Thesis (M. Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1999." Also available in print.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Hong Kong, 200.

Thesis (M. Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Objective: Childhood abuse has been found to be associated with adult-onset asthma; however, this association has not been studied in low- and middle-income countries with a high burden of gender-based violence, including childhood abuse. We examined the odds of asthma diagnosed at age 18 or older in relation to history of physical and sexual abuse among Peruvian pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected demographic characteristics, history of abuse and asthma diagnoses from 3081 pregnant women. Logistic regression procedures estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (aOR, [95% CI]) for asthma diagnoses in relation to abuse. Results: Overall, 71% of the women reported a history of abuse (<18 years), and asthma was diagnosed among 2.6% of the cohort participants. The prevalence of physical only, sexual only and both physical and sexual childhood abuse was 38, 8 and 25%, respectively. The history of physical only (1.16, [0.63–2.17]), sexual only (2.11, [0.92–4.84]) or both physical and sexual childhood abuse (1.75, [0.94–3.29]) was positively associated with increased odds of asthma, although the associations were not statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. However, the odds of asthma increased with increasing numbers of abuse events (ptrend = 0.01). Women who reported ≥3 abuse events had an increased odds of asthma (1.88, [1.06–3.34]). Conclusion: Our results do not provide convincing evidence that childhood abuse is associated with asthma among pregnant Peruvian women; however, we were able to demonstrate that an increased number of abuse events are associated with asthma. Further research is required to better understand the effects of abuse on asthma. / This research was supported by an award from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD-059835). The NIH had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The authors wish to thank the dedicated staf f members of Asociacion Civil Proyectos en Salud (PROESA), Peru, and Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal, Peru, for their expert technical assistance with this research. / Revisión por pares

Orientador: Marcelo de Castro Meneghim / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Esdual de Campinas, Instituto de Odontologia de Piracaba. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:08:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Esmeriz_ClaudiaElisadeCampos_M.pdf: 1195582 bytes, checksum: fb3a246174c40a436230f039f24896eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O presente trabalho é composto por dois estudos, realizados com uma amostra de 371 idosos vinculados a Unidades de Saúde da Família, tendo como principal objetivo verificar se há associação entre a autopercepção de saúde bucal do idoso e variáveis clínicas, sociodemográficas, domínios de qualidade de vida e epressão geriátrica, e como sua saúde bucal pode interferir em sua autoavaliação e qualidade de vida. Em ambos, a amostra apresentou média (desvio-padrão) de idade de 67,4 anos (2,8), com maioria na faixa etária entre 60 a 70 anos, predomínio do gênero feminino (63,3%), casados (60,5%) e que cursaram o ensino fundamental (75%). Apresentaram alto índice CPO-D em 28,5 (4,8), quando comparado a outras faixas etárias e alta pocentagem de uso de próteses removíveis (parciais ou totais) 80,6%. O primeiro estudo teve como variável dependente a autopercepção de saúde bucal. Foram realizadas avaliações clínicas (OMS 1999) para índice CPO-D, CPI e Uso/Necessidade de prótese, e utilizados três instrumentos de avaliações não clínicas: 1 - Qualidade de Vida (SF-36); 2 - Autopercepção de saúde bucal (Índice GOHAI) e 3 - Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (Yesavage). Os dados foram avaliados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher (freqüência de respostas menores que 5), utilizando um nível de significância de 95% (a=0,05). A autopercepção de saúde bucal apresentou como resultados, uma autovaliação, pelos examinados, considerada positiva (Gohai>30), apesar dos resultados das avaliações clínicas terem sido contrários a essa autopercepção. Em função da autopercepção, a característica sociodemográfica escolaridade apresentou resultados significativos estatisticamente (p<0,05). Associada aos domínios de qualidade de vida, apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos dois (aspectos físicos e emocionais) dos oito domínios, bem como, depressão geriátrica (p<0,05). A metodologia do segundo estudo procurou avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos e a qualidade de vida (por meio de seus oito domínios) do examinado, na qual foram realizadas avaliações clínicas (OMS 1999) para índice CPO-D, CPI e Uso/Necessidade de prótese, e utilizados dois instrumentos de avaliações não clínicas: 1 - Qualidade de Vida (SF-36); 2 - Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (Yesavage). Todas características sociodemográficas apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos (p<0.05), associados ao CPO-D, e, gênero e estado civil apresentaram para necessidade de prótese. O uso de prótese apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa, em função dos domínios capacidade funcional, aspectos físicos, dor e aspectos emocionais. Destes trabalhos, depreende-se que a saúde geral e fatores psicológicos podem ser significativos para o paciente idoso e interferir em suas condições clínicas de saúde bucal, inclusive na progressão de doenças bucais e tratamentos. Observa-se, então, a necessidade de o idoso conhecer-se e autoavaliar-se, segundo suas reais condições de saúde bucal, procurando auxílio profissional e, consequentemente, adquirindo melhor qualidade de vida associada à saúde bucal. / Abstract: This work consists of two studies with the main objective to verify whether a relationship exists between self-rated oral health of the elderly and clinical variables, sociodemographic, domains of quality of life and geriatric depression, and how the oral health can interfere in their self-assessment and quality of life. In both, the sample had a mean (standard deviation) age of 67.4 years (2.8), most aged between 60 to 70 years, predominantly female (63.3%), married (60.5%) and with only elementary education (75%). The mean DMFT index was 28.5 (4.8) and high use of removable dentures (partial or total), approximately 80.6%. In the first study, the dependent variable was the self-rated oral health. Were conducted clinical evaluations (OMS 1999) for DMFT index, IPC index and Use / Need for prosthesis, and used three instruments of non-clinical evaluations: 1 - Quality of Life (SF-36); 2 - Self-perception of oral health (Index GOHAI) and 3 - the Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage). The data were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square and Fisher's exact or G-Test (frequency of responses below 5), using a confidence interval of 95% (a=0.05). The self-perceived oral health, showed as a result, a self-assessment, considered positive (Gohai > 30), although the findings of the clinical evaluations, have been contrary to this positive self-perception. When associated with self-perception, of socio-demographic characteristics, education been that presented statistically significant results (p<0.05). Associated with the domains of quality of life, shown statistically significants two of eight domains, as well as geriatric depression (p<0.05). The methodology of the second study sought to evaluate the epidemiological and quality of life (through the eight domains) of each individual, in which clinical evaluations were performed (OMS 1999) for DMFT index, IPC index and Use/Need for prosthesis, and used two instruments of non-clinical evaluations: 1 - Quality of Life (SF-36) 2 - Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage). Data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis, chisquare and Fisher's exact (frequency of responses below 5) and used a confidence interval of 95% (a = 0.05). All socio-demographic characteristics showed significant results (p<0.05) associated to the DMFT and, gender and marital status showed p<0.05 for need of prosthesis. The use of prosthesis showed p<0.05 associated to the domains: capacity functional, physical aspects, bodily pain, and emotional aspects. Of these studies, we concluded that general health and psychological factors may be significant for the elderly patient and interfere in their clinical conditions of oral health, including the progression of oral diseases and treatments. It is observed, then, the need of the elderly know self-assess his oral health, according to the his actual oral health status, seeking professional help, and thus achieving better quality of life associated with oral health. / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Odontologia

