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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Entropia de bloco no formalismo estat?stico generalizado de Kaniadakis

Souza, Nyladih Theodory Clemente Mattos de 17 July 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:15:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NyladihTCMS_DISSERT_Parte 1 de 2.pdf: 4299852 bytes, checksum: ef7b0db6c55ea2cc42d562b5e6370abf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-17 / A posi??o que a renomada estat? stica de Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) ocupa no cen?rio cientif?co e incontest?vel, tendo um ?mbito de aplicabilidade muito abrangente. Por em, muitos fen?menos f?sicos n?o podem ser descritos por esse formalismo. Isso se deve, em parte, ao fato de que a estat?stica de BG trata de fen?menos que se encontram no equil?brio termodin?mico. Em regi?es onde o equil?brio t?rmico n?o prevalece, outros formalismos estat?sticos devem ser utilizados. Dois desses formalismos emergiram nas duas ultimas d?cadas e s?o comumente denominados de q-estat?stica e k-estat?stica; o primeiro deles foi concebido por Constantino Tsallis no final da d?cada de 80 e o ultimo por Giorgio Kaniadakis em 2001. Esses formalismos possuem car?ter generalizador e, por isso, contem a estat?stica de BG como caso particular para uma escolha adequada de certos par?metros. Esses dois formalismos, em particular o de Tsallis, nos conduzem tamb?m a refletir criticamente sobre conceitos t?o fortemente enraizados na estat ?stica de BG como a aditividade e a extensividade de certas grandezas f?sicas. O escopo deste trabalho esta centrado no segundo desses formalismos. A k -estatstica constitui n?o s? uma generaliza??o da estat?stica de BG, mas, atraves da fundamenta??o do Princ?pio de Intera??o Cin?tico (KIP), engloba em seu ?mago as celebradas estat?sticas qu?nticas de Fermi- Dirac e Bose-Einstein; al?m da pr?pria q-estat?stica. Neste trabalho, apresentamos alguns aspectos conceituais da q-estat?stica e, principalmente, da k-estat?stica. Utilizaremos esses conceitos junto com o conceito de informa??o de bloco para apresentar um funcional entr?pico espelhado no formalismo de Kaniadakis que ser? utilizado posteriormente para descrever aspectos informacionais contidos em fractais tipo Cantor. Em particular, estamos interessados em conhecer as rela??es entre par?metros fractais, como a dimens?o fractal, e o par?metro deformador. Apesar da simplicidade, isso nos proporcionar?, em trabalho futuros, descrever estatisticamente estruturas mais complexas como o DNA, super-redes e sistema complexos
2

