessary to take a wide variety of metrics and benchmarks into consideration. The thesis found that a combination of metrics from the participants of the deal and the deal itself, metrics from various social media platforms where the influencer is active, and benchmarks from Splick’s affiliate link service would all be useful. The suggested output of a machine learning algorithm is common points of interest found in partnerships with similar brands and influencers that occurred in the past and turned out to be successful. Out of the machine learning types and algorithms analyzed, an unsupervised learning approach using Neural Network-based clustering seemed to be a viable way to proceed. Further research would be necessary regarding the presented machine learning approach to create a more clear plan for development and implementation. / Med ökningen av användare på sociala medier blir marknadsföring via sociala mediekanaler allt viktigare för små och stora företag runt om i världen. Denna form av marknadsföring kan utföras på olika sätt. Till exempel genom annonser på sociala medieplattformar eller genom att använda inflytelserika opinionsbildare (influencers) för att nå ut till ett stort antal kunder. Det kan vara svårt, särskilt för mindre företag, att utnyttja kraften av influencer marknadsföring och hitta rätt partner. Denna masteruppsats undersöker en process för företag att skapa en överrenskommelse för en produkt/tjänst de vill marknadsföra och hur maskininlärning kan tillämpas för att rekommendera lämpliga influencers. Att hitta rätt partner är nödvändigt för företag som vill dra fördel av marknadsföring på sociala medier. Examensarbetet inkluderar forskning om potentiell input och output för en maskininlärningsalgoritm, förslag om vilken maskininlärningstyp och maskininlärningsalgoritm som kan användas och presenterar en design av processen för att skapa överrenskommelser med influencers. Examensarbetet genomförs med stöd av ett startupföretag som heter Splick. Splick kopplar samman företag och influencers med en lättanvänd plattform. Samarbeten genom Splick kan göras med hjälp av affiliate-länkar som spårar allt från klick till försäljning. Alla samarbeten är olika eftersom det beror på företaget, influencern och vilken typ av produkt/tjänst företaget vill marknadsföra. Detta gör det nödvändigt att ta hänsyn till en mängd olika mätvärden och riktmärken. Avhandlingen fann att en kombination av mätvärden från deltagarna och själva överrenskommelsen, mätvärden från olika sociala medieplattformar där influencern är aktiv och riktmärken från Splicks affiliate-länktjänst skulle vara användbara. Den föreslagna outputen av en maskininlärningsalgoritm är intressepunkter som hittas i samarbeten med liknande företag och influencers som inträffat tidigare och som visade sig vara lönsamma. Av de maskininlärningstyper och algoritmer som analyserats, verkade en unsupervised learning metod med hjälp av Neural Network-based clustering vara en bra metod att gå vidare med. Ytterligare forskning skulle behövas angående metoden för maskininlärning för att skapa en tydligare plan för utveckling och implementering.