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Identifying factors related to adolescent sexual activity is an important issue for health care, education, and public policy. This research explores the idea that sexual identity relates to adolescent sexual activity and the riskiness of the behavior. Sexual identity is composed of many factors, including self-esteem, sexual self-efficacy, body image, and social isolation. As well, the development of sexual identity is related to age and familial relations. From a symbolic interaction perspective, the formation of sexual identity occurs through the creation of highly subjective symbols or meanings assigned to sexuality. Riskier sexual behaviors seem to occur predominantly in adolescence, and understanding the meanings associated with sexual identity may help to explain why. It was hypothesized that adolescent sexual identity would be related to whether or not adolescents had participated in sexual activity and if they had, whether such activity was safer or riskier. The data, collected from 2,373 7th through 12th graders, were part of a community-based program in a rural northwest community. Participants were divided into three groups based upon their sexual activity status of abstaining behavior, safer behavior, or riskier behavior. Group membership was determined utilizing measures of birth control use, sexually transmitted disease history, and pregnancy experience. Discriminating variables included self-esteem, sexual self-efficacy, body image, social isolation, parental monitoring, and age. Analysis revealed significant sex differences on all six discriminating variables. Stepwise discriminant function analysis found age, parental monitoring, and sexual self-efficacy to be significant contributors to the model for both sexes. The discriminant function classification, utilizing all six variables, correctly classified 93% of both females and males, illuminating the significance of sexual identity in discriminating among the groups. Older adolescents with an increased sense of sexual identity and parents who monitor their behavior, may be more inclined to participate in safer sexual behaviors. The development of sexual identity is a culmination of cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes that together help the individual see her/himself as a sexual person. The research presented here provides insight into the sexual identity of adolescents. Such knowledge may be beneficial in designing sexuality education programs designed to facilitate positive, well-developed sexual identity. / Graduation date: 1995

Much published work has pointed to the need for the development of a sound operational definition of sexual orientation in order to enable the research in this area to progress. To contribute to this process the current research set out to develop two measures of sexual orientation and examine their psychometric properties. In order to develop relevant tools historical, conceptual and operational definitions of sexual orientation were critically examined and standard questionnaire development techniques applied. The first scale consisted of 32 items and was administered to a total of 835 adolescents, comprising three sub-groups (189 Grade 11 Scholars, 547 First Year and 99 Third Year Psychology Students). A Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.85 was calculated indicating that this instrument had very good internal consistency reliability. Similar factors emerged in each of the sample sub-groups when factor analyses were performed suggesting that this instrument has good external and construct validities. These factors each had respectable Cronbach alpha coefficients indicating their own internal consistency. The four factors which consistently emerged were Same Sex Responsiveness, Opposite Sex Responsiveness, Previous Month’s Same Sex Responsiveness and Previous Month’s Opposite Sex Responsiveness. The second scale consisted of 16 items and was administered to 646 adolescents, comprising the latter two sub-groups referred to above. A Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.82 was calculated indicating that this instrument also had very good internal consistency reliability. Once again similar factors with generally good internal consistency emerged in factor analysis suggesting that this too was a valid instrument. The factors that emerged from the second scale were Same Sex Responsiveness, Unattractive Opposite Sex Responsiveness, Attractive Opposite Sex Responsiveness and Attraction. Future developments, adjustments and applications of the instruments as well as implications for the arena of sexual orientation research are discussed. In the light of the dearth of information with regard to the sexual orientations of South African adolescents the current study also briefly explored and presented the sample’s responses in terms of the dimensions of each questionnaire as well as how each emerging factor related to the demographics (education level, gender, sexual orientation self-label and age) of the sample.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000857316_20170630.pdf: 96923 bytes, checksum: 4ff0a13c235d7b6e47ef207265e6510f (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-06-30T13:45:01Z: 000857316_20170630.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-06-30T13:45:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000857316.pdf: 806596 bytes, checksum: e7e772e387667a2e4a07190935700b77 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-08-24T16:16:59Z: 000857316.