Background - The concept of fair trade is not recent following the academic literature as it has been around for many years. The connection between fair trade and how it impacts consumers purchase behaviour however is still unclear. Purpose - The purpose of this study is to expand understanding on the relationship between fair trade and the consumer purchase process. Design/methodology/approach - The four stage AIDA model has been selected to examine fair trade in consumer purchase behaviour. Furthermore the study has been quantitative and a questionnaire was used gathering 140 respondents. Findings - A clear correlation between the different AIDA stages were established and the influence of fair trade on the purchasing behaviour was somewhat explored. Despite no proven hypotheses, many respondents still agreed with the fair trade statements tested showing strong awareness and consideration towards the topic. The most notable facets included social and environmental factors. In addition it was established that even though labour rights are discussed regularly in media, no significant influence could be observed in any of the AIDA purchase stages. Research limitations/implications -The limitations of the study were the geographical constraints testing only one university in Sweden. This meant that the respondents did not come from different cultures and countries, potentially affecting the discussed results. In addition, should the study have been qualitative different insights may have been established. Practical implications -The results from this study is useful for Non Government Organisations (NGOs) that are trying to shift consumer behaviour towards considering more ethical aspects when purchasing clothes. Marketers may also benefit from this study knowing what stages of the decision making process are considered by consumers in respect of fair trade. Originality/value -This study is unique as it combines the fair trade concept with the AIDA model which has not yet been done. In addition it contributes to previous knowledge and research on fair trade connected to the purchase behaviour.

This master's thesis explores the impact of marketing communication tools on consumer behavior in the Russian alcohol market. Russia is a dark market. The dark market is a market where outdoor advertising is prohibited, as well as advertising on TV and radio. As such, communications with consumers in these markets are strongly regulated by the government. The study provides an overview of current trends in the alcohol market in the world and in Russia. The purpose of this study is to analyse Russian consumers' perceptions of marketing tools and the impact of these promotion tools on the purchase of strong alcohol under the AIDA model. For this purpose, the study examines the legislation governing the Russian alcohol market. The paper provides a description and classification of channels and instruments used in communications with consumers in the dark market conditions. Further, the perception of these methods by Russian consumers under the AIDA model is considered. The study identified the most effective channels of communication for marketing companies. Moreover, the ethical aspect of promoting alcohol products was discussed. The survey results showed that Russian consumers are loyal to both alcohol advertising and the market in general, as well as to their own brands. These results can be used by companies to create marketing campaigns and plan their budgets.

In today’s digital era, the rapid rise of social media (SM) has transformed consumer behaviourespecially among university students. This study examines the influence of social mediamarketing (SMM) on the purchase intentions of university students within the fashion industry,focusing on a sample from Zambia. Addressing a gap in existing research on this demographic,the study explores how various dimensions of the SMM affect purchasing decisions.The study utilised the exploratory study approach, data were gathered through a semi-structuredquestionnaire distributed among university students in Zambia. Descriptive statistics and Pearsoncorrelation analysis were used to evaluate the relationships between the independent anddependent variables. A total of 96 valid responses were received and included in the finalanalysis. The findings revealed insights into these relationships, the correlation between entertainment,interaction and awareness was found to be weak (r=0.418) indicating that these factors do notgreatly influence student’s decision to purchase fashion products. In contrast, fashion trendinessand interest in a brand shows a moderate positive relationship (r = 0.422, p = 0.000), meaningthat when SM highlights current fashion trends, students are more likely to be interested.Similarly, the customisation of SM experiences with the desire for fashion products was found tobe moderately positive (r = 0.510, p = 0.000) suggesting that tailoring content to individualpreferences encourages purchases. The strongest relationship observed between e-word of mouthand purchase action (r = 0.726, p = 0.000) signifying that positive online recommendationsgreatly . influence students to buy fashion products. The study recommends that brands invest in monitoring SM trends, collecting extensive data oncustomer preferences and maintaining a positive e-word of mouth. Future research could exploreadditional variables influencing fashion product purchase decisions and consider larger samplesize for broader generalisation. This research contributes to the understanding of SMM influenceon consumer behaviour and offering insights for marketing strategies in the fashion industry.

