Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The aim of the dissertation was to present technical possibilities of scanning and measuring the body temperature and provide a method for a non-contact measurement of body surface temperatureof animals including data transfer to higher-level software. Partial results can be part of an automated herd management system to ensure better animal welfare monitoring. One method of contactless measuring the surface temperature was taking the surface temperature by using an infrared camera. This tool was used to scan surface temperatures in the area of the body core, the udder region and the eye area. Thermograms, sometimes referred to as thermal imaging, were obtained from the individual regions. In total, there were 34 measurements in 2013 and 17 measurements in 2014.Cows from Petrovice centre were included in the experiment. Three different groups of dairy cows were evaluated in two different stables. In the first group there were cows which gave birth 2 days to 2 months before. The second group consisted of dairy cows which calved 4 to 5 months before. The third group included dairy cows which gave birth 7 to 8 months before. Based on the results of measurements of selected surface temperatures, it was found that the surface core temperature and the udder surface temperature correlated most. However, when measuring surface temperatures, the degree of pollution, coating, and oscillation of the animal play an important role. Moreover, technological parameters of the device are also important, specially its setting and the emissivity of the surface. This experiment ran from August to September 2016 in a purpose-built schoolhouse facility in an experimental stable accredited for experimental purposes. The experiment included two clinically healthy cows of the Holstein breed, which had been implanted with the identification chip and tested for its functionality. This chip was implanted to both animals in the tail root region and was fitted with a biological function sensor that followed the body temperature of the animal. The device was adapted to send animal identification information and animal body temperature information by means of a wireless connection to the chip reader. Based on the findings, one or more systems, preferably non-contact body temperature scanning, could be designed and tested. Regarding the use of other surface temperature scanning possibilities, this is still in the process of development and implementation. The disadvantage of the above described device is that it fails to recognize the cause of the elevated temperature and requires intervention by the attendant without the intervention being necessary. The attending keeper may not recognize acute cases and may cause permanent damage to the health or even death of the animal. The task of the device is to find a method of unattended animal temperature measurement connected with its electronic identification that would recognize sick or infected animals from overheated ones. This device would categorize the animals and take precautions to preserve their health. The invention should be applicable to a wide variety of animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / As formulações de eletrocatalisadores Pt:(Ce0,9Y0,1O2)+Pt/C Etek, Pt:(Ce0,9Ru0,1O2)+Pt/C Etek, Pt:Ce0,9Y0,1O2/C e Pt:Ce0,9Ru0,1O2+RuO2/C foram preparados pelo método da redução por álcool e caracterizados por difração de raios X (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). A tolerância ao CO foi estudada utilizando o stripping de CO e medidas de curvas de polarização em células unitárias alimentadas com misturas de H2/CO no ânodo e oxigênio no cátodo, na temperatura de 80ºC e pressão absoluta de 2 bar para ânodo e cátodo. Os testes em células a combustível tipo PEMFC mostraram que a oxidação do CO adsorvido a CO2 na superfície da platina ocorre em potenciais menos positivos quando comparado com o catalisador comercial, Pt/C Etek, mostrando tolerância ao CO adsorvido nos eletrocatalisadores de Pt:Ce0,9Y0,1O2/C e Pt:(Ce0,9Ru0,1O2+RuO2)/C. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O presente trabalho estudou os efeitos das intera»c~oes hiper¯nas em dois sistemas de ¶oxidos: RCoO3 (R = Gd e Tb) com estrutura perovskita e ¯lmes ¯nos monocristalinos de HfO2 por meio da t¶ecnica de Correla»c~ao Angular Gama-Gama Perturbada (CAP), com o objetivo de fazer um estudo sistem¶atico do comportamento da varia»c~ao do gradiente de campo el¶etrico em fun»c~ao da temperatura. Para realiza»c~ao das medidas de intera»c~oes de quadrupolo el¶etrico utilizamos como de pontas de prova os n¶ucleos 111In ¡!111 Cd e o 181Hf ¡!181 Ta. As amostras de perovskitas foram confeccionadas por meio de um processo qu¶³mico denominado Sol-Gel e as an¶alises foram realizadas com aux¶³lio de difra»c~ao de raios-X. As pontas de prova foram inseridas nas solu»c~oes qu¶³micas durante o preparo das amostras. Os ¯lmes ¯nos foram fornecidos pelo Laborat¶orio de Intera»c~oes Hiper¯nas da Universidade de Lisboa e a ponta de prova de 181Hf foi ativada por meio da irradia»c~ao do ¯lme ¯no no reator IEA-R1 do IPEN no tempo adequado a espessura do ¯lme. As medidas foram realizadas na faixa de temperatura de 10 - 1560 K. Os resultados das medidas das amostras de perovskita indicam uma depend^encia do GCE com o s¶³tio de ocupa»c~ao dos ¶atomos da ponta de prova e uma varia»c~ao do GCE com a temperatura, que pode ser explicada por transi»c~oes de spins no ¶atomo de Co. As medidas do GCE dos ¯lmes ¯nos com mesma espessura apresentam uma segunda fra»c~ao, al¶em daquela correspondente a freqÄu^encia da HfO2 em amostras de bulk. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Com o propósito de melhorar a estabilidade dimensional, melhorar propriedades de resistência elétrica, mecânica, ao calor entre outras dos polímeros, novas cargas e reforços são testados com esse propósito. As cargas mais utilizadas, para propiciar as características mencionadas anteriormente, são as fibras de vidro e de carbono, as cargas minerais como o carbonato de cálcio precipitado, o talco e a micro esfera de vidro. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar as potencialidades da cinza da casca de arroz (CCA) como uma carga, já que ela é constituída em 96% de dióxido de silício e compará-la com o talco que é a carga mineral mais utilizada. Estes estudos foram realizados a partir da elaboração de um composto formado pela cinza da casca de arroz refinada e a poliamida 6 (PA 6) que é um dos principais plásticos de engenharia com aplicações em todas as áreas produtivas. As amostras foram injetadas e irradiadas em um acelerador de elétrons. Posteriormente suas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas foram medidas. Também foram injetadas peças automotivas para verificar a processabilidade da PA 6 com CCA. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização da cinza da casca de arroz como carga para compostos de poliamida 6 é tecnicamente e economicamente viável. A irradiação do composto estudado (PA 6 com 30% de cinza da casca de arroz) não trouxe melhorias significativas nas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas avaliadas. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Aufgrund der komplexen Strahler-Werkstoff-Wechselwirkung beim Erwärmen von Kunststoffen mit Infrarotstrahlung ist in vielen Infrarotschweißprozessen eine Rauchentwicklung zu beobachten. Diese tritt oftmals bei ruß- und/oder glasfasergefüllten Kunststoffen auf und resultiert in einem thermisch-oxidativen Werkstoffabbau, welcher zu einer Abnahme der mechanischen und thermischen Verbindungseigenschaften führt. Die Rauchbildung kann zudem lufttechnische Maßnahmen, wie Absaugeinrichtungen, an der Schweißmaschine erforderlich machen. Der Problematik der Rauchentwicklung beim Infrarotschweißen (IR-Schweißen) von Kunststoffen wird derzeit mit zeitintensiven, empirischen Voruntersuchungen zur Parameterfindung entgegengewirkt. Ziel ist es Strahlerabstands-Erwärmzeit-Kombinationen zu finden, die zu einer ausreichenden Schmelzeerzeugung bei möglichst niedriger thermisch-oxidativer Werkstoffbelastung führen. Ein Ansatz zur Reduzierung des Vorversuchsaufwandes ist die Temperaturmessung der bestrahlten Substratoberfläche, welche unterhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur des bestrahlten Kunststoffs liegen sollte. Derzeitig können jedoch nur ergänzende thermographische und pyrometrische Temperaturmesssysteme eingesetzt werden, welche eine vergleichende Messung der Prozesstemperaturen beim IR-Schweißen ermöglichen und die Prozessstabilität des IR-Schweißprozesses in einem festgelegten Prozessfenster gewährleisten. Eine Messung der tatsächlichen Kunststofftemperaturen ist mit diesen Systemen nicht möglich. Aktuell hat eine Änderung der zu schweißenden Kunststoffe, der Füllstoffe (z. B. Glasfasern) oder ein Schwanken der Füll-und Verstärkungsstoffgehalte der Kunststoffe zur Folge, dass neue Voruntersuchungen zur Prozessparameterfindung des IR-Schweißprozesses notwendig werden. Aufgrund dessen entwickeln die Professur Kunststoffe an der Technischen Universität Chemnitz und die Firma Eugen Riexinger aus Bad Liebenzell eine Temperaturmessmethodik zur Bestimmung der tatsächlich auftretenden Substrattemperaturen während der Infraroterwärmung von Kunststoffen. Die Methodik soll eine IR-Erwärmung von Kunststoffen auf eine kunststoffabhängige Soll-Temperatur ermöglichen und verhindert so die Rauchbildung während der IR-Erwärmung und damit die thermisch-oxidative Werkstoffschädigung. Der Beitrag beschreibt die aktuell auftretenden Herausforderungen beim IR-Schweißen von Kunststoffen, die gewählte Herangehensweise an die Entwicklung der Temperaturmessmethodik zur Bestimmung der tatsächlichen Substrattemperatur sowie die Ergebnisse des Entwicklungsprozesses.

