Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Roberto Ortiz de Camargo.pdf: 1205484 bytes, checksum: d6cf6755c1b8fc5fe944785953db1118 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-27 / This dissertation discusses the ethics involved in intercompany commercial transactions, and its main objective is to research how negotiation strategies can influence the relationship between the salesperson and the purchasing agent. The sampling range of this study is limited to analyzing the perspective of the purchasing agent who negotiates on behalf of photocopy resellers, and restricted to those companies which are authorized to resell equipments by at least one manufacturer. The companies are all located in the State of S o Paulo, Brazil. My main rationale for choosing this project was based on personal preference. Having had experience in several functions related to B2B sales created in me curiosity regarding the relationship between salesperson and purchasing agent. These questions involve primarily the subjective aspects of the transactions between them, ethical values of the purchasing organization agents, and the collaborative attitude of these purchasing agents with one supplier, in detriment of other suppliers. After some exploratory research, the article written by Lewicki, Robinson e Donahue (2000) played a crucial role in the definition and development of the methodology used on this research. The article reports that negotiators perceive ethically controversial tactics in different ways, and it presents a scale to evaluate these differences. This scale is composed of 16 tactics and was used in two instances of data collection. The scale was first used to analyze the purchasing agents ethical perception, and then their willingness to cooperate when they realize that their counterpart was using some of these tactics on them. The results of the research showed that statistically there is a direct correlation between the ethical perception of the negotiation tactics, and the willingness of the purchasing agent to cooperate with the salesperson / Esta dissertação trata da ética nas transações comerciais entre empresas, e tem como principal objetivo pesquisar a influência das estratégias de negociação na rela ção comprador-vendedor. O universo pesquisado limita-se à analise da perspectiva dos agentes de compras que negociam em nome de empresas revendedoras de fotocopiadoras, restrito aquelas autorizadas a revender tais equipamentos por pelo menos um fabricante, situadas no Estado de São Paulo, sendo que a principal motiva ção para engajar nessa jornada de cunho pessoal. A experiência em diversas funções ligadas à vendas B2B, despertou no pesquisador algumas inquieta ções sobre a rela ção vendedor-comprador, as quais referem-se à questões que envolvem principalmente os aspectos subjetivos da transa ção dentre eles, os valores éticos dos agentes da organiza ção compradora e a atitude de colaborar desses agentes com um fornecedor em detrimento de outro. Após pesquisa exploratória, o artigo de Lewicki, Robinson e Donahue (2000) teve um papel crucial na defini ção e no desenvolvimento da metodologia adotada neste estudo. O artigo relata que os negociadores percebem táticas eticamente questionáveis de diferentes maneiras e propõe uma escala para avaliar esta desigualdade. Esta escala, composta por 16 táticas, foi utilizada em dois momentos durante a constru ção do instrumento de coleta de dados. Em um primeiro momento, para analisar a percep ção ética dos agentes de compras, e logo depois, a disposi ção destes agentes em cooperar quando percebem que seu oponente estão usando as táticas com eles. O resultado estatisticamente encontrado foi que realmente há correla ção entre a percep ção ética sobre as táticas de negocia ção e a disposi ção dos agentes de compras em colaborar com o vendedor

L’objet de la présente étude est de comprendre comment une entité sociale devient partie prenante d’une entreprise. En effet, les différentes méthodes de détermination des parties prenantes sont critiquées sur leur portée heuristique. Une de ces nombreuses difficultés est leur incapacité à dire "qui" est partie prenante et "qui" ne l’est. Pour le dire autrement, la théorie des parties prenantes manque d’un critère de falsifiabilité. Dès lors, comprendre le processus par lequel une entité devient partie prenante revient implicitement à admettre que cette dernière au préalable ne l’est pas. De ce fait, étudier le processus par lequel un groupe d’individus devient partie prenante d’une entreprise revient à énoncer un critère de falsification puisqu’il devient possible de dire comment être partie prenante comment ne pas l’être. Telle est la problématique générale de ce projet de recherche.Pour comprendre ce processus, la réflexion part donc du postulat qu’une catégorie ne "nait" pas partie prenante mais le devient. La phase empirique de cette recherche repose sur une enquête multi cas. Trois entreprises sont étudiées. Les données traitées selon une analyse de contenu parviennent à faire ressortir une conception de l’entreprise comme nœud de quatre liens. Ces liens sont : un lien partenarial, un lien juridico-politique, un lien commercial et un lien sociétal. Selon le lien par lequel un individu ou un groupe d’individus est lié à l’organisation, il-cet individu- endosse un rôle particulier.Les personnes liées à l’entreprise par un lien partenarial sont des partenaires ou des contractants. Les individus liés à l’entreprise par le lien marchand sont des clients. Le lien juridico-politique met une personne en relation avec l’entreprise via des institutions judiciaires ou politiques. Les individus liés à l’entreprise par le lien sociétal sont des parties prenantes. Tout rôle étant provisoire, alors les individus sont provisoirement des parties prenantes. Le processus par lequel un groupe d’individus peut devenir partie prenante débute par la survenue d’un élément à enjeu (décision, comportement organisationnel). Le processus est aléatoire, imprévisible, contextuel et temporaire puisque tout acte de l’entreprise ne suscite pas de mobilisations. / The purpose of