Contribui??es aos Processos de Clustering com Base em M?tricas n?o-Euclidianas

Martins, Allan de Medeiros 08 March 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanMM_capaatecap3.pdf: 1884008 bytes, checksum: e5ac07ccdc460d8abf9ed5ff7c0400de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-08 / In this work we present a new clustering method that groups up points of a data set in classes. The method is based in a algorithm to link auxiliary clusters that are obtained using traditional vector quantization techniques. It is described some approaches during the development of the work that are based in measures of distances or dissimilarities (divergence) between the auxiliary clusters. This new method uses only two a priori information, the number of auxiliary clusters Na and a threshold distance dt that will be used to decide about the linkage or not of the auxiliary clusters. The number os classes could be automatically found by the method, that do it based in the chosen threshold distance dt, or it is given as additional information to help in the choice of the correct threshold. Some analysis are made and the results are compared with traditional clustering methods. In this work different dissimilarities metrics are analyzed and a new one is proposed based on the concept of negentropy. Besides grouping points of a set in classes, it is proposed a method to statistical modeling the classes aiming to obtain a expression to the probability of a point to belong to one of the classes. Experiments with several values of Na e dt are made in tests sets and the results are analyzed aiming to study the robustness of the method and to consider heuristics to the choice of the correct threshold. During this work it is explored the aspects of information theory applied to the calculation of the divergences. It will be explored specifically the different measures of information and divergence using the R?nyi entropy. The results using the different metrics are compared and commented. The work also has appendix where are exposed real applications using the proposed method / Neste trabalho apresentamos um novo m?todo de clustering que agrupa pontos de um conjunto de dados em classes. O m?todo baseia-se em um algoritmo para liga??o de clusters auxiliares que s?o obtidos usando-se t?cnicas de quantiza??o vetorial tradicionais. S?o descritas algumas abordagens durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho que baseiam-se em medidas de dist?ncia ou dissimilaridade (diverg?ncia) entre os clusters auxiliares. Este novo m?todo utiliza apenas duas informa??es a priori, a saber: o n?mero de centros auxiliares Na e uma dist?ncia de limiar dt que ser? utilizada para decidir sobre a liga??o ou n?o dos clusters auxilares. O n?mero de clusters pode ser automaticamente encontrado pelo m?todo, que o faz com base na dist?ncia limiar dt escolhida. Analogamente, o n?mero de classes, pode ser fornecido como informa??o adicional para auxiliar na escolha do limiar correto. Algumas an?lises s?o feitas e os resultados s?o comparados com outros m?todos tradicionais de clustering. Neste trabalho s?o analisadas diferentes m?tricas de dissimilaridade e uma nova m?trica baseada no conceito de negentropia ? proposta. Al?m de agrupar pontos de um conjunto de classes, ? proposto um m?todo para o modelamento estat?stico das classes de modo a se obter uma express?o para a probabilidade de um ponto pertencer a uma das classes. Experimentos com diversos valores de Na e dt s?o realizados em conjuntos de teste e os resultados s?o analisados de maneira a se estudar a robustez do m?todo e propor heur?sticas para a escolha do limiar correto. No trabalho s?o explorados os aspectos de teoria da informa??o aplicados ao c?lculo das diverg?ncias. S?o exploradas em particular as diferen?as medidas de informa??o e diverg?ncia utilizando a entropia de R?nyi. Os resultados utilizando as diferentes m?tricas s?o comparados e comentados. O trabalho ainda conta com ap?ndices onde s?o expostas aplica??es reais utilizando o m?todo proposto
3

Descri??o n?o-convencional de fractais generalizados de Cantor e de sequ?ncias cromoss?micas do DNA humano no Formalismo de Kaniadakis

Souza, Nyladih Theodory Clemente Mattos de 16 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-19T21:40:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NyladihTheodoryClementeMattosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 11583888 bytes, checksum: 81d8b2a2eaea96b182493c2079fac5b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-21T17:08:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NyladihTheodoryClementeMattosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 11583888 bytes, checksum: 81d8b2a2eaea96b182493c2079fac5b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T17:08:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NyladihTheodoryClementeMattosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 11583888 bytes, checksum: 81d8b2a2eaea96b182493c2079fac5b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / No presente trabalho, apresentamos uma an?lise, via teoria de informa??o no contexto da estat?stica generalizada de Kaniadakis, de conjuntos generalizados de Cantor (tipo d-(m,r)), e do cromossomo Y do DNA humano. Os objetivos de nosso estudo s?o determinar, atrav?s da k-entropia (que ? adequada para sistemas com correla??es de longo alcance) as leis de escala, comportamentos auto-similares e dimens?es fractais caracter?sticas desses dois sistemas: um determin?stico, e outro encontrado na natureza. Para o conjunto generalizado de Cantor, determinamos anal?tica e numericamente os valores de k que tornam a entropia linear com o tamanho do sistema, obtendo uma rela??o entre k (o par?metro de deforma??o), a dimens?o fractal (df) e a dimens?o de suporte (d). Usando o conceito de blocos, mostramos que para intervalos arbitr?rios de L (tamanho do sistema), e s (tamanho do bloco de informa??o) a k-entropia apresenta comportamento auto-similar, bem como um comportamento tipo lei de pot?ncia com respeito a s. Na an?lise entr?pica do cromossomo Y observamos que, independentemente do valor de k, a entropia de Kaniadakis, quando apresentada em fun??o do tamanho do sistema, apresenta em geral (mas n?o sempre) tr?s regimes: um oscilat?rio, um monotonicamente linear, e outro de satura??o. Este ?ltimo ? resultado do fato de que a entropia ? extensiva, e o sistema ? finito. O segundo regime, por sua vez, denota uma ordem interna aparente. No entanto, n?o foi poss?vel observar um comportamento auto-similar. Nossa an?lise restringiu-se ? parte codificante do cromossomo Y, onde desprezamos os trechos n?o-codificantes.
4

