Cheng Hin Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-46). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.v / List of Charts --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.3 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Is Commercial Property Market Having Its Own Dance? --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- Methodology --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2 --- Empirical Results --- p.11 / Chapter 3.3 --- Any Patterns? --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Natural Vacancy Rates in Hong Kong Case --- p.17 / Chapter 4.1 --- Methodology --- p.17 / Chapter 4.2 --- Data Source --- p.18 / Chapter 4.3 --- Empirical Results --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Is There Any Linear Relationship between Rate of Return (ROR) and Trading Volume? --- p.22 / Chapter 5.1 --- Data Description --- p.24 / Chapter 5.2 --- Data Selection Criteria --- p.24 / Chapter 5.3 --- Methodology --- p.25 / Chapter 5.4 --- Empirical Results --- p.27 / Chapter 5.5 --- Correlation Values --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Finding Relationship between Rent (or Rent Dispersion) and Trading Volume --- p.32 / Chapter 6.1 --- Methodology --- p.33 / Chapter 6.2 --- Empirical Results --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.36 / Bibliography --- p.39 / Appendix 1 --- p.163 / Appendix 2 --- p.165 / Appendix 3 --- p.169 / Appendix 4 --- p.186 / Appendix 5 --- p.190

In recent years the rapidly growing Chinese real estate market has attracted the attention of investors from all over the world. Foreign investments in China, however, could be risky and difficult to be undertaken. This study investigates the opportunities and barriers that foreign real estate developers may experience in China. First, the features and the governmental role in the local real estate market are introduced. Next, the typical activities of a real estate investment are analyzed. Two US and Chinese cases are presented and compared. Lastly, opportunities and barriers to foreign investors are introduced and discussed. The study, in addition, contains some recommendations that are drawn from past successful foreign real estate investments.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Sistemas em tempo real caracterizam-se como tal quando seu correto funcionamento depende não apenas do correto processamento lógico de entradas e saídas, mas também da observância de restrições temporais na geração dos sinais de saída. Assim sendo, uma das características principais de dispositivos usados em aplicações em tempo real é seu determinismo, ou seja, sua capacidade de responder, em qualquer circunstância, dentro de limites de tempo previamente determinados. Sendo esta característica um requisito básico, percebe-se a vantagem de dispor de um hardware que a incorpore. Facilitando o desenvolvimento de aplicações para esse tipo de controle, com um melhor desempenho. Visando atender esta necessidade, este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura de hardware de baixo custo para desenvolvimento de aplicações com requisitos de tempo-real para sistemas de controle distribuído. Cada unidade de processamento da arquitetura distribuída é formada pelos seguintes elementos: • Processador principal: • Gerenciador de timer e de tarefas: responsável pela gerência de timer e interrupções, bem como pela gerência dos instantes de ativação das tarefas concorrentes e sincronização com outras unidades de processamento do sistema distribuído de automação. • Processador de comunicação: responsável pela comunicação entre tarefas, incluindo o mapeamento para o protocolo de comunicação usado no barramento industrial (como por exemplo o Profibus). • Periféricos, tais como memórias, co-processadores aritméticos, unidades de disco, etc. A principal novidade proposta é o aproveitamento do baixo custo dos microcontroladores comerciais, atribuindo funções específicas para cada um, deixando o peso computacional do sistema operacional, na sua maior parte, em processadores diferentes do responsável pelo processamento das tarefas da aplicação. Dentre as vantagens da arquitetura proposta cabe aqui mencionar: • Aumento do poder de processamento de uma Unidade de Processamento das tarefas da aplicação do usuário. • Maior facilidade em obter o determinismo temporal, característica fundamental em sistemas tempo-real distribuídos. • Possibilidade de utilização de algoritmos de escalonamento mais complexos e especializados, sem uma sobrecarga proibitiva no desempenho do sistema. Os primeiros resultados obtidos com esta arquitetura, quando comparados com o exemplo industrial utilizado, são promissores. A recepção da comunidade científica também foi positiva, fato que pode ser medido pela aceitação dos diversos artigos apresentados e/ou publicados que basearam-se na arquitetura proposta nesta dissertação, quais sejam o 4th IFAC Workshop on Algorithms and Architectures for Real-Time Control [PoPe97b], Special Section of IFAC Control Engineering Practice Journal [PoPe97c], Tercer Taller Iberoamericano de Microeletrónica y sus Aplicaciones [Souza97], Euromicro'97 Workshop on Real-Time Systems [Parisoto97], Seminário Interno do DELET e IEE [PoPe96], Revista Egatea [PoPe97a] e o XII Congresso Brasileiro de Automática [PPS98]. / This work presents a low-cost hardware architecture that enhances the performance and increases the predictability of real-time distributed systems. The proposed architecture overcomes one of the major drawbacks of conventional architectures based on a single processar: the overload imposed by operating system activities. The architecture makes use of dedicated hardware units based on low cost microcontrollers. One microcontroller takes care of functions involving the management of task scheduling and time-dependent activation. Since scheduling algorithm tasks do not compete with application tasks anymore, they can be even more sophisticated and specialized. Another microcontroller is responsible for all activities related to inter-process communication, including the execution of communication drivers. It uses the processing capability to exchange data with the network, allowing the last microcontroller to expend more time in operations associated with the user's application. Not only the overall system performance is increased but the system behavior tends to be more deterministic, a very important characteristic when developing real-time applications.

