The study sought to describe the factors contributing to termination of pregnancies among teenagers in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, by studying the responses given by teenage girls aged 19 years and younger. The study also sought to determine the socio economic characteristics of teenagers who terminate pregnancies, the role of parental care in avoiding unwanted teenage pregnancies, the teenagers’ general knowledge of reproductive health issues as well as their sources of information regarding reproductive health issues. The major inferences drawn from this study included that teenagers’ knowledge of reproductive health issues was inadequate and that they have nothing tangible because of their low educational and economic status that put them at risk of being involved in sexual activities at an early age leading to unwanted pregnancies that end up in termination. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made for imparting knowledge regarding sexual issues to teenage girls in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province.

Os sistemas de saúde orientados pelos princípios da APS tem se apresentado com melhores índices de saúde e como tal, possibilita o alcance de melhor qualidade na atenção pré-natal a gestantes adolescentes, fundamental para a saúde materna e neonatal. O objetivo foi avaliar a atenção pré-natal as adolescentes em unidades da rede básica de saúde no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, segundo os atributos da Atenção Primária a Saúde, como proposto por Starfield. A relevância do estudo é fornecer informações e subsídios para a Secretaria Municipal da Saúde a fim de que novas estratégias para reorganização dos serviços e para capacitação dos profissionais de saúde possam ser fomentadas, no sentido de adequar e potencializar a atenção em saúde e a atuação intersetorial como rede de apoio social às adolescentes grávidas. Estudo seccional e descritivo de abordagem quantitativa realizado com profissionais de saúde (médicos e enfermeiros) que atendem diretamente as adolescentes no pré-natal. Tais profissionais pertencem a 11 Unidades de Saúde que inclui Centro Saúde Escola, Unidade Básica de Saúde e Unidade de Saúde da Família, perfazendo o total de 36 profissionais (17 médicos e 19 enfermeiros). Foi aplicado o instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária (Primary Care Assessment Tool- Brasil) versão profissionais para analisar a presença e extensão dos atributos da APS na atenção pré-natal as adolescentes. Na análise dos dados, para as variáveis contínuas foram calculadas as medidas de tendência central (média e mediana) e dispersão (desvio padrão) e proporções foram utilizadas para variáveis categóricas. O estudo teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto-USP. O escore das 11 unidades de saúde para o atributo Acesso de primeiro contato (acessibilidade) obteve-se escore 3,5 o que revela um baixo grau de orientação para APS dos profissionais das unidades que pertencem. Os atributos Longitudinalidade, Coordenação (integração de cuidados), Coordenação (sistemas de informação) e Integralidade obtiveram escores >= 6,6 indicam forte presença e extensão adequada de cada atributo. O Escore essencial ficou abaixo de 6,6. Com relação aos atributos da APS, entre os profissionais que atuam nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, os valores dos escores por atributo estão assim distribuídos: Acessibilidade obteve escore 3,4 o que revela um baixo grau de orientação para APS dos profissionais da UBS e os demais atributos obtiveram escores >= 6,6. O Escore essencial foi de 6,4. Entre os profissionais que atuam nas Unidades de Saúde da Família, os atributos acessibilidade obteve escore 3,6 os demais atributos obtiveram escores >= 6,6. O escore essencial foi de 6,6. Houve, portanto melhor desempenho no escore essencial para as unidades com equipes de Saúde da Família. Na análise por categoria profissional, verificamos que os escores essenciais foram de forte grau de orientação para APS (Escore 11 Unidades 6,6/Escore UBS 6,6/Escore PSF 6,7) entre os profissionais médicos, enquanto entre os enfermeiros apresenta baixo grau de orientação (Escore 11 Unidade 6,4/Escore UBS 6,3/Escore PSF 6,5). / Health systems guided by the principles of Primary Health Care (PHC) has performed with the best health indices and as such enables the achievement of better quality in prenatal care for pregnant teenagers, crucial to maternal and newborn health. The objective was to evaluate the prenatal care for adolescents conducted in units of primary care network in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, according to the attributes of Primary Health Care, as proposed by Starfield. The relevance of this study is to provide information and subsidies to the Municipal Health Secretariat so that new strategies for reorganizing services and training for health professionals could be encouraged, in order to adapt and enhance health care and intersectoral action as social support network to pregnant teenagers. This sectional and descriptive study with quantitative approach was performed with health professionals (physicians and nurses) that assisted directly the teenagers in prenatal care. These professionals belong to 11 Health Units which include Teaching Health Center, Basic Health Unit and Family Health Unit, totaling 36 professionals (17 physicians and 19 nurses). The Primary Care Assessment Tool (Primary Care Assessment Tool-Brazil) version for professionals was used to analyze the presence and extent of the attributes of PHC in prenatal care for adolescents. In analyzing the data, measures of central tendency (mean and median) and dispersion (standard deviation) were calculated for continuous variables and proportions were used for categorical variables. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing. The score of the 11 health units for the attribute first contact access (accessibility) was 3.5 which show a low degree of affiliation of the professionals to the PHC. The attributes longitudinality, Coordination (integration of care), Coordination (information systems) and Comprehensiveness obtained scores >=6.6 which indicate strong presence and appropriate extension for each attribute. The crucial score was below of 6.6. Among professionals working in Basic Health Units and with respect to the attributes of the PHC, the score values per attribute are as follows: Accessibility obtained score 3.4 which indicate a low degree of affiliation of the professionals from Basic Health Units to the PHC, and the other attributes obtained scores >=6.6. The crucial score was 6.4. Among the professionals working in the Family Health Units, the attribute accessibility obtained 3.6 and the other attributes obtained scores >=6.6. The crucial score was 6.6. There was therefore the best performance related to the crucial score for units with Family Health Teams. In the analysis by occupational category, it was found that the crucial scores were for strong degree of guidance to the PHC (11 Units score 6.6/ Basic Health Unit score 6.6/Family Health Program score 6.7) among physicians, while among nurses it presented low orientation degree (11 Units score 6.4/Basic Health Unit score 6.3/ Family Health Program score 6.5).