An?lise de Agrupamentos Com Base na Teoria da Informa??o: Uma Abordagem Representativa

Ara?jo, Daniel Sabino Amorim de 18 March 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielSAA_TESE_inicio_pag67.pdf: 3521346 bytes, checksum: 030bba7c8ca800b8151b345676b6759c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Currently, one of the biggest challenges for the field of data mining is to perform cluster analysis on complex data. Several techniques have been proposed but, in general, they can only achieve good results within specific areas providing no consensus of what would be the best way to group this kind of data. In general, these techniques fail due to non-realistic assumptions about the true probability distribution of the data. Based on this, this thesis proposes a new measure based on Cross Information Potential that uses representative points of the dataset and statistics extracted directly from data to measure the interaction between groups. The proposed approach allows us to use all advantages of this information-theoretic descriptor and solves the limitations imposed on it by its own nature. From this, two cost functions and three algorithms have been proposed to perform cluster analysis. As the use of Information Theory captures the relationship between different patterns, regardless of assumptions about the nature of this relationship, the proposed approach was able to achieve a better performance than the main algorithms in literature. These results apply to the context of synthetic data designed to test the algorithms in specific situations and to real data extracted from problems of different fields / Atualmente, um dos maiores desafios para o campo de minera??o de dados ? realizar a an?lise de agrupamentos em dados complexos. At? o momento, diversas t?cnicas foram propostas mas, em geral, elas s? conseguem atingir bons resultados dentro de dom?nios espec?ficos, n?o permitindo, dessa maneira, que exista um consenso de qual seria a melhor forma para agrupar dados. Essas t?cnicas costumam falhar por fazer suposi??es nem sempre realistas sobre a distribui??o de probabilidade que modela os dados. Com base nisso, o trabalho proposto neste documento cria uma nova medida baseada no Potencial de Informa??o Cruzado que utiliza pontos representativos do conjunto de dados e a estat?stica extra?da diretamente deles para medir a intera??o entre grupos. A abordagem proposta permite usar todas as vantagens desse descritor de informa??o e contorna as limita??es impostas a ele pela sua pr?pria forma de funcionamento. A partir disso, duas fun??es custo de otimiza??o e tr?s algoritmos foram constru?dos para realizar a an?lise de agrupamentos. Como o uso de Teoria da Informa??o permite capturar a rela??o entre diferentes padr?es, independentemente de suposi??es sobre a natureza dessa rela??o, a abordagem proposta foi capaz de obter um desempenho superior aos principais algoritmos citados na literatura. Esses resultados valem tanto para o contexto de dados sint?ticos desenvolvidos para testar os algoritmos em situa??es espec?ficas quanto em dados extra?dos de problemas reais de diferentes naturezas
5

