This thesis, in the very broad sense, evaluates the perception of an architectural structure through its history. It examines the &lsquo / theatre&rsquo / as the building and selects &lsquo / ancient Greece and Rome&rsquo / (mainly fourth century B.C. to second century A.D. which can be depicted as the golden age of the ancient theatre) as the period. It posits that the study of theatre requires more than formal data, hence, it employs a multidisciplinary approach, and combines the author&rsquo / s personal experience on the theatre. The study believes that the subject-focused nature of available works is insufficient for the study of theatre, as they employ only a certain aspect of this structure. This thesis tries to examine the complete experience of the theatre for the people who were exposed to it / and present it, in a more relatable way, for the future researchers, theatre professionals and educated enthusiasts as an intermediate level source, where the need arises to increase the perception of theatre as a whole concept, so that its interpretation can be more complete.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis focuses on change and persistence of the structure of the international system. It attempts to address the question why hierarchic structures prevailed during the Ancient and Classical eras (3000 B. C. ? 1500 A. D. ). The thesis compares and contrasts the Roman Empire (the Pax Romana period 1st century B. C. -3rd century A. D. ) and the Chinese Empire (the T?ang Dynasty 618-907 A. D. ) as hierarchic structures and the multi-state system of ancient Greece (8th-4th century B. C. ) and the multi-state system of ancient China (The Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period 722-221 B. C. ) as anarchic structures. The thesis suggests that the moral purpose of the state, the competitive security environment, the desire for benefits and geopolitical and strategic advantages played the major role in the immediate transformation from anarchy to hierarchy. The thesis asserts that the generation of common goods, the decline in transaction costs and the success in securing the commitment of the members and the legitimacy of the system enabled and encouraged the persistence of hierarchic structures. It also re-emphasizes that whereas the persistence of hierarchic systems depends on the existence of several factors, only one factor can promote the persistence of anarchic structures e. g. the moral purpose of the state.

The main aim of this thesis is to present a lucid summary and a critical evaluation of the (often ambiguous) ancient testimonies concerning the Greek culinary art from the classical up to the imperial era. The sources are divided in two groups. The first one is made up from prosaic works, i. e. cookbooks themselves, specialised treatises and some medical tractates concerned with dietetics and proprieties of foodstuffs. The second group consists of poems on gastronomic themes. A serious problem is constituted by considerable fragmentariness of the extant sources, which in some cases prevents us from making any definite judgments on the sources' content. Attention is paid also to food as such and the diet composition at the time, the whole theme being set in wider social framework. The thesis also incorporates a translation of and commentary on several selected extant receipts.

Astrology is a science which has had an uncertain status throughout its history, from its beginnings in Greco-Roman Antiquity to the medieval Islamic world and Christian Europe which led to frequent debates about its validity and what kind of a place it should have, if any, in various cultures. Written in the second century A.D., Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos is not the earliest surviving text on astrology. However, the complex defense given in the Tetrabiblos will be treated as an important starting point because it changed the way astrology would be justified in Christian and Muslim works and the influence Ptolemy’s presentation had on later works represents a continuation of the method introduced in the Tetrabiblos. Abū Ma‘shar’s Kitāb al-Madkhal al-kabīr ilā ‘ilm akām al-nujūm, written in the ninth century, was the most thorough surviving defense from the Islamic world. Roger Bacon’s Opus maius, although not focused solely on advocating astrology, nevertheless, does contain a significant defense which has definite links to the works of both Abū Ma‘shar and Ptolemy. As such, he demonstrates another stage in the development of astrology. These three works together reveal the threads of a trend of a rationalized astrology separated from its mythical origins which began with Ptolemy and survived through both medieval Islam and medieval Europe. In the two examples of defending astrology I have used, Abū Ma‘shar and Roger Bacon, Ptolemy’s influence can be seen to have persisted from the second century through to the thirteenth, and the nature of the differences in their defenses illustrates the continuation and evolution of the tradition of defending astrology.

