The purpose of this research was to assess the lifestyle of international students at Western Kentucky University (WKU) and to compare the lifestyles of international and American students and subgroups of international students. The Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ), was a 26-item personal health lifestyle test, which had six sections (nutrition, exercise, smoking, alcohol and drugs, safety, and stress). The test-retest reliability of LSQ was evaluated by Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) and was .89. During October and November 1997, 55 international students and 64 American students at WKU finished the LSQ. Significant differences were found between the American student group and the international student group on the total LSQ score (t=3.47) and the scores on the sections of Smoking (t=2.17), Alcohol and Drugs (2.91), and Safety (3.91) after analysis by a t-test. International students had higher scores on the above areas. No significant differences were indicated between the two groups in nutrition, exercise, and stress. The above results were discussed and analyzed on possible causes, consistency with previous research, and limitations of this study. Recommendations about the potential use of LSQ and the work effectiveness of international student health services were also presented.

There is presently a lack of research on the types of communication barriers faced by the rural elderly when accessing health care. Furthermore, much of the research on the rural elderly is old and outdated. Thus, this thesis research sought to identify and explore communication barriers faced by the rural elderly when accessing healthcare. Specifically, the research in this thesis seeks to answer the following research questions: What types of communication barriers do rural elderly face when seeking health care? More specifically, what sorts of patient-provider communication barriers will the rural elderly of South Central Kentucky identify? An interview guide was developed to explore the perceived communication barriers encountered when accessing healthcare. The data were collected from subjects, who must have been at least 65 years of age and must have visited a senior center in the Barren River Area Development District on the date of interviews (n=59). The data was analyzed using frequencies and central tendencies with SPSS. The study satisfied the purpose of expanding and updating what is known about the communication barriers faced by the rural elderly when accessing health care. The study also, demonstrates that further research is needed on this topic to update the current knowledge even more so.

The purpose of this research was to determine whether personal health assessments would increase Personal Health 100 students' health knowledge and healthy behaviors. This research is important because of the objectives set by Healthy People 2000 to promote health and because of the need for comprehensive school health education programs. By focusing on health promotion in the school setting, more effective preventive programs can be devised. The factors investigated included health knowledge and the following health behaviors: exercise, alcohol consumption, use of tobacco, sleep, breakfast, sexual activity, and seatbelt use. These factors were chosen based on a longevity theory. Data were collected for this study in the spring semester 1996 at Western Kentucky University. The responses from 244 undergraduate students were collected using the HKI (Health Knowledge Inventory) and a behavioral assessment. The data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance and a chi- square analysis. None of the factors^ were found to be significantly affected by the personal health assessments. The results revealed that the methods to increase health knowledge and healthy behaviors had no short-term effects on the undergraduate students.

The increase in preventable diseases in many parts of Africa is becoming quite a concern for the African community as well as for epidemiologists all over the world. There is a general consensus among African epidemiologists that a lack of health education and traditional cultures contribute to this trend. The purpose of this thesis is to report the results of a survey of health knowledge among college students in the southern region of Nigeria, specifically, in Enugu and it's surrounding environ. First year students at the two universities in this region completed the health knowledge inventory (HKI). These students were enrolled in classes in general education-- which covers topics ranging from history, geography, and government, to personal hygiene. The HKI was utilized in measuring the health knowledge of these students. The result of the survey indicates a need for improvement in the health knowledge of Nigeria students. The Nigerian students scored lower than a large sample of American college students on human sexuality, chronic disease, communicable disease and mental health subscales. On the rest of the subscales the students' scores were above average. The results from this survey may be relevant in the development of health care programs for the area.

The harmful effects on health caused by exposure to enviromental tobacco smoke (ETS) are well documented. In 1987 and 1996 mail surveys were conducted to determine the change in practices, attitudes and knowledge of food service owners and managers of south central Kentucky on some issues relating to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Study subjects included all food service owners and managers of south central Kentucky that have a permit on file at the Barren River District Health Department. In 1987, a total of 127 out of 431 questionnaires were received ( 29.5% response rate). In 1996 the response rate was 30.6% (190 responses out of 620 questionnaires mailed). Most of the responses in the 1996 survey (42.6%) were from Warren county. Retail food services and school cafeterias made up 57.9% of the respondents. It was hypothesized that there has not been any changes in the percentages of food services establishments that offer a nonsmoking area to the customers between 1987 and 1996, that the percentage of food service owners that recognize the hazards of ETS has not changed, and that the percentage of food service owners that agree that the prohibition of smoking would result in a loss of customers has not changed since 1987. Using Chi-squares, frequencies and percentages it was determined that there has been an increase in the percentage of places that have a nonsmoking area 20.6% in 1987, 57.4% in 1996 (significant to 0.0001). It was also determined that there was a significance of 0.01 between the percentage of managers that agree that ETS is harmful to nonsmokers [ 71.2% in 1987 vs 98.1% in 1996 (item #3), and 43.5% in 1987 vs. 54.1% in 1996 (item #4)]. A significance of 0.0001 was found on the question of believing that a change to a smoke-free facility will result in a loss of customers. In 1987, 79.4% agreed on the statement being true vs. 53.5% in 1996.

