A dissertation submitted to the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2016. / The Crocodile River East in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, has seen three major floods in a twenty-four-month period, specifically January 2011, January 2012 and January 2013. The damage included the loss of life, damage and/or loss of public or private properties, agricultural land loss, and damage to biodiversity and river geomorphology. The purpose of this study was to understand the consequences and risks to livelihoods and river basin systems due to flooding of the river. The study focused on a segment of the Crocodile River East, between Riverside and Tekwane. The study used historic hydro-climatic data for the Crocodile River to determine the critical threshold for past flood events and to predict the extent of future flood events. Hydrological modelling coupled with the HEC-RAS hydraulic model enabled the simulation of these future flood events. The use of orthophotos and digital elevation models (DEMs) allowed for a spatial representation of the areas affected during the flood events. Flood hazard maps and flood risk maps were then developed for the identified flood events within a Geographical Information System (GIS). The maps enabled the identification of high risk and flood prone areas along this segment of the Crocodile River Basin. The results showed that when discharge reaches 241.75 m3/s, both locations (Riverside and Tekwane) are at risk to flooding. This is therefore the threshold for which the two locations are likely to be flooded. This study provides a methodology to determine the spatial extent of past and modelled future river flood events. As such, outcomes of this study may aid in the understanding of flood hazard extent and flood prone areas, and may thus help catchment management authorities and institutions in flood reconstruction and flood risk management. The employed methodology can aid effective spatial planning, and can also be extended at the basin scale through integration with the existent flood warning system to gain an estimate of flood extent and flood risk. / TG2016

No description available.

river Park Sports Structure

This is a house situated by a river. It is a retreat, or a cabin, and is not occupied on a full time basis. Its form is an interpretation of a cube, and retains its general appearance. It is lifted off the ground to prevent damage when the river floods, and has a deep foundation to achieve stability on the loose floodplain soil. It has three levels, the first containing the main living areas, the second, a lofted space containing the bed and bath, and the third, a roof terrace. It is for two people, and so has a small footprint of about thirty two feet square. The footprint is subdivided into nine squares, with a fireplace and chimney occupying the center and habitable spaces surrounding the periphery. Its foundation is of a concrete two way flat slab supported by concrete caissons, its walls are of reinforced concrete masonry units, and its floors and ceilings are of small timber frame construction. / Master of Architecture

This study was conducted from March 3, through June 2, 1951, in order to determine to what extent pathogenic bacteria were entering the Trinity River between East Fort Worth, Texas and South Dallas, Texas, from municipal sewage disposal plants.

Ever since the laborious consultation process to set the National Greenhouse Response Strategy (1991-1992), stakeholder 'consultation' has been something Australian governments do. Or attempt to do. A recent trend in NSW in particular has been to expand the concept and practice of consultation to multi-party, collaborative decision-making, also referred to as participatory democracy. One such initiative officially begun in August 1997 is the River Management Committee (RMC) exercise. For this tremendous outlay of financial and human resources, the government is taking a punt that the committee will deliver better decisions, and more timely actions, on river flows and water quality in each of the major regulated river valleys in the state. The set up and first year of operation of the RMC exercise is the subject of this thesis. Specifically it examines the design of the process and its appropriateness to the task at hand; the reality of consensus decision-making amongst people with opposing views; the democratic ideal of participants learning to be 'other directed' in terms of putting aside their own positions to work for the common good; and affordability of such exercises from both the government and non-government participants' points of view. The themes emerging from this thesis have become the focus for further research. / Master of Science (Hons)

Several population characteristics were calculated for smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui and rock bass Ambloplites rupestris populations on the west fork of the White River in Randolph, Delaware, and Madison counties, Indiana and were compared to other populations. When compared to streams of similar size in Indiana that were sampled with the same methods, relative abundance (CPUE) of smallmouth bass was average (18.9-35.0 fish/hour) while rock bass were two to ten times more abundant (44.3-53.0 fish/hour). Age analysis and back calculation of length at age were only performed for smallmouth bass. These results indicated strong year classes were cyclical and smallmouth bass growth was above average for Indiana streams, but average for streams of the Midwest. Proportional stock density values were average for smallmouth bass (28-39%) and slightly below average for rock bass (17-33%). Strong weight-length models were also found for both species and relative weight values were optimal. / Department of Biology

This study was carried out in the Souris and Turtle Rivers in North Dakota. The aim of this study was to develop multi-element fingerprints of the Souris River and Turtle River sediments and to evaluate the suitability of these fingerprints to assess the geographic origin of potential pollutants of the two rivers. Preliminary analysis of Souris River sediment samples confirmed that the multi-element fingerprinting can be used to assess the sediment and contaminant loading patterns. Laboratory experiments were performed to assess the validity of linear mixing assumption in multi-element fingerprinting studies. The results of these experiments verified the assumptions and showed that there is a statistically significant spatial and temporal variation in the element concentrations depending on their mobility and re-deposition. Field studies were conducted in the Souris River and Turtle River to assess the variation of element concentrations in the top riverbed samples along the main rivers and their tributaries. The sediment contribution from the tributaries and the phosphorus concentrations in the main channel were used to calculate the phosphorus contributions from the tributary sediments to the Souris River. The differences in phosphorus contributions from tributaries were related to land use, underlying geology, and the size of the watersheds of the tributaries in the Souris River watershed. Similar analysis was used in the Turtle River to calculate Arsenic, Cadmium and Selenium contribution from the tributaries to the Turtle River. The differences in the contribution of these elements were related to the underlying geology and the size of the watersheds. This study provides a detailed analysis of element concentrations and relative sediments and element loading rates from the tributaries to the main rivers along the Souris and Turtle Rivers in North Dakota. The multi-element fingerprinting technique can be successfully used as a tool to identify the relative contribution of sediments and assessing and tracing pollution sources in rivers. Multi-element fingerprinting provides a relatively low cost, rapid tool for sediment tracking, without the need for addition of exotic chemicals such radio-tracers or dyes to natural ecosystems. / North Dakota State University. College of Science and Mathematics / North Dakota State University. Department of Biological Sciences. Environmental Conservation Sciences Program / North Dakota Department of Health / ND INBRE / North Dakota Water Resources Research Institute / North Dakota State Water Commission

Chorine is used by the Village Creek Waste Water Treatment Plant to kill pathogenic microorganisms prior to discharge of the effluent into the Trinity River. The residual chlorine in the river impacted aquatic life prompting the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in December 1990 to require dechlorination using sulfur dioxide. One pre-dechlorination and four post-dechlorination assessments of phytoplankton, periphyton, and zooplankton communities were conducted by the Institute of Applied Sciences at the University of North Texas. Dechlorination had no effect on the phytoplankton community. The periphyton community exhibited a shift in species abundance with a more even distribution of organisms among taxa. No change occurred in zooplankton species abundance, however, there was a decrease in zooplankton density following dechlorination.

LD2668 .T4 1954 R34 / Master of Science