Os sistemas de saúde orientados pelos princípios da APS tem se apresentado com melhores índices de saúde e como tal, possibilita o alcance de melhor qualidade na atenção pré-natal a gestantes adolescentes, fundamental para a saúde materna e neonatal. O objetivo foi avaliar a atenção pré-natal as adolescentes em unidades da rede básica de saúde no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, segundo os atributos da Atenção Primária a Saúde, como proposto por Starfield. A relevância do estudo é fornecer informações e subsídios para a Secretaria Municipal da Saúde a fim de que novas estratégias para reorganização dos serviços e para capacitação dos profissionais de saúde possam ser fomentadas, no sentido de adequar e potencializar a atenção em saúde e a atuação intersetorial como rede de apoio social às adolescentes grávidas. Estudo seccional e descritivo de abordagem quantitativa realizado com profissionais de saúde (médicos e enfermeiros) que atendem diretamente as adolescentes no pré-natal. Tais profissionais pertencem a 11 Unidades de Saúde que inclui Centro Saúde Escola, Unidade Básica de Saúde e Unidade de Saúde da Família, perfazendo o total de 36 profissionais (17 médicos e 19 enfermeiros). Foi aplicado o instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária (Primary Care Assessment Tool- Brasil) versão profissionais para analisar a presença e extensão dos atributos da APS na atenção pré-natal as adolescentes. Na análise dos dados, para as variáveis contínuas foram calculadas as medidas de tendência central (média e mediana) e dispersão (desvio padrão) e proporções foram utilizadas para variáveis categóricas. O estudo teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto-USP. O escore das 11 unidades de saúde para o atributo Acesso de primeiro contato (acessibilidade) obteve-se escore 3,5 o que revela um baixo grau de orientação para APS dos profissionais das unidades que pertencem. Os atributos Longitudinalidade, Coordenação (integração de cuidados), Coordenação (sistemas de informação) e Integralidade obtiveram escores >= 6,6 indicam forte presença e extensão adequada de cada atributo. O Escore essencial ficou abaixo de 6,6. Com relação aos atributos da APS, entre os profissionais que atuam nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, os valores dos escores por atributo estão assim distribuídos: Acessibilidade obteve escore 3,4 o que revela um baixo grau de orientação para APS dos profissionais da UBS e os demais atributos obtiveram escores >= 6,6. O Escore essencial foi de 6,4. Entre os profissionais que atuam nas Unidades de Saúde da Família, os atributos acessibilidade obteve escore 3,6 os demais atributos obtiveram escores >= 6,6. O escore essencial foi de 6,6. Houve, portanto melhor desempenho no escore essencial para as unidades com equipes de Saúde da Família. Na análise por categoria profissional, verificamos que os escores essenciais foram de forte grau de orientação para APS (Escore 11 Unidades 6,6/Escore UBS 6,6/Escore PSF 6,7) entre os profissionais médicos, enquanto entre os enfermeiros apresenta baixo grau de orientação (Escore 11 Unidade 6,4/Escore UBS 6,3/Escore PSF 6,5). / Health systems guided by the principles of Primary Health Care (PHC) has performed with the best health indices and as such enables the achievement of better quality in prenatal care for pregnant teenagers, crucial to maternal and newborn health. The objective was to evaluate the prenatal care for adolescents conducted in units of primary care network in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, according to the attributes of Primary Health Care, as proposed by Starfield. The relevance of this study is to provide information and subsidies to the Municipal Health Secretariat so that new strategies for reorganizing services and training for health professionals could be encouraged, in order to adapt and enhance health care and intersectoral action as social support network to pregnant teenagers. This sectional and descriptive study with quantitative approach was performed with health professionals (physicians and nurses) that assisted directly the teenagers in prenatal care. These professionals belong to 11 Health Units which include Teaching Health Center, Basic Health Unit and Family Health Unit, totaling 36 professionals (17 physicians and 19 nurses). The Primary Care Assessment Tool (Primary Care Assessment Tool-Brazil) version for professionals was used to analyze the presence and extent of the attributes of PHC in prenatal care for adolescents. In analyzing the data, measures of central tendency (mean and median) and dispersion (standard deviation) were calculated for continuous variables and proportions were used for categorical variables. