Functional analysis is a method of behavioural assessment used to determine the environmental variables maintaining a specific behaviour. While functional analysis is often used with individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities, problem behaviours in people with dementia are rarely assessed using functional analysis methodology. The purpose of the present study was to conduct descriptive and functional analyses of problem behaviours among individuals with dementia to determine: (a) if a descriptive assessment would identify a function of the challenging behaviour assessed; (b) the extent to which stimuli identified in the descriptive assessment were needed to conduct a functional analysis; and (c) if a standard functional analysis is an effective assessment method for this population. The participants were two individuals with dementia who exhibited inappropriate vocalizations, consisting of swearing and delusional speech. For both participants, the results of the descriptive assessments suggested that the function of the behaviour was positive reinforcement in the form of attention from staff members. The findings of the descriptive analyses were confirmed in the functional analyses. The results suggest that a functional analysis informed by a descriptive analysis can identify the function of problem behaviour in individuals with dementia in a residential setting. / May 2016

Arkinės perdangos dėl savo veiksmingumo yra dažnos šiuolaikiniuose pėsčiųjų tiltuose. Racionali apybrėžos forma (dažniausiai kvadratinė parabolė) lemia šių konstrukcijų racionalų įrąžų pasiskirstymą. Arkų eksploatacinio funkcionavimo pagrindinis bruožas yra tas, kad vertikaliosios apkrovos, be vertikalių reakcijų paduose, sukelia ir horizontalias reakcijas (skėtimo jėgas). Be tradicinių arkinių perdangų iš istorijos šaltinių yra žinoma ir unikalios sandaros arkinių lęšio formos tiltų. Jie reikšmingi ne tik dėl savo unikalios formos, bet ir dėl istorinės vertės, nes buvo statomi du paskutinius XIX a. dešimtmečius, kaip dinozaurai mėgavosi savo istorine epocha prieš daug, daug metų ir tada staiga išnyko. Darbe atliekama tradicinio arkinio tilto, bei arkinių plieninių lęšio formos tiltų elgsenos analizė, keičiant pagrindinius geometrinius arkų – juostų parametrus, arkų tinklelio formą ir tinkleliui taikant išankstinį įtempimą. Pirmame skyriuje aptariama arkinių ir arkinių kombinuotųjų tiltų konstrukcinės schemos, jų skaičiavimo metodai. Formuluojami darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai. Antrame skyriuje atliekama tradicinio arkinio tilto ir arkinių abipusiai iškilos formos tiltų elgsenos analizė, veikiant simetrinėms ir asimetrinėms apkrovoms. Trečiame skyriuje atliekama gautų rezultatų lyginamoji analizė, lyginant tiltų konstrukcijas pagal įrąžų pasiskirstymą jų elementuose ir pagal tiltų masės kriterijų. / Due to their effectiveness, arched entablatures are common in modern footbridges. Well-balanced form of contour (most commonly quadratic parable) determines a well-balanced stress distribution of these constructions. The main feature of the running behaviour of arcs is that vertical loads without vertical reactions in the hearths create horizontal reactions as well (forces of thrust). Not only traditional bridges with arched entablatures but also unique structured arched lenticular bridges. They are significant not only for its unique shape and few examples but also for the historic value that they were only built during the last two dacedes of 19th century, like dinasors had enjoyed a historic age long long ago and then suddenly vanished at all. In this work carries out the analysis of behaviour of traditional arched bridge and arched lenticular bridges made of stell by changing the main geometric parameters of arcs-strips, form of the system of arcs and applying pre-stress of the system. The first chapter discusses the schemes of construction of arched and arched combined bridges, methods of their calculation. The goal and tasks of the work are formulated. The analysis of the behaviour of traditional arched bridge and arched lenticular bridges (when it is affected by symmetric and asymmetric loads) is carried out in the second chapter. Comparative analysis of the results is performed in the third chapter by comparing constructions of the bridges according to stress... [to full text]