The constantly evolving use of social media as a marketing tool is commonly known, and the opportunities for companies to get feedback about how successful their marketing is, have grown just as much. Today's companies take great financial risks when choosing marketing material in the traditional marketing way, but as the social network Instagram is free to use, the biggest risk here is to lose followers, and thus potential customers. This study aims to investigate what consumers actually want to see in the direct marketing they themselves have chosen to receive; what the consumers find most appealing and what makes them feel the greatest desire to buy. For this study seven semi-structured interviews were held with seven women all in the age between 16 and 25. They shared their everyday habits on the social media platform Instagram and were shown 15 Instagram pictures from five major fashion companies. The women expressed their spontaneous feelings when the pictures were shown, just as if the images had been found in their own Instagram feed. The images shown consisted of two, by us, defined messages divided into a five-degree scale, where the scale was ranked accordingly: extremely rational, rational, mixed, emotional and extremely emotional messages. The interviewees also commented on their preferences regarding the content of the pictures, if it was up to their own choosing. After analyzing all interviews, we have come to the conclusion that both the rational and the emotional image categories are preferable to the others. These two stand out from the five-degree scale as both more appealing and creating a greater desire to buy. The extreme ends of each category does not suit marketing on Instagram for different reasons. With this information, we hope to help companies with their marketing strategy on Instagram. This thesis is written in Swedish. / Användningen av sociala medier som marknadsföringsverktyg växer ständigt, och så även möjligheterna för företag att få återkoppling angående hur framgångsrik deras marknadsföring är. Dagens företag tar stora ekonomiska risker när de väljer marknadsföringsmaterial på det traditionella sättet, men när det på sociala mediet Instagram är gratis att skapa ett konto blir den största risken att förlora följare och därmed potentiella kunder. Den här studien undersöker vad konsumenter faktiskt önskar att se i den direktreklam de självmant väljer att följa, vad som mest tilltalar dem och vad som får dem att känna mest köplust. Studien består av sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor i åldrarna 16-25 som berättar om sina vanor på det sociala mediet Instagram. De sju kvinnorna visades 15 Instagrambilder från fem stora modeföretag och fick uttrycka sina spontana känslor inför dessa, likt ifall bilderna hade funnits i intervjupersonernas Instagramflöde. Bilderna bestod av två budskap som var uppdelade på en femgradig skala, där skalan rangordnades efter kategorierna extremt rationellt, rationellt, mixat, emotionellt och extremt emotionellt budskap. Intervjupersonerna kommenterade även vilka preferenser de hade angående bildernas innehåll ifall de själva fick välja. Efter att ha analyserat alla intervjuer menar vi att både de rationella och de emotionella bildkategorierna är att föredra, de står ut på den femgradiga skalan som både mer tilltalande och mer skapande av köplust. De extrema kategorierna av båda budskapen passar inte marknadsföring på Instagram av olika skäl. Med den här informationen hoppas vi kan hjälpa företag med deras marknadsföringsstrategi på Instagram.

This study aims to shed light on the relationship between the commercial advertising model AIDA (Awareness/Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) and political television advertising, with a historical perspective being of extra interest. In order to do so, the study made use of theories concerning the AIDA-model, representation, rhetoric (with focus on ethos, pathos, and logos), and the professionalisation of political communication. The methodology involved qualitative analyses of 18 official political campaign advertisements from nine United States presidential elections between the years 1952-2016. One issue-ad from each candidate (Republicans and Democrats only) from every other election was strategically chosen for examination. Each advertisement was then analysed both as it relates to its rhetorical content as well as its structure with the defined four stages of the AIDA-model in mind, with any potential patterns between the rhetoric and the structure being taken into account. The results of the study suggest that while the AIDA-model can be recognised in political television advertisements in the United States since the inception in the 1950s, the advertisements from the post-modern phase of the professionalisation of political communication (1985-) seem to place more emphasis, compared to the modern phase (1950s-1985), on the desire stage of the AIDA-model. Furthermore, no distinct differences could be found between the parties from a pure rhetorical and structural standpoint, and both appear to be on practically identical evolutionary paths. An explanation to this could be the escalating reliance on hiring independent experts and specialist to manage the various areas involved with running a political campaign, which is a characteristic of the ever-increasingly professional environment of political communication.