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing. The score of the 11 health units for the attribute first contact access (accessibility) was 3.5 which show a low degree of affiliation of the professionals to the PHC. The attributes longitudinality, Coordination (integration of care), Coordination (information systems) and Comprehensiveness obtained scores >=6.6 which indicate strong presence and appropriate extension for each attribute. The crucial score was below of 6.6. Among professionals working in Basic Health Units and with respect to the attributes of the PHC, the score values per attribute are as follows: Accessibility obtained score 3.4 which indicate a low degree of affiliation of the professionals from Basic Health Units to the PHC, and the other attributes obtained scores >=6.6. The crucial score was 6.4. Among the professionals working in the Family Health Units, the attribute accessibility obtained 3.6 and the other attributes obtained scores >=6.6. The crucial score was 6.6. There was therefore the best performance related to the crucial score for units with Family Health Teams. In the analysis by occupational category, it was found that the crucial scores were for strong degree of guidance to the PHC (11 Units score 6.6/ Basic Health Unit score 6.6/Family Health Program score 6.7) among physicians, while among nurses it presented low orientation degree (11 Units score 6.4/Basic Health Unit score 6.3/ Family Health Program score 6.5).

Ce travail de recherche s’est intéressé aux mères adolescentes du Gabon, pays d’Afrique Centrale. S’inscrivant en faux contre l’idée préconçue selon laquelle les grossesses à l’adolescence conduisent inéluctablement au décrochage scolaire, les résultats de recherche présentés dans ce document rendent plutôt compte d’expériences inverses, à savoir celles des mères adolescentes qui parviennent à persévérer dans leurs études. Le présent mémoire vise à comprendre et à analyser le vécu des jeunes filles mères scolarisées. Il questionne le parcours de vie de ces « mamans ados » et conséquemment les mécanismes qui leur permettent de concilier études et maternité. La démarche repose sur une méthode qualitative. Des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 18 jeunes filles mères scolarisées ont été conduits à Libreville, capitale gabonaise. Les jeunes filles rencontrées étaient âgées de 15 à 19 ans. Les entrevues ont été enregistrées et retranscrites. Quels sont les facteurs favorisant la conciliation études/maternité chez les jeunes filles ? Nos données ont permis de mettre en évidence quatre facteurs cruciaux à cet égard. Ces facteurs sont premièrement, une capacité d’organisation et un degré d’auto-responsabilisation très poussés chez ces jeunes filles ; deuxièmement, l’activation d’un soutien important de la part du réseau familial ; troisièmement, une implication et des aides importantes apportées par le père de l’enfant ; enfin, une valorisation affirmée de l’éducation de la part des parents de la jeune mère. Il ressort aussi de nos analyses que moyennant au moins l’un, sinon plusieurs, de ces facteurs, les jeunes mères adolescentes à Libreville parviennent à mener de front études et maternité. Cela veut dire que le décrochage scolaire chez les mères adolescentes n’est pas une fatalité si des formes d’accompagnement et de soutien existent. / This research focuses on teenage mothers in Gabon, a Central African country. It was completed against the preconceived idea that pregnancy results in the end of schooling for teenage mothers. In fact, the findings in this study demonstrate experiences in which teenage mothers are able to pursuit and complete their schooling. The purpose of the study aimed to analyse and assess the stories of these young mothers. We tried to understand the experiences of these “teen moms” and consequently, which mechanisms they used to reconcile maternity and schooling. Semi-directed interviews were conducted with 18 young mothers in Libreville, the capital of Gabon. At the time of the data collection, the mothers were between 15 to 19 years old. All of interviews were recorded and transcribed for data analysis. What are the factors that help to reconcile early parenting with schooling? The data collected show evidence of four main factors. These factors are primarily linked to the young woman’s capacity to organize and to take individual responsibility. Other factors are related to familial support, the level of commitment and implication of the baby’s father, and finally the value the young woman’s parents place on education. It appears that with at least one of these factors, young mothers in Libreville, Gabon are able to handle parenting with schooling. The results from this study demonstrate that when accompanying measures are available, early parenting does not necessarily lead to dropping out of the school system.