Candacės Bushnell romanai atskleidžia šiuolaikinės moters tapatybės problemas. Romanų veikėja Kerė Bradšo atspindi nepriklausomą, savo vienišumu patenkiną moterį, kuriai vyras reikalingas tik tam, kad pildytų jos užgaidas. Be to, Kerė yra moteris, kuriai mada padeda atskleisti jos asmenybę. Šiuolaikinė moterų literatūra turi tikslą ne tik suteikti savo skaitytojams gerų emocijų, bet ir apibrėžti šiuolaikines moterų, ieškančių savosios asmenybės, problemas. / The novels written by Candace Bushnell reveal the problems of identity of a contemporary woman. The female character of the novels, Carrie Bradshaw, represents an independent woman who is satisfied being single and needs a man only to fulfil her desires. Moreover, Carrie is a fashion-oriented female; through fashion, she shows her individuality. Contemporary women’s literature has the goal not only to entertain its readers but also to define the contemporary problems that female face when they seek for self- identity.

<p>Politike predstavljanja ženskih identiteta u<br />javnom i medijskom diskursu mogu se<br />posmatrati kao izraz odnosa moći u određenom<br />dru&scaron;tvu i istorijskom razdoblju, i da je u tom<br />smislu pozicija &laquo;ženskog&raquo; konstruisana i<br />označena kao figura &laquo;drugog&raquo;, kao figura u<br />kojoj se ogledaju dominantni dru&scaron;tveni odnosi.<br />Žena je ovdje kategorija, dakle, riječ je o tome<br />da je ono &scaron;to se pripisuje ovoj kategoriji<br />odnosno ženskom principu drugo,<br />drugorazredno, nepoželjno, manje vrednovano u<br />vladajućim ideologijama i njima svojstvenim<br />medijskim praksama. Jedan od problema kojima<br />se bavim u ovom radu je istraživanje da li nove<br />medijske tehnologije i novi oblici komunikacija<br />i preno&scaron;enja medijskog sadržaja, kao i<br />formiranje dinamičnog su/odnosa medijskog<br />teksta i medijskih publika doprinose promjeni<br />reprezentacije i konstruisanja ženskih identiteta<br />u medijskim diskursima ili naprosto ponavljaju<br />patrijarhalne diskriminatorne obrasce u novom<br />medijskom okruženju.<br />Cilj istraživanja je da pokaže kako se konstrui&scaron;u<br />različiti identiteti žena u reprezentacijskim<br />praksama online (onlajn) izdanja &scaron;tampanih<br />medija, kao da li su na dijelu, i ako jesu na koji<br />način djeluju, strategije isključivanja žena u<br />medijskoj praksi kroz konstrukcije stvarnosti,<br />getoizacije i stereotipizacije žena u medijima.<br />Metodolo&scaron;ki okvir istraživanja &rdquo;Rodna analiza<br />onlajn &scaron;tampanih medija u Srbiji&rdquo; predstavlja<br />kombinaciju kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih<br />pristupa u procesu dokazivanja postavljenih<br />hipoteza, jedne op&scaron;te i tri specifične, proiza&scaron;le<br />iz nje.<br />Op&scaron;ta hipoteza<br />Ženski identitet nezavisno od globalne<br />transformacije medijskih žanrova i načina<br />komunikacije u savremenom tranzicionom<br />dru&scaron;tva u Srbiji je uvijek reprezentovan kroz<br />figuru &bdquo;drugog&rdquo; i &bdquo;drugosti&rdquo;, i to bez obzira na<br />identitetsku poziciju koju zauzima u dru&scaron;tvenoj<br />raspodjeli moći.<br />Hipoteza 1<br />Različita distribucija moći i vidljivosti u odnosu<br />na različite ženske identitete je prisutna u<br />medijskom diskursu (žene iz javne sfere<br />naspram marginalizovanih).<br />Hipoteza 2<br />Medijski tekst prepoznaje temu nasilja nad<br />ženama kao ključnu koja se odnosi na živote<br />žena, odnosno kada su u pitanju medijske<br />reprezentacije žena u dru&scaron;tvenom kontekstu,<br />one su u najvećem broju predstavljene kao<br />žrtve.<br />Hipoteza 3<br />Žene iz manjinskih i marginalizovanih grupa su<br />nevidljive u medijskom diskursu onlajn izdanja<br />&scaron;tampanih medija.<br />Provjera hipoteza se realizuje kroz istraživanje<br />koje uključuje monitoring onlajn izdanja<br />&scaron;tampanih medija (tekstova i komentara čitalaca<br />i čitateljki): četiri nacionalna: Blic, Politika,<br />Kurir, Danas i jednog lokalnog ‒ novosadski<br />Dnevnik. Istraživački ciklus je obuhvatio period<br />od 5 mjeseci (od novembra 2013. do marta<br />2014.). Selektovani su tekstovi o ženama koji su<br />na web stranicama: www.blic.rs; ww.politika.rs;<br />www.kurir-info.rs; www.danas.rs;<br />www.dnevnik.rs u sljedećim danima:<br />07.11.2013.; 25.11.2013.; 10.12.2013.;<br />18.12.2013.; 27.01.2014.; 31.01.2014.;<br />14.02.2014.; 28.02.2014.; 08.03.2014.;<br />13.03.2014.<br />Ukupan broj pregledanih tekstova je 184, dok<br />broj pregledanih komentara iznosi 980.<br />Onlajn sadržaj &scaron;tampanih medija proizvodi<br />istovjetne strategije isključivanja žena i njihovu<br />getoizaciju, kako u samom tekstu tako i u<br />komentarima nove interaktivne publike, koja<br />postaje ko-autor/ka u procesu promocije i<br />legitimizacije mizoginije kao javnog govora.<br />Ovaj rad je pokazao da informacijskokomunikacijske<br />tehnologije same po sebi ne<br />mjenjaju nejednakosti i da je neophodno<br />uspostaviti nove modele upotrebe savremenih<br />tehnologija, koje će žene i druge<br />marginalizovane grupe koristiti za socijalno<br />pozicioniranje na internetu, ali i obrazovanje<br />koje implicira novo oblikovanje rodnih uloga i<br />praktičan rad (programiranje, veb-dizajn) kako<br />bi stvorile orodnjeni i pravedniji sajber prostor<br />(gendered syber space).