M.Tech. / The purpose of this study is to determine whether chiropractic care has an effect on a patient's quality of life using the endpoints of: "the ability to perform general activities of daily living" (patient's level of disability, and restored function) and their "general emotional state" (energy level, depression, interference from emotional problems and feeling of wellness), also how these endpoints affect quality of life. Two hundred and fifty-three subjects participated in this study. The inclusion requirements were that subjects had to be aged 20 — 60, having been under chiropractic care previously. The subjects were recruited from 14 private practices from the whole of South Africa. All subjects were required to complete a self administered quality of life questionnaire. The quality of life questionnaire was developed to suit the South African population. Each questionnaire took about 5 minutes to complete. Domains used to calculate the results were changes in aerobic activity, physical activity, hygiene, activities of daily living and emotional state, after chiropractic care compared to before chiropractic care. The results overall showed that subjects experienced an improvement in their quality of life after chiropractic care. Chiropractic care therefore, had a beneficial effect on patients' quality of life. The overall results were statistically significant. The researcher therefore concludes that chiropractic care has an effect on patients' quality of life. It is recommended that future studies / research utilize a more comprehensively developed research questionnaire

M.Phil. / This is a descriptive, literature based study that examines retirement from a Personal and Professional Leadership(PPL) perspective. The aim of this study is to determine whether a PPL perspective can contribute towards better quality of life with retirement. Retirement should be a golden period. This is, however, often not the case and quality of life often deteriorates with retirement. Retirement is described and the various phases of retiryment are discussed; planning, opportunity, the honeymoon phase, the disillusionment phase, reorientation and finally stability. This study identifies the potential problematic life domains that can affect quality of life during retirement. Each life dimension is discussed comprehensively and the conclusion is reached that all life dimensions remain vitally important during retirement: -Physical needs: This includes the health of the person including the need for food; clothing and a place to stay. -Intellectual needs: Here the need for stimulation and the ability of the person to respond intellectually new situations is examined. -Social needs: The need to love and be loved is explored as well as the importance of relationships. -Emotional needs: The influence of emotions is noted and emotional management is discussed. -Spiritual needs: Spiritual intelligence is discussed and this domain is identified as one of the most important. -Financial needs: Sufficient planning and management of finances is essential. The relationships between attitude, meaning of life and quality of life are explored. A positive attitude is found to positively influence a person's quality of life, Similarly, a person who experiences life as valuable and meaningful will experience better quality of life as opposed to someone to whom life is meaningless. The conclusion is drawn that it depends largely on the individual(inside outmodel) what quality of life is experienced after retirement. The most salient results of this study are: -That the quality of life experienced after retirement is a complex matter. -The various life dimensions-physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual and financial-all impact the quality of life experience dafter retirement. -It is noted that the physical dimension is very important after retirement and that the pro-active management of the physical is vital to quality of life. -The spiritual domain is identified as the core dimension which influences all other dimensions and it must be imbalance. -Attitude is important. A positive attitude can improve quality of life. -Meaningful life can clearly affect quality of life. In essence each person must find the meaning for their existence, Once meaning is found,quality of life improves. -PPL can assist retired people to improve their quality of life. -Quality of life after retirement can be achieved through planning and pro-active management. Often lack of management and planning results in fear and anxiety. The author of this study recommends..that: -PPL courses be developed that are specifically aimed at people who want to retire. -People who have already retired can be assisted to experience better quality of life. -Further empirical research be done regarding the quality of life after retirement, especially in the South African-context,