Contribui??es para a an?lise de sinais neuronais e biom?dicos

Santos, V?tor Lopes dos 03 March 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorLS_DISSERT.pdf: 1833534 bytes, checksum: 72ebc7d9d8be6ba8ae53eaad106afa8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Following the new tendency of interdisciplinarity of modern science, a new field called neuroengineering has come to light in the last decades. After 2000, scientific journals and conferences all around the world have been created on this theme. The present work comprises three different subareas related to neuroengineering and electrical engineering: neural stimulation; theoretical and computational neuroscience; and neuronal signal processing; as well as biomedical engineering. The research can be divided in three parts: (i) A new method of neuronal photostimulation was developed based on the use of caged compounds. Using the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA caged by a ruthenium complex it was possible to block neuronal population activity using a laser pulse. The obtained results were evaluated by Wavelet analysis and tested by non-parametric statistics. (ii) A mathematical method was created to identify neuronal assemblies. Neuronal assemblies were proposed as the basis of learning by Donald Hebb remain the most accepted theory for neuronal representation of external stimuli. Using the Marcenko-Pastur law of eigenvalue distribution it was possible to detect neuronal assemblies and to compute their activity with high temporal resolution. The application of the method in real electrophysiological data revealed that neurons from the neocortex and hippocampus can be part of the same assembly, and that neurons can participate in multiple assemblies. (iii) A new method of automatic classification of heart beats was developed, which does not rely on a data base for training and is not specialized in specific pathologies. The method is based on Wavelet decomposition and normality measures of random variables. Throughout, the results presented in the three fields of knowledge represent qualification in neural and biomedical engineering / Following the new tendency of interdisciplinarity of modern science, a new field called neuroengineering has come to light in the last decades. After 2000, scientific journals and conferences all around the world have been created on this theme. The present work comprises three different subareas related to neuroengineering and electrical engineering: neural stimulation; theoretical and computational neuroscience; and neuronal signal processing; as well as biomedical engineering. The research can be divided in three parts: (i) A new method of neuronal photostimulation was developed based on the use of caged compounds. Using the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA caged by a ruthenium complex it was possible to block neuronal population activity using a laser pulse. The obtained results were evaluated by Wavelet analysis and tested by non-parametric statistics. (ii) A mathematical method was created to identify neuronal assemblies. Neuronal assemblies were proposed as the basis of learning by Donald Hebb remain the most accepted theory for neuronal representation of external stimuli. Using the Marcenko-Pastur law of eigenvalue distribution it was possible to detect neuronal assemblies and to compute their activity with high temporal resolution. The application of the method in real electrophysiological data revealed that neurons from the neocortex and hippocampus can be part of the same assembly, and that neurons can participate in multiple assemblies. (iii) A new method of automatic classification of heart beats was developed, which does not rely on a data base for training and is not specialized in specific pathologies. The method is based on Wavelet decomposition and normality measures of random variables. Throughout, the results presented in the three fields of knowledge represent qualification in neural and biomedical engineering
6

Um estudo das contribui??es do hipertexto para o fluxo da informa??o em meio eletr?nico / A study of the contributions of hypertext for flow information in the electronic media

Silva, Fabio Mascarenhas e 25 February 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio_Mascarenhas.pdf: 847207 bytes, checksum: 01b83dae6521c13d3e8695d32992b879 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-25 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / Research on the functions of hypertext in the informational flow in the electronic media. One first argues the concept of information in the areas of the Mathematics, Semiotics and Communication. They are presented, after that, the concepts of hypertext, one is traced retrospect historical considering it a mobilizador device of the knowledge, proceeding from the evaluative process of register and dissemination of knowing, its importance is approached to relate the users and the supplies of knowledge, and is analyzed it scientific production of the Science of the Information on hypertext during the understood period enters the years of 1990 the 2002. It has been struggled viability of use of the pertextuais resources in the processes of the information and is concluded presenting resulted and. / Pesquisa sobre as fun??es do hipertexto no fluxo informacional em meio eletr?nico. Discute-se primeiramente o conceito de informa??o nas ?reas da Matem?tica, Semi?tica e Comunica??o. Apresentam-se, em seguida, os conceitos de hipertexto, tra?a-se um retrospecto hist?rico considerando-o um dispositivo mobilizador do conhecimento, proveniente do processo evolutivo de registro e dissemina??o do saber, aborda-se sua import?ncia para relacionar os usu?rios e os estoques de conhecimento, e analisa-se a produ??o cient?fica da Ci?ncia da Informa??o sobre o hipertexto durante o per?odo compreendido entre os anos de 1990 a 2002. Debate-se a viabilidade de uso dos recursos hipertextuais nos processos da informa??o e conclui-se apresentando resultados e sugerindo linha de estudos futuros.

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