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-08-24T16:17:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000857316.pdf: 806596 bytes, checksum: e7e772e387667a2e4a07190935700b77 (MD5) / Estima-se que no Brasil, desde 2000, a cada ano, um milhão de adolescentes, entre dez e vinte anos, dão a luz. A probabilidade de acontecer uma nova gestação na adolescência é alta, mais frequente em solteiras sem companheiro estável. A grande maioria das gestantes adolescentes possui baixa escolaridade e abandono escolar. Este estudo teve por objetivo geral analisar a reincidência da gravidez na adolescência, verificando os possíveis motivos que contribuem para a evasão escolar, buscando conhecer formas possíveis de contribuir para a reinserção das mães adolescentes na escola. A abordagem adotada para este estudo foi a análise documental. Participaram deste estudo quatro adolescentes, do sexo feminino, que foram atendidas pelo Serviço Público de Psicologia de uma maternidade municipal da cidade de Araraquara - SP/Brasil, no ano de 2012. Elas engravidaram mais de uma vez, e encontravam-se na faixa etária de catorze a dezenove anos, tendo em comum o fato de terem abandonado a escola. O material analisado foi composto pelo questionário socioeconômico e pela análise de um diário documental, produzido pelas adolescentes. A análise contou com temáticas do diário documental: infância, adolescência, maternidade, primeira gestação, vivência escolar, a escola após a primeira gestação, a escola a partir da segunda gestação, o retorno à escola, expectativas profissionais e laborais, família e recursos de apoio social e escolar. Dentre os principais resultados destacam-se as repercussões psicossociais e educacionais da gravidez na adolescência e a reincidência da gravidez. Ressalta-se a importância das redes de apoio (família e escola) para auxiliar a mãe adolescente. As escolas não desenvolvem programas de prevenção e educação sexual, bem como programas de intervenção para acolher as mães adolescentes, e assim evitar a evasão escolar. O estudo sugere programas de intervenção aliados com as Secretarias... / It is estimated that in Brazil since 2000, each year, one million adolescents between ten and twenty years old, give birth. The probability of occurring a new teenage pregnancy is high, more frequent in no single stable mate. The vast majority of pregnant adolescents have low education and school dropout. This study analyzes the general recurrence of teen pregnancy by checking the possible reasons contributing to truancy seeking for possible ways to contribute to the reintegration of teenage mothers in school. The approach adopted for this study was the analysis of documents. The study included four teenagers, female, treated by the Psychology of Public Service of a municipal maternity of Araraquara - SP / Brazil, in 2012. They became pregnant more than once, and were in the age group fourteen to nineteen, having in common the fact that they left school. The analyzed material was composed of the socioeconomic questionnaire and the analysis of a documentary journal, produced by adolescents. The analysis included themes of documentary diary: childhood, adolescence, motherhood, first pregnancy, school life, the school after the first pregnancy, the school from the second pregnancy, the return to school, professional and labor expectations, family and resources social and educational support. Among the main results, we highlight the psychosocial and educational consequences of teenage pregnancy and the recurrence of pregnancy. We emphasize the importance of support networks (family and school) to help teenage mothers. Schools do not develop prevention programs, sex education, and intervention programs to accommodate teenage mothers, and so avoid truancy. The study suggests intervention programs allied with the Departments of Health and Education, to develop sex education of adolescents / Se estima que en Brasil desde 2000, cada año, un millón de adolescentes de entre diez y veinte años de edad, dio a luz. La probabilidad de que ocurra un nuevo embarazo en la adolescencia es alta, más frecuente en solteras sin compañero La gran mayoría de adolescentes embarazadas tienen bajo nivel educativo y la deserción escolar. Este estudio analiza la recurrencia general de embarazo adolescente mediante la comprobación de las posibles razones que contribuyen al absentismo escolar que buscan posibles maneras de contribuir a la reintegración de las madres adolescentes en la escuela. El enfoque adoptado para este estudio fue el análisis de documentos. El estudio incluyó a cuatro adolescentes, mujeres, acompañadas por el departamento de Psicología de un Hospital Público, una maternidad municipal de Araraquara - SP / Brasil, en 2012. Ellas se embarazaron más de una vez, y se encontraban en la edad de catorce a diez y nueve años, tienen en común el hecho de que dejaron la escuela. El material analizado estaba compuesto por el cuestionario socioeconómico y el análisis de un diario documental, escrito por ellas. El análisis incluyó categorías del diario documental: la infancia, la adolescencia, la maternidad, el primer embarazo, la vida escolar, la escuela después del primer embarazo, la escuela a partir del segundo embarazo, el regreso a la escuela, recursos expectativas profesionales y laborales, familiares y apoyo social y educativo. Entre los principales resultados se destacan las consecuencias psicosociales y educativas de los embarazos en la adolescencia y la reincidencia de embarazo. Damos destaque a la importancia de las redes de apoyo (familia y escuela) para ayudar a las madres adolescentes. Las escuelas no desarrollan programas de prevención y programas de educación e intervención sobre educación sexual para dar apoyo a las madres adolescentes, y así evitar la deserción escolar. El estudio sugiere...

