国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

abstract: The rate at which new malicious software (Malware) is created is consistently increasing each year. These new malwares are designed to bypass the current anti-virus countermeasures employed to protect computer systems. Security Analysts must understand the nature and intent of the malware sample in order to protect computer systems from these attacks. The large number of new malware samples received daily by computer security companies require Security Analysts to quickly determine the type, threat, and countermeasure for newly identied samples. Our approach provides for a visualization tool to assist the Security Analyst in these tasks that allows the Analyst to visually identify relationships between malware samples. This approach consists of three steps. First, the received samples are processed by a sandbox environment to perform a dynamic behavior analysis. Second, the reports of the dynamic behavior analysis are parsed to extract identifying features which are matched against other known and analyzed samples. Lastly, those matches that are determined to express a relationship are visualized as an edge connected pair of nodes in an undirected graph. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2014

Despite the impressive advancements in people detection and tracking, safety is still a key barrier to the deployment of autonomous vehicles in urban environments [1]. For example, in non-autonomous technology, there is an implicit communication between the people crossing the street and the driver to make sure they have communicated their intent to the driver. Therefore, it is crucial for the autonomous car to infer the future intent of the pedestrian quickly. We believe that human body orientation with respect to the camera can help the intelligent unit of the car to anticipate the future movement of the pedestrians. To further improve the safety of pedestrians, it is important to recognize whether they are distracted, carrying a baby, or pushing a shopping cart. Therefore, estimating the fine- grained 3D pose, i.e. (x,y,z)-coordinates of the body joints provides additional information for decision-making units of driverless cars. In this dissertation, we have proposed a deep learning-based solution to classify the categorized body orientation in still images. We have also proposed an efficient framework based on our body orientation classification scheme to estimate human 3D pose in monocular RGB images. Furthermore, we have utilized the dynamics of human motion to infer the body orientation in image sequences. To achieve this, we employ a recurrent neural network model to estimate continuous body orientation from the trajectories of body joints in the image plane. The proposed body orientation and 3D pose estimation framework are tested on the largest 3D pose estimation benchmark, Human3.6m (both in still images and video), and we have proved the efficacy of our approach by benchmarking it against the state-of-the-art approaches. Another critical feature of self-driving car is to avoid an obstacle. In the current prototypes the car either stops or changes its lane even if it causes other traffic disruptions. However, there are situations when it is preferable to collide with the object, for example a foam box, rather than take an action that could result in a much more serious accident than collision with the object. In this dissertation, for the first time, we have presented a novel method to discriminate between physical properties of these types of objects such as bounciness, elasticity, etc. based on their motion characteristics . The proposed algorithm is tested on synthetic data, and, as a proof of concept, its effectiveness on a limited set of real-world data is demonstrated.

In many languages, antipassive morphology is comprised of aspectual morphology (Polinsky 2008). This thesis presents an analysis of the syntax and semantics of antipassives in Inuktitut by exploring the link between aspectual morphology and antipassive morphology. It resolves the longstanding question as to the factors governing the distribution of the antipassive morpheme, showing that the presence of the antipassive morpheme is determined by the meaning of the construction, i.e. it does not merely change the grammatical function. It is proposed that the antipassive construction has imperfective viewpoint in contrast to the ergative construction. Antipassive morphology is obligatory with punctual telic verbs, i.e. achievements, which are verbs that have perfective viewpoint by default. Antipassive morphology is thus necessary to convey imperfective viewpoint for verbs that are by default perfective. Using a modified Reichenbachian (Reichenbach 1947) framework, it is shown that imperfective viewpoint does not allow for telic interpretations. Instead, punctuality determines the types of viewpoint, which coincide with the aspectual meaning of the antipassive marker. Viewpoint contrasts in Inuktitut are encoded not only in morphology but in changes of case and agreement configurations. They are derived using a version of the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 2008). Imperfective viewpoint can either be default, in which case there is inherent case on the internal argument, or derived through the addition of antipassive morphology, in which case the construction closely parallels a nominative-accusative structure. Perfective viewpoint is encoded through absolutive case on the internal argument, either in an ergative construction or in a canonical intransitive construction with unaccusative verbs. The thesis provides insight into the relation between case-agreement configurations and aspectual contrasts in language and the nature of those aspectual contrasts. It also provides a new approach to the relation between lexical aspect and viewpoint by considering the role of punctuality.