Dagens digitala teknologi och sociala medier har alltmer satt sin prägel inom handeln och detta beror främst på att majoriteten människor idag har en smartphone där man ständigt är uppkopplad och aktiv inom sociala medier. Sociala medier används idag även av de flesta handelsföretag inom detaljhandeln och fungerar som en plattform där man kan nå ut till en större och bredare publik. Trenden växer och yttrar sig i att fler plattformar bildas och därav sätter press på småföretag för att kunna sticka ut bland mängden. I detta skede blir det därför allt viktigare för småföretag att vara aktiva på sociala medier för att väcka ett behov hos kunderna och fånga upp deras intresse vilket kan göras genom att publicera en variation av aktiviteter. Aktiviteterna kan inkludera marknadsföring med senaste nyheter och trender, tävlingar och även personliga inlägg. Detta engagemang ska fungera som en vägledning för att sedan locka och leda sina följare in till den fysiska butiken eftersom det är där köpet genomförs. Studien har utformats via en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv ansats som utgångspunkt. Studien innefattade totalt sex intervjuer varav fem av de var fysiskt på plats medan den sjätte var via telefon. Intervjuerna bidrog med det empiriska materialet i syfte att kunna få fram en analys där vi jämförde den teoretiska referensramen med det empiriska materialet. Ur analysen kunde vi se ett samband och resonerade fram vilka aspekter som sociala medier bidrog med för småföretag när de ska kommunicera sina aktiviteter och locka kunderna in till den fysiska butiken. Resultatet av studien yttrade sig i att sociala medier är ett viktigt hjälpmedel för småföretag då det inkluderar en gratis marknadsföring och att man kan nå ut till fler kunder och även utanför det geografiska området butiken befinner sig i. Kommunikation, interaktion och respons är viktiga faktorer för småföretag när de ska eller etablerar sig via sociala medieplattformar. Studiens resultat redogör även för småföretag vikten av att ständigt vara aktiv på sociala medier, publicera varierande aktiviteter, engagera sig i kunder genom att interagera och få feedback. När dessa aspekter interagerar ökar chansen för företagen att bygga långsiktiga kundrelationer. / Today's digital technology and social media have increasingly left their mark on commerce and this is mainly due to the fact that the majority of people today have a smartphone where they are constantly connected and active in social media. Today, social media is also used by most retail companies in the retail trade and acts as a platform where you can reach a larger and wider audience. The trend is growing and is reflected in the fact that more platforms are being formed and as a result put pressure on small companies to be able to stand out among the crowd. At this stage, it therefore becomes increasingly important for small companies to be active on social media in order to arouse a need in customers and capture their interest, which can be done by publishing a variety of activities. Activities can include marketing with the latest news and trends, contests and even personal posts. This commitment should serve as a guide to then attract and lead their followers into the physical store because that is where the purchase is made. The study has been designed via a qualitative research method with an abductive approach as a starting point. The study included a total of six interviews, five of which were physically in place while the sixth was by telephone. The interviews contributed with the empirical material in order to be able to obtain an analysis in which we compared the theoretical frame of reference with the empirical material. From the analysis, we could see a connection and reasoned out which aspects social media contributed to small companies when they have to communicate their activities and attract customers to the physical store. The result of the study was that social media is an important tool for small businesses as it includes free marketing and that you can reach more customers and also outside the geographical area the store is in. Communication, interaction and response are important factors for small businesses when they are going or establishing themselves via socialmedia platforms. The results of the study also explain to small companies the importance of being constantly active on social media, publishing various activities, engaging with customers by interacting and receiving feedback. When these aspects interact, companies' chances of building long-term customer relationships increase.