Trabalho sem a folha de aprova??o. / Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-17T17:14:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 pedro_ivo_sodre_amaral.pdf: 443054 bytes, checksum: 017fd5b0f5e19a7bb1100ad26a63d3ae (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-17T17:15:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 pedro_ivo_sodre_amaral.pdf: 443054 bytes, checksum: 017fd5b0f5e19a7bb1100ad26a63d3ae (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T17:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 pedro_ivo_sodre_amaral.pdf: 443054 bytes, checksum: 017fd5b0f5e19a7bb1100ad26a63d3ae (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O experimento foi conduzido no munic?pio de Couto de Magalh?es de Minas/MG. Foram utilizados 36 su?nos (59,04?5,55 kg) distribu?dos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em tr?s tratamentos com seis repeti??es, sendo a unidade experimental composta por dois su?nos na baia. Os animais foram submetidos a tr?s programas hemerais de luz, caracterizando os tratamentos: luz natural (LN), 16 horas de luz e oito horas de escuro (16L:8E) e 23 horas de luz e uma de escuro (23L:1E). A ra??o e a ?gua foram fornecidas ? vontade, os comedouros foram repostos em tr?s tratos ?s 08h, 14h e 19h. Foi anotado o consumo de ra??o di?rio (CRD), o ganho de peso di?rio (GPD), e a convers?o alimentar (CA). Os par?metros fisiol?gicos observados foram a temperatura retal (TR), a freq??ncia respirat?ria (FR) e a temperatura superficial (TS), avaliados em dois per?odos, uma vez por semana. Os leit?es foram observados durante o per?odo nictemeral a cada dez minutos, totalizando quatro dias de avalia??o. Os padr?es observados foram: em p?, deitado, comendo, bebendo, fu?ando em p?, fu?ando outro, sentado, urinando e defecando. Para os dados de desempenho foi feita an?lise em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, sendo a baia a parcela e o peso inicial como co-vari?vel, as m?dias foram comparadas por teste t a 5% de signific?ncia. Para as caracter?sticas fisiol?gicas (TR, FR e TS), as an?lises foram feitas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com esquema fatorial (3x2), considerando os dias de coleta como repeti??es, os programas de luz e os per?odos de coleta como tratamentos. As observa??es de comportamento foram submetidas ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis. As an?lises foram feitas dentro de cada hora do dia, al?m disso, avaliou-se o per?odo diurno (06h ?s 18h) e noturno (18h ?s 06h). Os programas de ilumina??o utilizados n?o influenciaram o consumo de ra??o di?rio, o ganho de peso di?rio nem a convers?o alimentar dos animais. Os resultados para TS foram maiores para os su?nos que receberam 23L:1E, no per?odo da tarde em rela??o aos demais. A luz suplementar promoveu eleva??o da FR, apenas no per?odo da tarde. A TR n?o variou entre os tratamentos. As vari?veis comportamentais ?em p??, ?defecando?, ?fu?ar em p??, ?fu?ar o outro? e ?urinando? n?o diferiram em nenhum dos per?odos estudados. Houve diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos para a vari?vel ?deitado?, "comendo", "bebendo" e "sentado" indicando poss?vel aumento na atividade dos animais no per?odo da noite. O uso de programas de ilumina??o para su?nos em termina??o n?o alterou o desempenho dos animais. Todavia, o fornecimento de luz adicional influenciou o comportamento dos animais que ficaram mais ativos. A maior atividade dos su?nos que receberam luz apresentou, como consequ?ncia, altera??es nos par?metros fisiol?gicos indicando maior desconforto ambiental no per?odo da tarde. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, [2012]. / ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted in Couto de Magalh?es de Minas/ MG. Was used 36 pigs (59.04 ? 5.55 kg) allotted to completely randomized design with three treatments and six replicates of one experimental unit consisted of two pigs at bay. The animals underwent three light programs, featuring treatments: natural light (NL), 16 hours of light and eight hours of dark (16L: 8D) and 23 hours of light and one dark (23L: 1D). Feed and water were given ad libitum, the feeders were restored in three tracts at 08h, 14h and 19h. It was noted the daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC). The physiological parameters were observed rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and surface temperature (TS), evaluated in two periods, once a week. The animals were observed during the diel every ten minutes, totaling four days of evaluation. The patterns observed were: standing, lying, eating, drinking, standing digging, digging another, sitting, urinating and defecating. For performance data analysis was performed in a completely randomized design, with the pen portion and initial weight as a covariate, the means were compared by t test at 5% significance for the physiological characteristics (TR, FR and TS) analyzes were done in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (3x2), considering the collection days as replicates, the lighting programs and collection period as treatments. The behavioral observations were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test. The analyzes were performed within each time of day, in addition, we assessed the daytime (06h to 18h) and night (18h to 06h). The lighting programs used did not affect feed intake, daily weight gain or feed the animals. The results for TS were higher for pigs receiving 23L: 1D, in the afternoon compared to the other. The supplemental light promoted an increase in RF only in the afternoon. The TR did not vary between treatments. The behavioral variables "standing", "defecating", "tweak in the foot", "tweak the other" and "pissing" did not differ in any of the periods studied. There were significant differences between treatments for the variable "lying", "eating", "drinking" and "sitting" indicating a possible increase in the activity of the animals at night. The use of lighting programs for finishing pigs did not affect animal performance. However the provision of additional light influenced the behavior of animals that were more active. A greater activity of the pigs that had received the light, as a consequence, changes in physiological parameters indicating greater environmental discomfort in the afternoon.