In many languages, antipassive morphology is comprised of aspectual morphology (Polinsky 2008). This thesis presents an analysis of the syntax and semantics of antipassives in Inuktitut by exploring the link between aspectual morphology and antipassive morphology. It resolves the longstanding question as to the factors governing the distribution of the antipassive morpheme, showing that the presence of the antipassive morpheme is determined by the meaning of the construction, i.e. it does not merely change the grammatical function. It is proposed that the antipassive construction has imperfective viewpoint in contrast to the ergative construction. Antipassive morphology is obligatory with punctual telic verbs, i.e. achievements, which are verbs that have perfective viewpoint by default. Antipassive morphology is thus necessary to convey imperfective viewpoint for verbs that are by default perfective. Using a modified Reichenbachian (Reichenbach 1947) framework, it is shown that imperfective viewpoint does not allow for telic interpretations. Instead, punctuality determines the types of viewpoint, which coincide with the aspectual meaning of the antipassive marker. Viewpoint contrasts in Inuktitut are encoded not only in morphology but in changes of case and agreement configurations. They are derived using a version of the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 2008). Imperfective viewpoint can either be default, in which case there is inherent case on the internal argument, or derived through the addition of antipassive morphology, in which case the construction closely parallels a nominative-accusative structure. Perfective viewpoint is encoded through absolutive case on the internal argument, either in an ergative construction or in a canonical intransitive construction with unaccusative verbs. The thesis provides insight into the relation between case-agreement configurations and aspectual contrasts in language and the nature of those aspectual contrasts. It also provides a new approach to the relation between lexical aspect and viewpoint by considering the role of punctuality.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur pedagoger uppfattar matematik utifrån förskolans läroplan och hur de arbetar med matematik i enighet med läroplanens strävansmål. Tidigare gjorda studier om pedagogers uppfattningar om matematik i förskolan har visat att pedagogers attityd och inställning till matematik är avgörande för barns matematikutveckling. För att kunna genomföra denna undersökning valde jag att utföra kvalitativa intervjuer. Jag intervjuade fyra förskollärare för att få en bättre förståelse och insikt i deras inställning. Uppsatsen hade ett sociokulturellt perspektiv som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Resultatet visar att införandet av de mer detaljerade matematiska målen i den reviderade läroplanen har bidragit till ökad medvetenhet hos pedagogerna kring matematik men samtidigt uttrycker de flesta förskollärare att de behöver mer tid för att läsa, diskutera, tolka och komma till en gemensam förståelse för betydelsen av läroplanen. Pedagoger som blivit intervjuade är överens om att barns matematikinlärning sker genom sociala samspel med utgångspunkt i språket och barn lär sig bäst i vardagliga sammanhang. Förskollärarna i undersökningen poängterar även att barns tidiga och positiva erfarenheter av matematik i förskolan har en avgörande betydelse för deras framtida attityd till matematik.

Statistical approaches are capable of underpinning strong models of musical structure, perception, and cognition. Multiple viewpoint systems are probabilistic models of sequential prediction that aim to capture the multidimensional aspects of a symbolic domain with predictions from multiple finite-context models combined in an information theoretically informed way. Information theory provides an important grounding for such models. In computational terms, information content is an empirical measure of compressibility for model evaluation, and entropy a powerful weighting system for combining predictions from multiple models. In perceptual terms, clear parallels can be drawn between information content and surprise, and entropy and certainty. In cognitive terms information theory underpins explanatory models of both musical representation and expectation. The thesis makes two broad contributions to the field of statistical modelling of music cognition: firstly, advancing the general understanding of multiple viewpoint systems, and, secondly, developing bottom-up, statistical learning methods capable of capturing higher order structure. In the first category, novel methods for predicting multiple basic attributes are empirically tested, significantly outperforming established methods, and refuting the assumption found in the literature that basic attributes are statistically independent from one another. Additionally, novel techniques for improving the prediction of derived viewpoints (viewpoints that abstract information away from whatever musical surface is under consideration) are introduced and analysed, and their relation with cognitive representations explored. Finally, the performance and suitability of an established algorithm that automatically constructs locally optimal multiple viewpoint systems is tested. In the second category, the current research brings together a number of existing statistical methods for segmentation and modelling musical surfaces with the aim of representing higher-order structure. A comprehensive review and empirical evaluation of these information theoretic segmentation methods is presented. Methods for labelling higher order segments, akin to layers of abstraction in a representation, are empirically evaluated and the cognitive implications explored. The architecture and performance of the models are assessed from cognitive and musicological perspectives.

