Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-05-18T17:34:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ANTONIO_GOYA_DE_ALMEIDA_MARTINS-COSTA_PARCIAL.pdf: 608697 bytes, checksum: 8c4b8e7aedd70bed44e62abaf5a3966f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T17:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ANTONIO_GOYA_DE_ALMEIDA_MARTINS-COSTA_PARCIAL.pdf: 608697 bytes, checksum: 8c4b8e7aedd70bed44e62abaf5a3966f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aim to study a set of problems that derived from the equiparation of the omission to the action in improper omissive crimes (Gleichstellungsproblematik) in contemporary criminal law, all that from the theory of the position of guarantee (Theorie der Garantenstellung). In other words, this research intends to investigate the merits and demerits of some of the most important theories found in contemporary literature commonly used to explain the aforementioned phenomenon. The methodology select by us to solve the questions raised was the bibliographical review of several studies presented in order to elucidate the problem at hand. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. The first one seeks to demonstrates how this problem was posed by the criminal dogmatics and, consequently, aim to discusses the reasons why a set of notorious proposals defend that the two forms of conduct (omission of the impediment of a result and its production by an action) must receive the same treatment under criminal law. The next three chapters analyze three different theories built around the problem we seek to investigate (material-formal theories, Jakobs theory and Sch?nemann's theory). In each chapter, after characterizing the aforementioned theories, we intend to list the objections commonly made by de doctrine to them and, afterwards, present a set of critical observations. The fifth chapter summarizes the main points discussed in the course of this investigation, concluding that the Sch?nemann's approach is the theoretical perspective that - if nuanced with a formal-material theory - offers us a more plausible and coherent solution for the problems posed by the theory of the position of guarantee. This positioning surely reduces the scope of guarantee of supervision and control of sources of danger only to obligations of insurance in legal traffic (Verkehrssicherungspflichten), denying rescue duties (Rettungspflichten) in the position of guarantee by interference. One of the main conclusions of the research is that the starting point for the solution of the ?problem of equalization? must be an argument based on the idea of similarity. That similarity must be found in the analytical structure that justifies the imputation of the result to both the commission and the omission conducts. / A disserta??o tem como objeto de estudo a problem?tica da equipara??o da omiss?o ? a??o nos crimes omissivos impr?prios (Gleichstellungsproblematik) no direito penal contempor?neo a partir da teoria da posi??o de garantia (Theorie der Garantenstellung). O objetivo ? investigar o fundamento da posi??o de garantia analisando os m?ritos e dem?ritos de algumas das teorias encontradas na literatura contempor?nea para explicar esse fen?meno. A metodologia empregada foi a revis?o bibliogr?fica, com exposi??o e an?lise de diversas propostas de solu??o da problem?tica da equipara??o. A disserta??o est? dividida em cinco cap?tulos. O primeiro deles demonstra a forma como o referido problema se colocou para a dogm?tica penal e discorre sobre as diversas propostas que a doutrina apresentou para tentar justificar que duas formas diversas de conduta (omiss?o do impedimento de um resultado e a sua produ??o por uma a??o) recebessem o mesmo tratamento pelo direito penal. Os tr?s cap?tulos seguintes analisam tr?s propostas completamente diferentes de fundamenta??o te?rica da posi??o de garantia que est?o presentes no direito penal contempor?neo (teorias materiaisformais, teoria de Jakobs e teoria de Sch?nemann). Em cada um desses cap?tulos, ap?s a exposi??o da teoria, apresentam-se as obje??es feitas a ela que foram encontradas na literatura, tomando-se posi??o. O quinto cap?tulo faz uma recapitula??o e s?ntese dos principais pontos tratados ao longo da investiga??o, chegando-se ? conclus?o de que a teoria de Sch?nemann, matizada com uma teoria material-formal ? aquela que oferece uma solu??o mais plaus?vel e coerente para a teoria da posi??o de garantia. Esse posicionamento acarreta a redu??o do ?mbito da garantia de supervis?o e controle de fontes de perigo apenas a deveres de asseguramento no tr?fego jur?dico (Verkehrssicherungspflichten), negando os deveres de salvamento (Rettungspflichten) na posi??o de garantia por inger?ncia. Uma das principais conclus?es ? que o ponto de partida para a resolu??o da problem?tica da equipara??o deve ser um argumento de similitude, o qual h? de ser encontrado na estrutura que justifica a imputa??o do resultado tanto ? comiss?o quanto ? omiss?o.