STDs are a major public health epidemic in the United States with an estimated 19 million new cases occurring annually. Associated direct medical costs are estimated at $17 billion annually (CDC, 2010). Chlamydia is the most prevalent of all STDs and is also the most reported notifiable disease in the United States. While adolescents only account for an estimated 25% of the sexually active population, they account for nearly half of the 19 million cases. The higher prevalence of STDs among adolescents is most likely a reflection of multiple issues within a national socio-economic context. Additionally, the burden is even more disproportionate when examined by race. African American adolescents aged 15-19 experience the greatest burden of STDs. The purpose of this study is to examine proportions of risk behaviors reported among groups and the differences that are found. From the estimation of differences that were determined substantial, an analysis of was conducted in order to determine if adolescents in the study population exhibit clustering in regard to risk behaviors for STD acquisition and describe the where the potential clustering occurs as well as identify which factors that may serve as important indicators for STD positivity among this population. This paper examines data that was collected as part of a National Institute of Health grant-funded project entitled: “Behavioral Clustering in Adolescents with STDs”, conducted by Dr. Richard Rothenberg, Principal Investigator. This paper presents descriptive statistics for selected behavioral characteristics for four groups from the original study and each group’s contacts. The proportions for each characteristic are also analyzed for to see if behavioral clustering occurs within and between groups. The scope of this paper does not allow for the statement of conclusive results however, substantial differences did exist for variables among each sub group. Comparing data by group cluster and interview type proved to reveal the most about the study population. Negative males and their contacts may have extensive clustering as this group was only found to have substantial differences for two variables. Comparison of the positive and negative ego groups for both males and females also indicated clustering as only two (ego females) and three (ego males) variables were found to be substantially different. Proportions for variables regarding education, incarceration, sexual initiation, and number of partners were compared between several groupings of the study population. This paper recommends further analysis of the data in order to identify the patterns of assortativity which will be valuable in understanding the STD transmission dynamics among the social and sexual networks of the adolescents in the study population as well as have important implications on future research.

Ordre public-förbehållet innebär att svensk domstol har rätt att avstå från att tillämpa enutländsk rättsordning, erkänna eller verkställa en utländsk dom, om det skulle leda tillett resultat som är uppenbart oförenligt med grunderna för rättsordningen i Sverige. Vilkakonsekvenser som är uppenbart oförenliga med grunderna för rättsordningen har intepreciserats av lagstiftaren. Frågan har i stället lämnats åt rättstillämpningen, främstdomstolen, att avgöra. I förslaget från Europeiska kommissionen om domstols behörighet,tillämplig lag samt erkännande och verkställighet i mål om makars förmögenhetsförhållandenåterfinns ett ordre public-förbehåll. Den lag som anvisas enligt lagvalsreglernai förslaget ska tillämpas även om det inte är fråga om lagen i en medlemsstat. Medanledning av lagvalsreglernas universella karaktär är det angeläget att fastställa de konsekvensersom är förenliga med grunderna för rättsordningen i Sverige. Sannolikhetenför att den utländska rätten leder till ett resultat som strider mot grunderna för densvenska rättsordningen är större då makarnas förmögenhetsförhållanden ska avgöras enligten rättsordning vars lagbestämmelser är baserade på gammal tradition och kultur.Hit hör varken länder inom EU eller Norden, eftersom grunderna för rättsordningen inämnda länder liknar den svenska. Enligt svensk rättsuppfattning är det viktigt att degrundläggande rättigheterna som vardera make tillförsäkras inte åsidosätts på grund avdennes kön, ras, hudfärg, läggning, religion eller annan åskådning. Viktigt är även, beroendepå giftorättsgodsets storlek, att den ”svagare” maken tillförsäkras ett tillräckligtekonomiskt skydd, antingen genom äktenskapsrättsliga eller arvsrättsliga regler, i synnerhetdå den utländska rätten saknar regler om rätt att erhålla bodelning. / Public policy means that the Swedish court has the right to refuse the application of foreignlaw, recognize or enforce a foreign judgment if it would lead to a result which ismanifestly incompatible with public policy in Sweden. The result that is manifestly incompatiblewith public policy has not been specified by the legislature. The questionhas been left to the application of the law, primarily the court, to decide. A public policy-provisioncan be found in the proposal from the European Commission on jurisdiction,applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of matrimonialproperty regimes. Any law determined in accordance with the provisions of theconflict-of-law rule shall apply even if it is not the law of a Member State. As a result ofthe universal nature of the conflict-of-law rule it is crucial to determine the resultswhich are compatible with public policy in Sweden. The probability that the foreign lawleads to a result which is manifestly incompatible with Swedish law is greater when thematters of matrimonial property regimes are settled according to a law whose statutoryprovisions are based on ancient tradition and culture. The countries included here areneither the Nordic countries nor the Member States of the European Union because thelegal system of these countries is very similar to the Swedish legal system. According toSwedish conception of legality it is important that the fundamental rights, ensured foreveryone, is not overrode because of a person´s gender, race, colour, sexual orientation,religion or other views. Of importance is also that the ”weaker” spouse is ensured a sufficientfinancial protection, either through matrimonial rights or inheritance rights, inparticular when foreign law lacks rules about division of the matrimonial property.

Panchayati raj

Centre-State relations in educational

Environment and administration