Family business is a typical governance structure around the world. From the resource-based theory viewpoint, the family members input and the trans-generational family business entrepreneurship is critical resources in family business sustainability. However, how the family capital can be a sustainable capability in family business entrepreneurship is an issue that needs to be investigated with life cycle stage in family businesses. By utilizing case studies, this research tries to investigate the role of family capital and family members in family business entrepreneurship with life cycle stage and scale consideration. The first observation reveals that family capital will develop from single to multiple items in differential life cycle and scale stage. In addressing the family business entrepreneurship issue, the development of family capital and organizational capital and the possible synergy between them are critical resources in family business entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the family capital implications in family business entrepreneurship need to be considered with the trans-generational family member characteristics and the possible synergy with organizational capital. In other words, family input and the family capital implications in family business entrepreneurship is integrated sustainable capabilities with life cycle and scale stage consideration in family businesses. The observation from Taiwan¡¦s family businesses can provide insights in family business entrepreneurship issue in greater Chinese contexts.

The biochip industry is characterized by high entry barrier in technology. For those firms in this industry, owning law-protected patents to lower the entry of the potential competitors is a key strategy in competition and competitive advantage. The firm¡¦s patent analysis not only discloses the firm¡¦s knowledge-base in biochip industry, it also impact other firms¡¦ innovation activity and technology development strategy in this industry. Previous patent analysis literatures usually focus on the performance implications of firm¡¦s patent number or the patent citation on the focal firm. However, the possible performance implications of patent contents between the focal firm and other firms in the biochip industry are relatively under-examined. From the network theory and resource-based theory viewpoint, this study tries to examine the performance implications by developing two patent indexes in patent content analysis, i.e., the patent status and the patent similarity. The results indicate that when the firm¡¦s patent status difference with each other is smaller, or the firm¡¦s patent similarity with each other is larger, the performance difference between the dyad firms will be smaller. In other words, the patent status and the patent similarity are solid indexes to predict the firm¡¦s performance difference in highly competitive and highly innovative industry, such as the biochip industry in this sample. The results provide referable value in addressing the performance issues of patent content analysis from network theory viewpoint. Moreover, it also provides complementary values in discussing market commonality and resource similarity in competitive issues.

The thesis is a course that a pre-service teacher gropes after his selfhood¡¦s curricular consciousness. The author has a dig at how he ¡§perceives¡¨ it followed by the notion of the curricular consciousness and Cherryholmes¡¦ viewpoint of deconstruction towards curriculum. Furthermore, the author must ¡§awaken¡¨himself to what the possibilities are to ¡§perceive¡¨ such kind of selfhood¡¦s curricular consciousness. In addition, the author refers to the method of the autobiography on curriculum studies from W. F. Pinar¡¦s conception, and he revises it to meet his study condition moderately to anchor the skeleton of the study. The author initiates the review of the literature concerning the ¡§curricular consciousness¡¨ and¡§Cherryholmes¡¦ viewpoint of deconstruction towards curriculum¡¨. Later, he captures the possible complements between them, and he also attempts to ¡§perceive¡¨ the map of his ¡§selfhood¡¦s curricular consciousness¡¨. After that, he gives retrospects to his past school life and tries to ¡§awaken¡¨ his selfhood to understand what the possibilities are to ¡§perceive¡¨ such kind of a map in the process of the study. Afterwards, the author retraces to the ¡§awakening¡¨ process, and intends to form a ¡§meta- awakening¡¨ to catch on how he ¡§awakens¡¨ himself in the process of the study. Eventually, he looks back to the study, and feels like envisaging his deeds in futurity, and he also offers several suggestions to the advanced study of the field. In the awakening country of the ¡§curricular consciousness¡¨, are you preparing for awakening yourself?