AFRIKAANS: Die behoefte aan 'n instrument, om die seksuele kennis, - houding en - gedrag van adolessente te assesseer ten einde 'n teikengerigte seksuele voorligtingsprogram te ontwikkel, is vanuit die literatuur geïdentifiseer. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om 'n nie-gestandardiseerde maatskaplike assesseringsinstument te ontwikkel wat die seksuele kennis, - houding en - gedrag van adolessente kan assesseer. 'n Kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gevolg met intervensie navorsing as die soort navorsing ter sprake. Die navorsingsprosedure en werkwyse was aan die hand van Rothman en Thomas (1994:28) se intervensie ontwerp en ontwikkelingsmodel se fases hanteer. Die volgende fases word in die model onderskei: (1) Probleemanalise en projekbeplanning, (2) Insameling van data en sintesevorming, (3) Ontwerp, (4) Vroeë ontwikkeling en voorlopige toetsing, (5) Evaluasie en gevorderde ontwikkeling, en (6) Disseminasie. Dit was van kardinale belang om die studie vanuit 'n spesifieke teoretiese raamwerk te benader. Na aanleiding van die kompleksiteit van seksualiteit is van 'n multi-teoretiese benadering gebruik gemaak. Die egosielkundige teorie van Erikson en die sisteemteorie is gebruik. Die rede waarom die egosielkundige teorie van Erikson hierby ingesluit is, is omdat dit die adolessentefase in konteks plaas binne die totale lewensloop van die mens. Die sisteemteorie verduidelik weer die kompleksiteit van seksualiteit in terme van die verhouding tussen die sisteme, en die elemente binne die adolessentsisteem. Die universum van hierdie studie was graad 8, 9 en 10 leerlinge van twee skole in Pretoria wie se ouers toestemming verleen het om aan die studie deel te neem. Aangesien al die respondente nie by die ondersoek betrek kon word nie, is 'n steekproef van 320 respondente by wyse van 'n proporsioneel gestratifiseerde ewekansige steekproeftrekking gekombineerd met sistemiese steekproeftrekking geselekteer. Die respondente het 'n self¬geadministreerde vraelys (assesseringsinstrument) voltooi. Deur die benutting van die nie-¬gestandardiseerde assesseringsinstrument kon die navorser daarin slaag om 'n profiel van die adolessent se seksuele kennis, - houding en - gedrag saam te stel. Voortspruitend hieruit kon gevolgtrekkings gemaak word, en aan die hand daarvan is aanbevelings gedoen rakende die inhoud van die nie-gestandaardiseerde assesseringsinstrument, die ontwikkeling van moontlike seksuele voorligtingsprogramme, asook verdere navorsing. ENGLISH: The need for an instrument that will assess the sexual knowledge, - attitude and - behaviour of the adolescent which could be used in developing a specific sexual programme for adolescent, was identified. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop a non-standardised social work assessment tool to assess the sexual knowledge, - attitude and - behaviour of the adolescent. A quantitative research approach with intervention research as the type of research was followed. The research procedures that were followed were according to the phases of the intervention design and development model of Rothman and Thomas (1994:28). The following phases can be identified in this model: (1) Problem analyse and project planning, (2) Data gathering and synthesis formulation (3) Design, (4) Early development and pilot testing, (5) Evaluation and advanced development, and (6) Dissemination. It was also important to address the study from a specific theoretical framework. Sexuality is very complex and therefore a multi-theoretical approach was used namely the ego psychological theory of Erikson and the system theory. The theory of Erikson was used due to the fact that it explains adolescence in context of the total life cycle of mankind. The system theory explains the complexity of sexuality in terms of the relationship between systems and the elements of the adolescent as a system. The universum of this study was grade 8, 9 en 10 pupils of two schools in Pretoria whose parents gave permission to participate in this study. Since not all of the respondents could participate in this study, a sample of320 respondents was selected through proportional stratificational random sampling combined with. systematic sampling. The respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire (assessment tool). The result of the utilisation of this non-standardised social work assessment