Den här uppsatsens syfte har varit att kartlägga skillnader i representation av individer med dvärgväxt, från antikens Egypten fram till renässansen. Forskning har gjorts på detta utanför Sverige, men de fyra svenska människorna med dvärgväxt har inte tillfogats och jämförts med det utländska materialet innan denna uppsats. Metoden har varit en litterär jämförelse där andra författare har analyserats. De förhistoriska och historiska litterära verken som dessa författare undersökt har bland annat innefattat egyptiska papyrus, grekisk och romersk lagstiftning och medeltida dokument. Konst från dessa tider har också undersökts. Resultatet av uppsatsen har varit att uppfattningen av dvärgväxt har undergått stor variation genom förhistorien och historien. Ju längre tillbaka vi går desto högre tolerans finner vi. Dvärgar var populära i Egypten på ett sätt som återkommer i medeltidens och renässansens Europa, då hovdvärgar är på modet. Hur det har sett ut i Skandinavien är svårt att säga trots de mänskliga kvarlevorna som påträffats av individer med dvärgväxt. I uppsatsen tas även myter och folklore om dvärgar upp för att måla en djupare förståelsebild av acceptansen i samhället och hur legender kan antingen hjälpa eller stjälpa i sammanhanget.

This thesis focuses on change and persistence of the structure of the international system. It attempts to address the question why hierarchic structures prevailed during the Ancient and Classical eras (3000 B. C. ? 1500 A. D. ). The thesis compares and contrasts the Roman Empire (the Pax Romana period 1st century B. C. -3rd century A. D. ) and the Chinese Empire (the T?ang Dynasty 618-907 A. D. ) as hierarchic structures and the multi-state system of ancient Greece (8th-4th century B. C. ) and the multi-state system of ancient China (The Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period 722-221 B. C. ) as anarchic structures. The thesis suggests that the moral purpose of the state, the competitive security environment, the desire for benefits and geopolitical and strategic advantages played the major role in the immediate transformation from anarchy to hierarchy. The thesis asserts that the generation of common goods, the decline in transaction costs and the success in securing the commitment of the members and the legitimacy of the system enabled and encouraged the persistence of hierarchic structures. It also re-emphasizes that whereas the persistence of hierarchic systems depends on the existence of several factors, only one factor can promote the persistence of anarchic structures e. g. the moral purpose of the state.

The subject of this study is the rural settlements in Classical Greece. There is no doubt that there were various factors determined the ancient settlement patterns in Greek countryside. Geographical conditions, socio-economic and political structures can be regarded as major significant factors behind the settlement practices of ancient societies. In this study the relationships between agricultural system and rural settlements of Classical Greece will be examined.

The main purpose of the thesis is: on the basis of an analysis and interpretation of Plato's Dialogues, to describe his personal characteristics in its relation to his pedagogic reality, and, on the basis of these descriptions, to analyse and interpret his teaching methods as a result of two different processes. The scientific perspectives of the thesis are inspired by hermeneutic philosophy of history and especially by the theories of Paul Ricoeur and Hans-Georg Gadamer. Furthermore, the perspective is grounded on three concepts of pedagogics, by the help of which both explicit and implicit pedagogic processes are analysed. In order to interrelate the interpretations some analytical and interpretational models have been used, based on Ricoeur's mimesis concept and his theory of narrative identity. The final interpretations maintain that a particular line runs through Plato's teaching, and that its goal is intellectual autonomy and a change in the pupil's whole view of the world, which implies a fusion between intellect and existential experience. This line shows that Plato teaches in both a sensual and spiritual dimension and that these processes, though contrasted, function in parallel. The goal of intellectual autonomy demonstrates how Plato breaks with his culture and by doing so recommends solitude - something quite revolutionary in an age when the group, a strong sense of community and of being one of Us sets its stamp on everyones mentality. An interpretation of the Symposium shows how any change in world view calls for a combination of existential experience and thought. The main principal features in Plato's teaching methods are presented as preparation, change, liberation and wisdom.