this study is to understand how a social entity becomes a stakeholder. The various methods of determining the stakeholders are criticized on their heuristic value. One of these problems is their inability to say "who" is a stakeholder and "who" is not. In other words, the stakeholder theory lacks a criterion of falsifiability. Therefore, understanding the process by which an entity becomes a stakeholder means that this entity is not a priori a stakeholder. Consequently, studying the process by which a group of individuals becomes a stakeholder of a company returns to state a criterion of falsification. This is the general problem of this research.To understand this process, it is said that any group cannot be considered at beginning as a stakeholder but it can become a stakeholder. The empirical phase is based on a multiple- case study. Three companies are studied. The study reveals three main results. First, the firm is seen as a four-relationship node. Second, all parties cannot be consider as stakeholders. Finally, according to the link through which an individual or group of individuals is related to the organization, it assumes a special role. These links are: the partnership relationship, the legal-political relationship, the commercial relationship and the societal relationship. Persons related to the company by a partnership relationship are partners. Individuals related to the company by the commercial relationship are clients. The legal and political relationship puts a person in connection with the company through legal or political institutions. Individuals related to the company by the societal relationship are stakeholders.The process by which a group of individuals can become stakeholders begins with the occurrence of an element in issue (decision, organizational behavior). The process is random, unpredictable, and temporary because any decision of a company do not cause mobilizations.

L’objet de la présente étude est de comprendre comment une entité sociale devient partie prenante d’une entreprise. En effet, les différentes méthodes de détermination des parties prenantes sont critiquées sur leur portée heuristique. Une de ces nombreuses difficultés est leur incapacité à dire "qui" est partie prenante et "qui" ne l’est. Pour le dire autrement, la théorie des parties prenantes manque d’un critère de falsifiabilité. Dès lors, comprendre le processus par lequel une entité devient partie prenante revient implicitement à admettre que cette dernière au préalable ne l’est pas. De ce fait, étudier le processus par lequel un groupe d’individus devient partie prenante d’une entreprise revient à énoncer un critère de falsification puisqu’il devient possible de dire comment être partie prenante comment ne pas l’être. Telle est la problématique générale de ce projet de recherche.Pour comprendre ce processus, la réflexion part donc du postulat qu’une catégorie ne "nait" pas partie prenante mais le devient. La phase empirique de cette recherche repose sur une enquête multi cas. Trois entreprises sont étudiées. Les données traitées selon une analyse de contenu parviennent à faire ressortir une conception de l’entreprise comme nœud de quatre liens. Ces liens sont : un lien partenarial, un lien juridico-politique, un lien commercial et un lien sociétal. Selon le lien par lequel un individu ou un groupe d’individus est lié à l’organisation, il-cet individu- endosse un rôle particulier.Les personnes liées à l’entreprise par un lien partenarial sont des partenaires ou des contractants. Les individus liés à l’entreprise par le lien marchand sont des clients. Le lien juridico-politique met une personne en relation avec l’entreprise via des institutions judiciaires ou politiques. Les individus liés à l’entreprise par le lien sociétal sont des parties prenantes. Tout rôle étant provisoire, alors les individus sont provisoirement des parties prenantes. Le processus par lequel un groupe d’individus peut devenir partie prenante débute par la survenue d’un élément à enjeu (décision, comportement organisationnel). Le processus est aléatoire, imprévisible, contextuel et temporaire puisque tout acte de l’entreprise ne suscite pas de mobilisations. / The purpose of this study is to understand how a social entity becomes a stakeholder. The various methods of determining the stakeholders are criticized on their heuristic value. One of these problems is their inability to say "who" is a stakeholder and "who" is not. In other words, the stakeholder theory lacks a criterion of falsifiability. Therefore, understanding the process by which an entity becomes a stakeholder means that this entity is not a priori a stakeholder. Consequently, studying the process by which a group of individuals becomes a stakeholder of a company returns to state a criterion of falsification. This is the general problem of this research.To understand this process, it is said that any group cannot be considered at beginning as a stakeholder but it can become a stakeholder. The empirical phase is based on a multiple- case study. Three companies are studied. The study reveals three main results. First, the firm is seen as a four-relationship node. Second, all parties cannot be consider as stakeholders. Finally, according to the link through which an individual or group of individuals is related to the organization, it assumes a special role. These links are: the partnership relationship, the legal-political relationship, the commercial relationship and the societal relationship. Persons related to the company by a partnership relationship are partners. Individuals related to the company by the commercial relationship are clients. The legal and political relationship puts a person in connection with the company through legal or political institutions. Individuals related to the company by the societal relationship are stakeholders.The process by which a group of individuals can become stakeholders begins with the occurrence of an element in issue (decision, organizational behavior). The process is random, unpredictable, and temporary because any decision of a company do not cause mobilizations.