Results are reported from full-scale testing of a buried, deep-corrugated, large-span box culvert with a 2.4 m rise and 10.0 m span under controlled laboratory conditions. A total of twenty-one experiments were conducted on the structure, measuring its response without backfill, during backfilling, under a loaded tandem axle dump truck, and under simulated vehicle loading with force applied by an actuator. Surface strain measurements were used to calculate bending moments and thrusts, while deflections were monitored using an electronic theodolite. Tests conducted to a maximum force of truck loading specified by the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code multiplied by a dynamic load allowance factor were performed at three cover depths. The maximum moment increased from 6 to 41 kNm/m as the cover was reduced from 1.5 to 0.45 m. This was attributed to less load distribution and decreased soil-structure system stiffness at shallower cover. The maximum bending moments were consistently observed directly beneath the applied force. Tests were also conducted at forces larger than the design values to identify the ultimate limit state(s) of the structure. An ultimate limit state was encountered at approximately 800 kN where the geotechnical resistance beneath the loading pads was exceeded. A subsequent test with the loading pad force spread over larger areas permitted larger forces to be applied. An ultimate limit state of the structure involving the formation of three plastic hinges occurred at 1100 kN. The plastic hinge initially formed at the crown, followed by hinges located at each shoulder. Post-test observations showed evidence of local buckling of the conduit wall, gaps between the plates at the seams, the tilting of bolts along the longitudinal seams, and surface cracks in the soil. Applying the material resistance factor of 0.9 to the ultimate load limit of 1100 kN measured for the structure yields a reserve capacity of 1.7 when compared to the fully factored load including dynamic load allowance and live load factors. / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-12-23 11:56:12.314

The horse is an animal that often becomes humanized. Despite domestication, the horse still has a need to interact with other horses, be able to move for the most of the day, and being able to graze. If these needs cannot be fulfilled, the horse can be negatively affected and develop abnormal behaviours. An example of abnormal behaviours is weaving; the horse performs a swinging motion in the front area of the body during a long time. This literature review aims to investigate how different stabling forms (box/stall) affect the incidence of weaving, and also how this behaviour can be prevented or limited. Weaving in the box occurs mainly when the horse has only little or no outdoor activity and when it cannot socialize with other horses. The rate of weaving seems to be more common in the stalls, especially when horses have a limited time of being outdoors. Weaving can be reduced or even disappear if the horse gets company in the pasture, or something as simple as the box contains a mirror. The most beneficial for the horse's welfare would be if they could go out most of the day and then have company of other individuals. / Hästen är ett djur som ofta förmänskligas. Trots domesticering har hästen fortfarande ett stort behov av att interagera med artfränder, att vara i rörelse under största delen av dygnet, och att kunna beta. Då möjligheten att uppfylla dessa behov inte tillgodoses kan hästen påverkas negativt och utveckla onormala beteenden. Ett exempel på onormala beteenden är vävning; hästen utför en gungande rörelse med frampartiet under en längre tid. Studiens syfte är att utreda hur olika uppstallningsformer (box/spilta) påverkar förekomsten av vävning, och också hur detta beteende kan förebyggas eller begränsas. Vävning i box förekommer främst då hästen endast har liten eller ingen utevistelse och då den inte kan socialisera med andra hästar. Frekvensen av uppvisande av vävning verkar vara vanligare i spiltor, speciellt då hästars utevistelse också är begränsad. Vävningen kan dock minskas eller till och fås att upphöra helt om hästen får sällskap ute i hagen, eller något så enkelt som att hästens box förses med en spegel. Det mest gynnsamma för hästens välfärd skulle vara om de fick gå ute större delen av dygnet och ha sällskap av individer den kommer överens med. / <p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      </p>

No description available.

Eucalyptus microcarpa Maiden (Grey Box) is a common and widespread woodland and open forest in south-eastern Australia. In Victoria, it features prominently in woodlands throughout the southern, central and northern plains environments, and also in the box-ironbark forests of the Great Dividing Range. Temperate grassy woodlands have been extensively modified since European settlement of Victoria and consequently the native biodiversity associated with them has undergone a dramatic decline. Paramount to this decline has been the landscape-scale reduction in tree cover associated with agricultural clearing, which in some regions approaches 95% or pre-European extent. Similar to most other woodland tree species, E. microcarpa is today restricted to small remnant patches or relict individuals within agricultural landscapes where extensive stands once occurred.

Thesis (M.E.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1973.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-188). Also available via the Internet.

The aim of this diploma thesis was evaluating the influence of temperature of the air on the behaviour of Holstein calves in individual outdoor calf hutches. The experimental part of this thesis has been performed on university's dairy facility Žabčice. Among the analyzed behavioural manifestations were included especially the time spent lying down or standing, outside or inside the hutch. Impact of bodyweight, age, treated or untreated bedding on calves' vital signs were also evaluated. When evaluating the time spent lying down, the laterality was taken into account. In the context of obtained results it can be said that the temperature is important factor, when evaluating its effect on Holstein cal-ves behaviour in invididual hutches. But more important factor affecting calves behavior is their weight and age.

No abstract included. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

The problem in this study was to design, build, and use a projection box to determine if it will help the student to better visualize problems included in descriptive geometry.

Development of a software system from existing components can surely have various benefits, but can also entail a series of problems. One type of problems is caused by a limited exchange of information between the developer and user of a component, i.e. the developer of a componentbased system. A limited exchange of information cannot only require the testing by the user but it can also complicate this tasks, since vital artifacts, source code in particular, might not be available. Self-testing components can be one response in such situation. This paper describes an enhancement of the Self-Testing COTS Components (STECC) Method so that an appropriately enabled component is not only capable of white-box testing its methods but also capable of black-box testing.