tool was a profile of the adolescent's sexual knowledge, - attitude and - behaviour. Conclusions were made and resulted in recommendations regarding the content of this non-standardised social work assessment tool, the development of possible sexual programmes for adolescents, and further research that could be conducted in future. / Dissertation (MA (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to discriminate between adolescent contraceptive users and nonusers on the basis of five variables; sexual self-concept, family life education, father communication, mother communication, and years of fathers' education. Included in the sample were 116 college freshmen men and women. The results revealed four out of the five variables were able to predict group membership. Adolescent contraceptive users had scores indicating higher sexual self-concepts and more open communication with their fathers, while noncontraceptive users had more months of family life education and had more open communication with their mothers. / Master of Science

Thesis (MEd(Psych))--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Internationally there is concern about the reproductive health of adolescents. In South Africa a growing concern is the rampant sexual activity of underage learners. This study seeks to explore the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of a group of adolescents with regard to their psycho-sexual development. A qualitative study was conducted, with data being collected by using semistructured interviews, which were subsequently analysed thematically. The data was analysed and five themes emerged from the three categories (knowledge, attitudes and behaviour). The five themes that emerged were knowledge about HIV/AIDS and venereal diseases, where participants received their knowledge about sexual issues, knowledge about conception and pregnancy, attitudes about sexuality and sexual behaviours. The study found a disparity between participants' knowledge, attitudes and sexual behaviour. Many participants have not developed a healthy sexual identity because of many factors that has contributed to this development. Some of these factors were social, parental, emotional, socio-economic, lack of appropriate knowledge, media and attitudinal influences. The findings indicated that the majority of the participants had a fairly good knowledge about HIV/AIDS but were less knowledgeable about other venereal diseases. It appeared that many of the participants did not have reliable sources to furnish them adequate answers to sexuality questions. This lack of information had a direct bearing on the formation of their sexual attitudes and behaviours. There was a marked difference between the sexual practices reported by the male and female participants. More of the male participants reported that they engaged in sexual activity as compared to the female participants. The study also highlighted the interrelatedness between knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Internasionaal bestaan daar groot kommer aangaande die reproduktiewe gesondheid van adolessente. In Suid Afrika is die toenemende seksuele aktiwiteit van minderjarige leerders 'n toenemende bron van kommer. Hierdie studie het ten doelom die kennis, houdings en gedrag van 'n groep adolessente ten opsigte van hulle psigo-seksuele ontwikkeling te eksploreer. 'n Kwalitatiewe studie is uitgevoer. Data is ingesamel deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, wat tematies geanaliseer is. Vyf temas vanuit drie kategorieë (kennis, houdings en gedrag) het na vore gekom. Die vyf temas sluit in kennis aangaande HIVNIGS en veneriese siektes, waar adolessente hulle kennis aangaande seksuele sake ontvang het, kennis aangaande konsepsie en swangerskap, houdings aangaande seksualiteit en seksuele gedragsvorme. Die studie het 'n dispariteit gevind tussen deelnemers se kennis, houdings en seksuele gedrag. Baie van die deelnemers het nie seksuele identiteit ontwikkel nie, as gevolg van verskeie faktore wat hierdie ontwikkeling beïnvloed het. Sosiale, ouerlike, emosionele en sosio-ekonomiese veranderlikes, onkunde, sowel as die invloed van die media, is faktore wat bydra tot die swak ontwikkelde seksuele identiteit van deelnemers. Die bevindinge het aangetoon dat die oorgrote meerderheid van die respondente 'n redelik goeie kennis aangaande HIVNIGS het, maar nie so goed ingelig is aangaande veneriese siektes nie. Dit wil voorkom asof 'n aansienlike hoeveelheid van die deelnemers nie oor betroubare bronne beskik om hulle van die nodige antwoorde op seksuele vrae te voorsien nie. Hierdie gebrek aan informasie het 'n direkte invloed op die vorming van hul houdings aangaande seksualiteit en hul seksuele gedrag. 