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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Immune SuppressionZhang, Yi, Woodruff, Michael, Zhang, Ying, Miao, Junying, Hanley, Gregory, Stuart, Charles, Zeng, Xiao, Prabhakar, Savita, Moorman, Jonathan, Zhao, Baoxiang, Yin, Deling 01 February 2008 (has links)
Stress, either physical or psychological, can have a dramatic impact on the immune system. Little progress, however, has been made in understanding stress-induced immune suppression. We report here that mice subjected to chronic 12-hour daily physical restraint for two days significantly increased the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Interestingly, TLR4-deficient mice are resistant to stress-induced lymphocyte reduction. In addition, restraint stress caused dramatic decrease in T help 1 (Th1) cytokine IFN-γ and IL-2 levels but increase in Th2 cytokine IL-4 in wild type mice. Moreover, the restraint stress significantly inhibits changes of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in TLR4-deficient mice compared with the wild type mice. Therefore, stress modulates the immune system through a TLR4-dependent mechanism.
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