Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2804.pdf: 961298 bytes, checksum: 4fa437c9d0b71339ac93b2ed54320f87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-08 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Knowledge transfer and technological solutions to products of a company requires integration between different departments and experts involved in the process of product and technology development. Adequate transference requires the use of certain mechanisms of management by the company aiming at improving such integration. Using bibliographic review on innovation and technological management and products development process, this thesis proposes a structure that contains management practices for integration of products development (PD) and technological development (TD). In addition to that, it was carried out a qualitative research, operationalized by means of case studies in five large and medium national technology-based companies from the sector of capital goods. The findings of empirical work scrutinized technology innovation in product development within these firms, and also management practices used to integration between PD and TD. Practices adopted by companies are described and confronted with the presented theoretical approach. Recommendations, originated from the theoretical and empirics research, suggest management practices capable of guiding actions for a better development of integration between PD and TD, such as: the insertion of multitasking employees in the development team, the participation of R&D workers in activities of market research and allocation of heavyweight product manager for the conduction of products development project which demand technological innovation / A transferência de novos conhecimentos e soluções tecnológicas aos produtos de uma empresa necessita da integração entre diferentes departamentos e especialistas envolvidos nos processos de desenvolvimento de produtos e de tecnologias. Uma transferência adequada requer que a empresa adote certos mecanismos de gestão com o objetivo de melhorar essa integração. Mediante revisão bibliográfica sobre os temas gestão da inovação e da tecnologia e processo de desenvolvimento de produtos, esta tese propõe uma estrutura que contém práticas de gestão propícias para a integração entre desenvolvimento de produtos (DP) e desenvolvimento de tecnologias (DT). Adicionalmente, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, operacionalizada por meio de estudo de casos, em cinco empresas nacionais de base tecnológica do setor de bens de capital de médio e grande porte. A pesquisa empírica investigou peculiaridades que essas empresas possuem em suas atividades de inovação tecnológica de produtos e, também, práticas de gestão adotadas para a integração entre DP e DT. Os resultados obtidos nos estudo de casos são descritos e confrontados com o arcabouço teórico apresentado. As recomendações, provenientes da pesquisa teórica e empírica desta tese, propõem práticas de gestão capazes de orientar ações para a melhor operacionalização da integração entre DP e DT, tais como: a inserção de funcionários multifuncionais nas equipes de desenvolvimento, a participação do pessoal de P&D em atividades de pesquisa de mercado e a alocação de gerente do tipo peso-pesado para a condução de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos que demandam inovações tecnológicas.

Der Zusammenhang von technischer Entwicklung und gesellschaftlicher Modernisierung wird mit Mitteln der systemtheoretischen Soziologie untersucht. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Konzepte "Technik" und "soziale Evolution" reformuliert. "Technik" ist ein spezieller Typ der Grenzbildung von Systemen, die Ereignisse ihrer Umwelt als kausal verknüpft beobachten; Technik wird demnach definiert als fixierte Erwartung, die sich auf kausal verknüpfte Umweltereignisse bezieht. "Soziale Evolution" ist der Typ des Strukturwandels von sozialen Systemen, der sich aus der Selektion und Restabilisierung von Strukturvariationen ergibt. Aus soziologischer Sicht ist jede technische Entwicklung als ein spezifischer Aspekt der sozialen Evolution zu verstehen. Dies wird mit der Konfrontation des Begriff des "Fortschritts" mit dem der "Modernisierung" gezeigt. Eine Gesellschaft versucht durch das Verwenden und das Beschränken von Technik über ihre eigene Evolution zu verfügen. Es erweist sich, daß diese Versuche zwar komplexer, aber nicht unbedingt erfolgreicher werden. Die einer jeden Evolution eigene Entwicklungsoffenheit kann nicht außer Kraft gesetzt werden, auch dann nicht, wenn eine Gesellschaft Evolutionstheorien entwickelt und reflexiv auf sich selbst anwendet. Anders als vormoderne Gesellschaften zeichnet sich die moderne Gesellschaft durch ihre hochgradig frei kontextualisierbare und damit riskante Technik aus. Kontextualisierungen und Entscheidungsnotwendigkeiten im Umgang mit moderner Technik bedingen Reflexivität. Technische Entwicklungen lassen Determinationen und Optionen in gleichem Maße wachsen. Komplex ist die soziale Seite von Technik, nicht die Kompliziertheit ihrer technischen Komponenten. Reflexive Technologiepolitik und Technikfolgenabschätzung sind gezwungen, die soziale Dynamik technischer Entwicklungen zu berücksichtigen. / There are several means to analyse the intrinsic connection of technological development and social evolution in sociology today. The thesis examines technology and its development as part of social evolution from a system-theoretical point of view. Using this approach, terms like "technology" and "social evolution" are reformulated. "Technology" is a particular type of border of social systems, using the mode of causality in observing its environment; thus Technology is defined as the fixation of causal expectations. "Social evolution" is a social systems' structural change by the selection and reinforcement of variations, creating a singular history. In terms of sociology, any technological development is part of a wider developing social context. This is visualized by confronting the terms "progress" and "modernization"; both being concepts of sociology as well as of debates on technology and social development. By using technology, by giving way to innovation, and by limiting the use of technology, a given society tries to monitor and influence its own evolution. The thesis shows that these attempts become more complex, but not necessarily more effective. The fundamental properties of any evolution cannot be annulated --- the social evolution always remains unpredictable, even when evolutionary theories allow reflexive observations. In contrast to its predecessors the modern society constitutes a type of technology which is highly independent of any given social context. But this freedom is risky. Contextualizations and decision-makings imply a higher degree of reflexivity. In the case of technological development, both determinations and options increase at the same time. What is complex in technological development is its social, not its mere technical side. Any reflexive debate on technology has to reflect technology as a social issue.