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Critical Evaluation of Techniques for the Identification of Archaeological Bast Fibres: Flax, Hemp and NettleWaudby, Denis B. January 2019 (has links)
Fibre plants favour different growth conditions and require different levels of
husbandry. However, the fibres share some physical and material properties,
which make them difficult to distinguish in the archaeological record. This
thesis evaluates the effectiveness of methods for characterising bast fibres
including; fibre chemical analysis, mechanical testing and fibre morphology, to
propose that longitudinal microfibrillar angle (MFA) and cross-sectional
circularity (Ct) used in a two-step procedure to analyse selected modern fibres
of nettle (Urtica dioica L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and hemp (Cannabis
sativa L.) could offer an alternative approach.
The reliability of MFA and Ct, as diagnostic features, was evaluated under a
temperature accelerated degradation 48week trial with eight fibre types from
three deposition soils Post deposition, surviving fibres were subjected to
evaluation of changes in MFA and Ct. An additional check on the diagnostic
efficacy was conducted within a blind-test protocol.
Finally, the research programme employs MFA and Ct in the diagnosis of a
range of archaeological textile fibres from museum collections and fibres from
the Kasr el Yahud mass burial. The thesis includes recommendations to
address future post thesis research programmes.
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Ett hantverk i förändring : En studie av ulltextiliers tillverkning i Sverige från bronsålder till äldre järnålder. / A craft in change : A study of the manufacture of woolen textiles in Sweden from Bronze Age to Early Iron Age.Olsen, Eleonor January 2020 (has links)
The complex process of manufacturing woolen textiles contains a long chain of cooperation between resources, techniques and society. With a focus on South and Central Sweden, this study aims to trace the development of woolen textiles and its manufacture, how and why it changed and obtained an increased meaning from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. Archaeological biography and materiality are used as theoretical concepts to firstly explore how textile tools, sheep husbandry and woolen textiles changed in occurrence and appearance over time and space. Secondly, by comparing these results, the study analyzes how the different source materials may have affected each other towards the advancement of woolen textiles. The results suggest that a successive increase of sheep among settlements, caused by probably ecological and/or economic factors, possibly led to an increase in wool that sparked the textile development with the creation of more advanced tools and techniques for making woolen textiles in a gradually higher quality. The relationships between people and woolen textiles, as well as its components of manufacture, also seems to have altered during the investigated period, sometimes probably due to influences from the outside world.
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