</p> / <p>Policies of representation of female identities in<br />public and media discourse can be seen as the<br />expression of the relations of power in a certain<br />society and historical period. In that sense, the<br />position of &bdquo;feminine&ldquo; is constructed and<br />labeled as &bdquo;the other&ldquo;, the figure reflecting<br />prevailing social relations. Thus, woman is a<br />category and things attributed to this category,<br />i.e. to the feminine principle, are other, secondrated,<br />unwelcome, less worth within the<br />dominant ideologies and media practices typical<br />for them. One of the issues I deal with in this<br />work is the research on whether the new media<br />technologies and new forms of communication<br />and conveying media content, as well as the<br />dynamic relationship between media contents<br />and media audiences, contribute to the change<br />of representing and constructing feminine<br />identities in media discourses, or they just<br />repeat the patriarchal discriminatory patterns in<br />a new media setting.<br />Aim of the research is to show how different<br />identities of women are being constructed in the<br />representation practices of the online editions<br />of the printed media, as well as to determine if<br />these media practices include the strategies of<br />excluding women through certain constructions<br />of reality, ghettoization and stereotyping of<br />women in the media, and if they do, to examine<br />how these strategies work.<br />Methodological framework of the research<br />&bdquo;Gender Analysis of the Online Editions of<br />Printed Media in Serbia&ldquo; includes combination<br />of quantitative and qualitative approaches to the<br />process of proving hypotheses &ndash; one general<br />and three specific hypotheses derived from the<br />general one.<br />General Hypothesis<br />Unrelated to the global transformation of media<br />genres and ways of communication, female<br />identity in the contemporary transitional society<br />of Serbia is always represented as &bdquo;the other&ldquo;<br />and through &bdquo;otherness&ldquo;, regardless of the<br />position an identity has in the social distribution<br />of power.<br />Hypothesis 1<br />In the media discourse there is uneven<br />distribution of power and visibility of different<br />female identities (women from the public sphere<br />vs. marginalized women).<br />Hypothesis 2<br />Media texts recognize the subject of violence<br />against women as the crucial subject of the lives<br />of women, i.e. it is crucial in the media<br />representations of women in the social context &ndash;<br />and the majority of women are presented as<br />victims.<br />Hypothesis 3<br />Women from minority and marginalized groups<br />are invisible in the media discourse of the online<br />editions of printed media.<br />Hypotheses were tested through the research<br />based on monitoring online editions of the<br />printed media (texts and comments of readers):<br />four national &ndash; Blic, Politikа, Kurir, Dаnаs, and<br />one local &ndash; Dnevnik from Novi Sad. Research<br />cycle covered 5 months (from November 2013<br />to March 2014). I selected texts about women<br />published at web pages www.blic.rs;<br />www.politika.rs; www.kurir-info.rs;<br />www.danas.rs; www.dnevnik.rs on the<br />following dates: 07.11.2013.; 25.11.2013.;<br />10.12.2013.; 18.12.2013.; 27.01.2014.;<br />31.01.2014.; 14.02.2014.; 28.02.2014.;<br />08.03.2014.; 13.03.2014.<br />Total number of examined texts was 184, while<br />the total number of examined comments was<br />980.<br />Online content of the printed media produces<br />the identical strategies of excluding and<br />ghettoizing women, both in the texts and in the<br />comments of the new interactive audience that<br />becomes the co-author of the promotion and<br />legitimization of misogyny in the public<br />discourse.<br />This work showed that informationalcommunicational<br />technologies by themselves do<br />not change inequalities, and that it would be<br />necessary to establish new models of use of<br />contemporary technologies, so that women and<br />other marginalized groups could use them for<br />social positioning on the Internet, but also for<br />the education that would imply reshaping of<br />gender roles and practical work (programming,<br />web-design) for the purpose of creating more<br />gendered and equitable cyber space.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to make a plot of generations changes in motherhood. The aim of the theoretical part is to introduce possible views on motherhood. It gives us a look at materhood like a social construct and a biological instinct. This part is also dealing with their reciprocal combinations. Another parts of this section is to introduce motherhood like a social role and motherhood like a sense of identity. The aim of the practical part is to collect information from mothers of three generations about their own experiences with motherhood. The interview was according to The Grounded Theory. The particular aims of this section are to discover important areas of motherhood for women of all generations, find out the generation changes in this areas and evaluate the impact of this changes on the final image of motherhood. The generation changes and important areas of motherhood are compared and discussed with theoretical findings from the first part. The conclusion of this work thesis is focused on importance of these generation changes on the final image of motherhood.