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-19T11:27:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jos? Claudio Bezerra M. Junior.pdf: 1045163 bytes, checksum: d759d4bffb13bbf9696edda30c7326f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T11:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jos? Claudio Bezerra M. Junior.pdf: 1045163 bytes, checksum: d759d4bffb13bbf9696edda30c7326f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The determination of digestible lysine requirements for Nile tilapia is essential to adjust the correct balance of amino acids in it?s food. Lysine is the amino acid reference for studies in ideal protein, which is currently an important concept in animal nutrition once it allows a reduction in the protein amount of the diet without compromising performance, and furthermore reducing the nitrogen excretion and eutrophication risks of the water. This study aimed to determine the digestible lysine requirement for Nile tilapia in the final phase of growth (500 to 600 g of body weight). Isocaloric and isoproteic experimental diets were utilized with different levels of digestible lysine in each formulation. The amounts of L-lysine HCl 78% used were 0.000; 0.388; 0.776; 1.164, and 1.552% replacing the ingredient glutamic acid 99%; which adjust the treatments to 0.932; 1.23; 1.53; 1.83, and 2.14% of digestible lysine. Nile tilapia weighing 519 g making a sum of 300 animals were utilized in this experiment. They were distributed in 25 water tanks each one measuring a 1000 liters using a renewable system of water. The pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and conductivity were monitored daily and ammonia was measured weekly. Slaughters happened when fishes reached 28 and 50 days counting from the beginning of the experiment. The following animal science aspects were evaluated at the end: weight gain (WG), daily weight gain ratio (DWGR), specific growth rate (SGR), food intake (FI), consumption of digestible lysine (CDL), food conversion (FC) protein efficiency gain (PEG), lysine efficiency gain (LEG), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), protein deposition rate (PDR), Daily fat deposition rate (DFDR), protein retention efficiency (PRE), and survival rate (SR). The data was interpreted by analysis of variance with 5% probability. There was quadratic effect for GP, CA, TCE, ELG, EPG. The estimated value of lysine for both the largest GP and the best CA is 1.31% digestible lysine. There was no significant differency regarding the food intake, carcass or filet characteristics. This result is in part due to the fact of the gain being proportional throughout the body of the fish. In the second slaughter were obtained quadratic effect in the ether extract and carcass moisture. The Nile tilapia in the weight range of 500 to 600 grams of body weight presents the requirement for 1.31% of digestible lysine, corresponding to 5.31% of digestible dietary protein and 0.431% per Mcal of digestible energy for greater weight gain and better food conversion in it?s experiment conditions / A determina??o da exig?ncia de lisina para a til?pia-do-Nilo ? importante para a elabora??o de ra??es com adequado balanceamento de amino?cidos. A lisina ? o amino?cido refer?ncia nos estudos de prote?na ideal, um conceito relevante atualmente uma vez que permite a redu??o na quantidade de prote?na da ra??o sem comprometimento do desempenho, diminuindo ainda a excre??o de nitrog?nio para a ?gua e o risco de eutrofiza??o. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a exig?ncia em lisina digest?vel para a til?pia-do-Nilo na fase de 500 a 600 g de peso vivo. Foram utilizadas dietas experimentais que consistiram em ra??es isocal?ricas, isoproteicas e com valores crescentes de lisina digest?vel. A L-lisina HCl 78% foi utilizada com valores crescentes (0,000; 0,388; 0,776; 1,164 e 1,552%), em substitui??o ao ingrediente ?cido glut?mico (99%), perfazendo os tratamentos com 0,932; 1,23; 1,53; 1,83 e 2,13% de lisina digest?vel. Foram utilizadas 300 til?pias-do-Nilo com peso m?dio de 519 g e distribu?dos em 25 caixas d??gua de 1000 L em sistema aberto de circula??o de ?gua. O pH, oxig?nio dissolvido, temperatura, salinidade e condutividade da ?gua foram monitorados diariamente e a am?nia foi medida semanalmente. Foram realizados 2 abates, aos 28 dias e aos 50 dias de experimento. Foram avaliados os seguintes ?ndices zoot?cnicos: ganho de peso (GP), ganho de peso di?rio (GPD), taxa de crescimento espec?fico (TCE), ingest?o alimentar (IA), consumo de lisina digest?vel (CLD), convers?o alimentar (CA), efici?ncia proteica para ganho (EPG), efici?ncia de lisina para ganho (ELG), efici?ncia de reten??o de nitrog?nio (ERN), taxa de deposi??o de prote?na (TDP), taxa de deposi??o di?ria de gordura (TDG), efici?ncia de reten??o de prote?na (ERP) e taxa de sobreviv?ncia (TS). Os dados foram interpretados por meio de an?lise de vari?ncia a 5% de probabilidade. Houve efeito quadr?tico para GP, CA, TCE, ELG, EPG, sendo o valor estimado de lisina tanto para o maior GP quanto para a melhor CA de 1,31% de lisina digest?vel. N?o houve diferen?a significativa para o consumo de ra??o, rendimento de carca?a, rendimento de fil?, caracter?sticas da carca?a e do fil?. Esses resultados se devem em parte ao fato do ganho ter sido proporcional em todo o corpo do peixe. No segundo abate houve efeito quadr?tico no extrato et?reo e na umidade da carca?a. A Til?pia-do-Nilo na faixa de peso de 500 a 600 gramas de peso vivo apresenta a exig?ncia de 1,31% de lisina digest?vel, que corresponde a 5,31% da prote?na digest?vel da dieta e a 0,431%/Mcal de energia digest?vel para o maior ganho de peso e melhor convers?o alimentar nas condi??es deste experimento.