This thesis is about the calculation of a spectral radiance for the K-corona, the continuius spectral part which arise from the Thomson scattering of a solar radiance of free electrons in the corona. Also the Doppler effect is described as it smooth down a solar spectrum (with many absorption lines) to a smoother spectrum of the K-corona. It’s also possible to determine the temperature of free electrons from spectral shape, from which proceeds the method of temperature measurement. NASA intends to use this method on the probe ONSET. Also, temperature definition and its significance are discussed.

Diploma thesis was dealing with design of the device for measuring the mean temperature in a channel of any cross-section. First, the theory of heat, heat transfer and fluid flow was summarized. Theory was focused specially on the uneven temperature distribution in the flowing medium. Furthermore, a general overview of commercially used temperature sensors and developed sensors with applicability to the investigated problematics was elaborated. Then, a device for sensing mean temperature in a flow channel for several different diameters has been fully designed and developed. The device included the temperature sensor itself, the necessary measurement electronics and its programming, and a simple measurement data application.

The main task of the Master Thesis is to project a device to measure surface temperature distribution by matrix of diodes. The maeasuring device is designed for usage at places where other thermal map scanning measuring methods (e.g. thermocamera) can not be used. The key objective was to design an appropriate measuring method for selected type of sensor. This method should ensure the most effective detection of the changing value, translate received values to the digital form and send it to the computer. All circuits were powered over USB (Universal Serial Bus) together with the signalling. Calibration was needed due to different sensors technical parameters. The calibration was realized on the software level and displayed with the thermal map scanning on the computer. The final project has the form of the measuring installation with 256 sensors on 8x8 cm area.