M.A. (Communication Studies) / SABC television coverage of general and municipal elections is regularly subjected to close scrutiny. The analyses made in these instances often concentrate on quantitative research of the time allocated to political parties, or analyses of the content of news reports, and items which are either ignored or used by the SABC. The controversy surrounding approaches such as this (and hence the motivation for this dissertation) is emphasised in Adams et al (1986: 155): "The irony of television news research in the social sciences is, that instead of producing studies of the audiovisual content of newscasts, it has largely resulted in research on verbal content alone." It is readily apparent, as attested by Adams that a lack of visual media research is a general phenomenon throughout the world. Quantitative research is practised with the use of stop watches and verbal analysis of content, but an important element of bias, viz. visual manipulation, is largely neglected. This study endeavours to create a broad framework for the analysis of visual bias. The handling of the 1987 and 1989 election campaigns on television by the SABC serves as material. Initially, the concept "propaganda" is discussed. It is noted that universally, "propaganda" has a negative. connotation in both research and practice. Due to the negative connotation of "propaganda", it is altogether underrated in the field of communication: it describes a phenomenon that occurs in totalitarian regimes and very seldom, it is assumed, in liberal democracies. The methods, applications, history and definitions of the term "propaganda" are discussed. Semiology and the possibilities of visual manipulation are subjects of discussion. It is noted that the viewer's experience of visual signs is naturally subjective. Andre (1984: 21) suggests that television can communicate truth or it can serve to present an aesthetic code, but it never engages the viewer directly with reality: "the camera never lies"; but the humans who manipulate it may do so...

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Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

by Yu Ding-bor. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Bibliography: leaves 98-104.

Three sound bites, Whatever it takes (55 seconds), Safer, Stronger (30 seconds), and War on Terror (30 seconds), of President George W. Bush during the presidential election of 2004 will be explored and unpacked.

Orientador: Áureo Busetto / Banca: Edvaldo Correa Sotana / Banca: Osmani Ferreira da Costa / Banca: Carlos Alberto Sampaio Barbosa / Banca: José Luiz Bendicho Beired / Resumo: Esta tese é pautada pelo objetivo central de analisar historicamente a encampação das medidas relacionadas ao uso educativo da televisão brasileira, promovidas, principalmente após 1964, com a instauração do regime militar no Brasil, tomando como eixo norteador as relações sociais e políticas que tornaram possível a Fundação Centro Brasileiro de TV Educativa (FCBTVE). Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como intento trazer a lume dados e análises que permitam defender a tese de que a televisão educativa foi estabelecida de maneira complementar ao modelo televisivo comercial vigente desde a década de 1950 no Brasil, promovida como solução para os diversos problemas educacionais brasileiros e até usada como justificativa para uma série de projetos e investimentos no setor, mas com resultados limitados, pois não pôde contar com uma organização sólida, fértil e coerente para tal feito. As emissoras e programas educativos foram estabelecidos de maneira complementar em função de se restringirem a preencher lacunas deixadas pelas emissoras comercias, em termos de programação, apesar dos compromissos legais dessas emissoras com o interesse público e de seu papel educativo. Conforme foi propagandeado, a principal incumbência da televisão educativa era a de suprir a fragilidade do sistema educacional brasileiro. No entanto, o governo militar não estabeleceu políticas sólidas e bem coordenadas para o desenvolvimento da televisão educativa, gerando resultados e ganhos bastante limitados / Abstract: The main purpose of this thesis was to historically analyze the expropriation of standards related to the educational use of Brazilian television. It was primarily promoted after 1964 with the establishment of the military regime in Brazil that used as guiding axis the social and political relations that made possible the creation of the Brazilian Center for Educational TV Foundation (FCBTVE). Thus, this work aimed to enlighten data and analyzes that defends the thesis that educational television was established as complementary to the commercial television model in force since the 1950s in Brazil. This actual model was promoted as a solution to many brazilian educational problems and were even used as justification for a several projects and investments in the sector that presented limited results since it did not have a solid, prolific and coherent organization. Broadcasters and educational shows were established in complementary manner, as they were restricted to filling gaps left by commercial broadcasters in terms of programming, despite the legal commitments to the public interest and their educational role. As advertised, the main role of educational television was to overcome the fragility of the brazilian educational system. However, the military government did not establish solid and well-coordinated policies for the development of educational television generating rather limited results and gains / Doutor

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Bowling Green State University, 2007. / Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 186 p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 357 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-137).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 360-391).

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