Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12891.pdf: 1261412 bytes, checksum: 22d81b21c8b5536ef9c962a801aed517 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IEA/D / Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo - IQ/USP

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Medidas das secções de choque de fotonêutrons do 9Be, 13C e 17O foram obtidas no intervalo de energia entre 1,6 e 10,8 MeV, utilizando radiação gama de alta resolução em energia (3 a 21 eV) produzida na captura de nêutrons térmicos por 21 materiais alvo, quando posicionados no interior de um canal tangencial, junto ao núcleo do reator de pesquisa IEAR1 (5 MW) do IPEN/CNEN-SP. As amostras foram irradiadas no interior de um sistema detector de nêutrons “Long Counter”, de geometria 4π, a 520,5 cm de distância do alvo de captura. O fluxo de raios gama foi determinado por meio da análise do espectro gama obtido fazendo uso de um detector de estado sólido do tipo Ge(Li) (EG&G ORTEC, 25 cm3, 5%), previamente calibrado com raios gama de captura produzidos por uma amostra padrão de nitrogênio (Melamina). A secção de choque de fotonêutron foi medida para o espectro de raios gama de captura de cada alvo (secção de choque composta). Uma metodologia de inversão de matrizes para a resolução de problemas inverso discretos foi utilizada para a deconvolução do conjunto de valores experimentais da secção de choque composta, com a finalidade de obter a secção de choque em valores específicos de energia de excitação (energia das linhas gama principais dos alvos de captura). As secções de choque obtidas, nas energias das linhas gama principais de todos os alvos, foram comparadas com as medidas realizadas por outros autores utilizando diferentes fontes de radiação gama. Uma boa concordância foi observada entre os resultados experimentais deste trabalho com as relatados na literatura. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

The Belle II detector is designed to collect data from the high luminosity electron-positron (e$^+$e$^-$) collisions of the SuperKEKB collider. It will explore the flavour sector of particle physics through precision measurements. The backgrounds of particles induced by the electron and positron beams will be much higher than in any previous \epem collider. It is important that these backgrounds be well understood in order to ensure appropriate measures are taken to protect the Belle II detector and minimize the impact of the backgrounds. In February 2016 electron and positron beams were circulated through the two 3 km vacuum pipe rings without being brought into collision during `Phase I' of SuperKEKB commissioning. Beam backgrounds were measured using Belle II's commissioning detector, BEAST II. BEAST II is composed of several small subdetectors, including helium-3 thermal neutron detectors. The BEAST II thermal neutron detector system and results from its Phase I running are presented in this dissertation. The Phase I experiment studies beam-gas interactions, where beam particles collide with residual gas atoms in the beampipes, and beam-beam interactions, where beam particles interact with each other. Simulations of these two types of backgrounds were performed using the Strategic Accelerator Design (SAD) and GEometry And Tracking (GEANT4) software packages. A method to account for the composition of the gas in the beampipes was developed in order to correctly analyse the beam-gas component of the background. It was also determined that the thermal neutron rates in the data on the positron beam were 2.18$^{+0.44}_{-0.42}$ times higher than the simulation of beam-gas interactions and 2.15$^{+0.34}_{-0.33}$ times higher for beam-beam interactions. The data on the electron beam were 1.32$^{+0.56}_{-0.36}$ times higher for beam-gas interactions and 1.91$^{+0.54}_{-0.48}$ time higher for beam-beam interactions. The impact of these studies on Belle II is discussed. / Graduate / samdejong86@gmail.com

Elements when bombarded with neutrons emit a gamma ray that is characteristic of the isotope that underwent a neutron induced nuclear reaction; this is known as neutron activation. The characteristic gamma energy of an isotope can then be detected and recorded. One can then analyze the gamma energies captured and determine the elemental makeup of the sample. This form of analysis can be used in an underwater environment making it potentially a valuable tool for agencies tasked with maritime security of ports and waterways, or clean-up operations. This thesis will focus on the feasibility of neutron interrogation using pulsed fast/thermal neutrons in an underwater environment for detecting various chemical substances in metal containers. A hermetically sealed, submersible container was used to test a d-T neutron generator’s and semiconductor detector’s functionality underwater in regards to detecting such chemicals as sulfur, nitrogen and chlorine rich materials.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--McMaster University (Canada), 1990. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 52-10, Section: B, page: 5290. Supervisor: M.F. Collins.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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