'n Betekenisvolle verskil is tussen die seksuele praktyke van manlike en vroulike deelnemers gevind. Meer manlike deelnemers was betrokke in seksuele bedrywighede in vergelyking met vroulike deelnemers. Die onderlinge verwantskap tussen kennis, houdings en gedrag is ook deur die studie na vore gebring.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The levels of self-efficacy for specific HIV/aids-preventive behaviour patterns for high school pupils from a previously disadvantaged community were measured. Self-efficacy can be described as an individual's perception about his/her ability to perform certain actions effectively in a specific situation. For this purpose, the Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Kasen, Vaughan and Walter (1992) was administered. A group of 227 pupils from the Macassar High School were involved in the study. The results showed that the Macassar adolescents display low self-efficacy in areas essential for HIV/aids prevention. The adolescents were especially uncertain about their ability to refuse sexual interaction where potential sexual partners are familiar or desirable and after alcohol or drugs were used. Furthermore, the Macassar adolescents showed low self-efficacy for dealing with sensitive issues concerning a sexual partner and for purchasing condoms in a shop. Regarding gender differences, the results showed that boys display lower self-efficacy than girls in relation to the behaviour patterns that where examined. Those adolescents with lower self-efficacy for refusing sexual intercourse, were also more likely to have had sexual intercourse. Regarding condom use, the results suggested that boys that are sexually active and do not use condoms, display low self-efficacy for the correct, consistent use of condoms. The role what the relationship between self-efficacy and behaviour should play in the development of HIV/aids-preventive interventions, is accentuated in the study. The emphasis must be on the building of self-effective thoughts, associated social and self-handling skills, and especially the development of programmes aimed at changing social cognitions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die self-effektiwiteitsvlakke vir spesifieke MIV/vigs-voorkomende gedragskeuses of -patrone onder hoërskoolleerlinge uit "n histories benadeelde gemeenskap is bepaal. Self-effektiwiteit kan omskryf word as "n individu se oordeeloor sy/haar vermoë om sekere aksies doeltreffend in "n spesifieke situasie te kan uitvoer. Vir dié doel is die Seksuele Self-effektiwiteitsvraelys van Kasen, Vaughan en Walter (1992) gebruik. "nGroep van 2271eerlinge van die Macassar Hoërskool is by die studie betrek. Volgens die resultate het die Macassar-adolessente lae self-effektiwiteit getoon in areas wat onontbeerlik is vir MIV/vigs-voorkoming. Die adolessente was veralonseker oor hul vermoë om seksuele omgang te weier in situasies waar potensiële seksuele maats toenemend bekend of begeerlik is en ook nadat alkoholof dwelms gebruik is. Verder toon die Macassar-adolessente lae self-effektiwiteit wat betref hul vermoë om sensitiewe aspekte van "n seksuele maat te hanteer en om kondome by "n winkel te koop. Wat geslagsverskille betref toon die resultate dat seuns laer self-effektiwiteit het as meisies wat betref die gedragskeuses of -patrone wat ondersoek is. Dit blyk ook dat respondente wat lae self-effektiwiteit getoon het vir die weiering van seksuele omgang, juis meer geneig was om seksueel aktief te wees. Ten opsigte van konsekwente kondoomgebruik, blyk dit dat seuns wat seksueel aktief is en nie van kondome gebruik maak nie, lae self-effektiwiteit getoon het juis vir die korrekte en konsekwente gebruik van kondome. Die studie beklemtoon die rol wat die verhouding tussen self-effektiwiteit en gedrag in die ontwikkeling van MIV/vigs-voorkomingsintervensies behoort te speel. Die fokus moet lê op die opbou van selfeffektiewe denke, gepaardgaande sosiale en selfhanteringsvaardighede, en veral die ontwikkeling van programme gemik op veranderinge in sosiale kognisies.