The research presented here provides a deeper assessment of the effects of economic sanctions on Iran’s economy, especially macroeconomic variables. According to the study project, the exposure of Iran’s nuclear program prompted the international community; the US, the UN, and the EU to impose severe economic sanctions on Iran. Indeed, the sanctions targeted macro variables of the economy and people in order to influence the Iranian leadership’s political conduct. So, this research aims to investigate the rationale behind and efficacy of sanctions against Iran and add a fresh viewpoint to the sanctions debate, which has typically claimed that sanctions are ineffective even though governments frequently choose to employ them. Considering the sanctions placed on Iran initially were less economic and gradually became more severe, the impact of the sanctions between 2000 and 2015 was investigated through a comparative case study of Iran. Despite disagreements concerning the effectiveness of sanctions, this paper concludes that sanctions are a far more successful instrument than military action because economic pressures and financial difficulty finally compelled Iran to return to discussions and ratify the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in 2014.