by Kwok May Ling Anita. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-105). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / CHATPER / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II --- AN OVERVIEW OF THE REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY IN HONG KONG --- p.4 / A Former British Colony --- p.4 / "An Open, Free Market Economy" --- p.5 / Real Estate Development in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Land Supply --- p.6 / Government Stance --- p.8 / Property Prices --- p.9 / The Hong Kong Miracle --- p.11 / Changes in the Employment Structure --- p.11 / Hong Kong as a Servicing Center --- p.12 / Hong Kong as a Tourist Attraction --- p.13 / Property Tycoons --- p.13 / The Importance of Real Estate to the Economy --- p.14 / Chapter III --- AN OVERVIEW OF THE PRC ECONOMY --- p.17 / Open Door Policy --- p.17 / A Socialist Economy with Chinese Characteristics --- p.17 / Austerity Programme --- p.18 / Unification of the Renminbi Exchange Rate System --- p.18 / Future Development --- p.19 / Some Economic Indicators --- p.21 / Chapter IV --- AN OVERVIEW OF THE PRC REAL ESTATE BUSINESS --- p.25 / Policies Laying Down the Foundation of Real Estate / Development in China --- p.26 / Paid Use of State Land --- p.26 / Recognition of Houses as Commodities --- p.26 / Comprehensive Development Programs --- p.27 / Open Door Policy --- p.27 / Structure of the China's Real Estate Market --- p.27 / Primary Real Estate Market --- p.28 / Secondary Real Estate Market --- p.28 / Tertiary Real Estate Market --- p.29 / Commodity Housing --- p.30 / Internal Commodity Housing --- p.31 / Foreign Chinese Exchange Commodity Housing --- p.31 / External Commodity Housing --- p.31 / Stages of Development in the Real Estate Market --- p.31 / First Stage of Development - Introduction --- p.32 / Second Stage of Development - Rapid Growth --- p.35 / Third Stage of Development - Consolidation --- p.33 / Forth Stage of Development 一 Steady Growth --- p.34 / The Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000) --- p.34 / Chapter V --- A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE REAL ESTATE MARKET IN HONG KONG AND CHINA --- p.37 / Land Supply --- p.37 / Property Prices --- p.38 / The Property Market Evolution --- p.39 / The Learning Process --- p.44 / Lack of a Secondary/tertiary Market --- p.45 / Legislation --- p.45 / Chapter VI --- THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS --- p.47 / Role of a Developer --- p.47 / Property Development by Foreign Investors --- p.47 / Legal Aspects --- p.47 / A Typical Commercial Arrangement --- p.48 / Characteristics of Overseas Chinese --- p.49 / A Quick SWOT Analysis of the Overseas Chinese --- p.51 / Strengths --- p.52 / Weaknesses --- p.53 / Opportunities --- p.55 / Threats --- p.55 / Construction Costs --- p.56 / Chapter VII --- RISK ANALYSIS --- p.58 / Property Development Risks --- p.58 / Property Investment Risks --- p.59 / Operational/construction Risks --- p.60 / Availability of Financing --- p.60 / Illiquidity of Property Investments --- p.62 / Joint Venture Arrangements --- p.63 / Competition --- p.63 / Forfeiture of Land --- p.64 / Property Rights --- p.64 / Economic Risks --- p.65 / Current Dilemma --- p.65 / Oversupply --- p.66 / Substandard/inconsistent Market Behavior --- p.68 / Foreign Cash Sought to Fund Huge Infrastructure Projects --- p.69 / Asia's Currency Turmoil --- p.70 / Devaluation of Renminbi --- p.72 / Current Government Stance --- p.73 / Chapter VIII --- STRATEGIES / Functional Level Strategy --- p.76 / Preparation --- p.77 / Purchasing Land --- p.79 / Management --- p.80 / Contracting --- p.82 / Quality Control --- p.83 / Marketing --- p.85 / Financing --- p.87 / Business Level Strategy --- p.89 / Geographical Markets --- p.89 / Governmental Low-Pricing Housing Schemes --- p.90 / Target Customers --- p.91 / Service Apartment --- p.91 / Diversified Usage --- p.92 / Architecture --- p.93 / Ecology --- p.93 / Coordination between Business Strategies and Functional Strategies --- p.94 / Corporate Strategy --- p.95 / Commercial Property Management --- p.95 / Trading of Building Materials and Equipment --- p.96 / Strengthen the Strategic Relationship with Local Partners --- p.97 / Strategic Alliance with State-owned Enterprises --- p.97 / Chapter IX --- CONCLUSION --- p.99 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.101 / INTERVIEWS --- p.104

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2007

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-115)

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p.86-89)

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-179)

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-100)