The study is to explore China¡¦s entry strategies of the multinational satellite television channels, discussing how satellite television channels of some multinational media corporations entered the highly regulated China market. As an exploratory research in essence, the study is conducted through literature analysis, case studies, and in-depth interviews. Among them, satellite television channels of the two media giants , AOL Time Warner and News Corp., are the focus of the case studies : corporate characteristics of the two multinational media corporations are taken as independent variables, while China¡¦s entry strategies of the corporations¡¦ satellite television channels are taken as dependent variables. Through this logic, the study attempts to make some propositions about the strategies used by multinational satellite television channels when entering China. Six preliminary propositions about China¡¦s entry strategies are made in the following aspects : ¡§ difference of the entry channel positioning ¡¨, ¡§ entry timing, local commitment made by the channel, and performance of the entry channel ¡¨, ¡§ value chain integration of the satellite television channel industry and local partnership ¡¨, ¡§ human resources management of the entry channel ¡¨, and ¡§ entry/ investment fields other than the satellite television channel industry ¡¨. Based on the propositions, the study then concludes that for multinational media corporations, the more inclined the parent company is categorized as multinational company in MNC category, the clearer the parent company/top manager perceives China market, the stronger the top managers¡¦ strategic intent on China market, and the richer experience the parent company owns in foreign market entry, then the more local commitment the multinational satellite television channels would make, which benefits the channel performances as a result.

La majorité des images documentaires françaises sont aujourd’hui produites par l’industrie télévisuelle, et non plus par la filière cinématographique. Je m’intéresse à la figure culturelle prééminente de la politique audiovisuelle française et européenne, ARTE. Ce travail tente de repenser les relations entre l’artistique et l’économique, l’art et les médias, à partir d’une enquête de terrain menée auprès de professionnels du documentaire. Mon analyse se structure autour de trois grands axes : l’évolution du marché du documentaire français, les changements du sens symbolique et du mode de conception des images documentaires, la redéfinition des rôles et des identités professionnelles des acteurs qui y sont impliqués. L’arrivée progressive de la télévision, conjointe à l’institutionnalisation et à la consécration du cinéma en tant que pratique artistique, bouleverse le marché du documentaire au niveau de son système économique de production, de diffusion, ainsi que les aides publiques de soutien à la création. La taxinomie « documentaire » se transforme historiquement. Née avec le cinéma, cette dernière perd sa qualification d’activité artistique en s’intégrant progressivement au système médiatique du petit écran. Pour comprendre les processus diachroniques par lesquels s’effectue l’hybridation du cinéma et de l’audiovisuel, il semble nécessaire d'analyser les « opérateurs de genre » , i.e. ceux qui le définissent. Pour mieux comprendre les récentes transformations de la programmation documentaire d’ARTE, j’analyse les mécanismes de sa production et les rôles et les places de ceux qui y participent. La création se développe autour de processus de socialisation et de coopération complexifiés, erratiques et souvent conflictuels. L’arrivée d’un nouvel acteur prépondérant dans la création, salarié de la télévision, suscite de profondes mutations dans la chaîne de production des images. / Today the majority of the French documentary pictures are produced by the television industry, and not anymore by the film sector. I am interested in the pre-eminent cultural figure of the French and European broadcasting policy, ARTE. This work tries to rethink the relations between the artistic and the economic, the art and the media, from a field study carried out- held with documentary’s professionals. My analysis develops its structure around three main lines : the evolution of the French documentary’s market , the changes of the symbolic sense and the mode of conception of the documentary pictures, the redefinition of the roles-functions and professional identities of the actors who are implied in the process. The television’s progressive arrival, together with the institutionalization and the establishment of the cinema as artistic practice, disrupted-changed completely the documentary’s market at the level of its economic system of production, distribution [broadcasting], as well as the public subsidies-funds to support the creation. The taxonomy "documentary" is historically transformed. Born with the cinema, this last one loses its qualification of artistic activity by becoming gradually integrated into the media system of the small screen. To understand the diachronic processes by which is made the hybridization of the genres cinema and broadcasting, it seems necessary to analyze the « operators of genre » , i.e. those who define it. To understand better the new documentary programming of ARTE, I analyze the mechanisms of its production and those who participate in it. The creation develops around complicated, erratic and often conflicting processes of socialization and cooperation. The arrival of a new dominating actor in the creation, a television’s employee, causes profound changes in the production line of the pictures.

This dissertation investigates the brand identities of the South African Broadcasting Corporation television channels SABC1, SABC2 and SABC3 during the first decade of the 2000s (from 2000 to 2009). The study explores the manifestation and dissemination of dominant political ideologies and myths by the SABC television channels and their respective brand identities. It is argued that SABC television channels are structured and organised according to specific brand ideologies that match dominant political ideologies prevalent in South Africa. This is evident from the manner in which these channels have been organised, defined and redefined over the past years, and also from the self-promotional visual imagery shown by the television channels. The visual brand identities of each channel create the elements that make up each channel’s visual vocabulary, and each visual vocabulary in turn contributes to notions of “South Africanness” and definitions of South African identity. The study also explores the main concepts of ideology theory as a critical discursive practice to assist in a better understanding of the power relations in the SABC and its channel brands in particular. Some developments and changes in the SABC brand identities and the organisation of its television channels are studied from a historical perspective and correlated with ideology theory. In order to do this, the study also draws from semiotic theory. The author notes the semiotic quality of a brand and argues that the process of branding, the process of semiosis and the process of the dissemination of political ideologies bear structural resemblance. Basic definitions and key concepts of branding and corporate identity contribute to an enhanced understanding of the visual brand identities of the SABC television channels. An exploration of the elements specific to television channel branding helps to determine the signs, codes and meanings in SABC television channel branding. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Visual Arts / unrestricted