Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:47:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Radiação gama com energias maiores que 1,25 MeV são usualmente encontradas em ambientes de reatores, aceleradores de partículas e campos de radiação de origem cósmica. Nestas energias, a resposta de um dosímetro varia fortemente com a espessura de material absorvedor, até atingir um valor máximo conhecido como espessura de equibl^rio de partículas carregadas. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi a determinação experimental do perfil de dose absorvida por uma amostra de alumínio, para várias energias de feixes de raios gama, de forma a obter uma relação entre a energia média do campo de radiação gama e a espessura de equilíbrio de partículas carregadas para o alumínio. Os dosímetros foram irradiados com radiação gama produzida pela captura de neutrons térmicos em 23 materiais alvos no arranjo experimental montado no canal tangencial do reator do IPEN-CNEN/SP. Na determinação da camada de equilíbrio de partículas carregadas, foi ajustada aos dados experimentais uma função semi-empirica que permitiu obter a espessura de ETPC (Equilíbrio Transitório de Partículas Carregadas) para cada espectro de radiação gama utilizado neste trabalho, com energia média variando no intervalo de 3,26 a 7,85 MeV. Os resultados experimentais do presente trabalho permitiram obter uma relação entre a energia média do campo de radiação gama e a espessura de ETPC, que apresenta uma excelente concordância com o alcance corrigido dos elétrons gerados naquela energia. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Bhabha scattering, the process of e⁺e⁻ → e⁺e⁻, has been studied at center-of-mass energies from 50 to 58 GeV with the AMY detector at the KEK e⁺e⁻ storage ring TRISTAN. The study is based on a data sample of 79.7 <i>pb⁻¹</i> integrated luminosity. The differential cross section of Bhabha scattering has been measured. The measured cross section is found to agree fairly well with the Standard Model of the electroweak theory. The measured cross section is also compared with various four-fermion contact interaction models, and confidence level lower limits on the composite scale, A, are determined. In addition, the limits on VV model are converted to SM-break-down scales, which indicate the validity of the SM down to the distance of order ~ 10⁻¹⁷ cm and the electron charge radius of ~ 10⁻¹⁶ cm. Attempts are made in searching for an additional boson Z'. No clear signal of the existence of a Z' boson is found up to energy of ~160 GeV/c². The effect of transverse beam polarization on Bhabha scattering is also studied. The ϕ dependence of Bhabha events are fitted to the QED prediction and found to agree with the theory. However, no quantitative conclusion on polarization effect can be drawn based on current data sample, which does not provide enough statistics. More data is being accumulated and further study should be carried out. / Ph. D.

The electron energy loss spectrometer at Virginia Tech has been modified with new momentum deflectors and various other hardware improvements. In addition to some hardware changes all the software to run the spectrometer and analyze the data has been rewritten. It was suggested by Tsuei (1990) that a nested Fermi surface could be used to explain both the fact that these materials have high superconducting transition temperatures and have linear relaxation rates. It was suggested in that same paper that EELS might be able to confirm the presence of Fermi surface nesting. We have attempted to use transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy in a novel way to search for evidence of Fermi surface nesting in the high T_c superconductor Bi₂Sr₂Ca₁Cu₂O₈. High quality single crystal samples were obtained and thinned for use in the EELS. Data was taken at low energy (<1.0eV) and momentum was scanned along three different momentum transfer directions for |q| =0.0 to 3.0Å⁻¹. The data was scaled to be Im(-1/ε). A calculation of Im(-1/ε) was performed using a tight binding model and it was found that the features associated with the Fermi surface (from this TB calculation) were too small to be seen in our spectra. We interpret this problem to be associated with the presence of thermal diffuse scattering. / Ph. D.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06125.pdf: 6631284 bytes, checksum: 0d7cb7ea79949cb8c3121b13b630793a (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Radiação gama com energias maiores que 1,25 MeV são usualmente encontradas em ambientes de reatores, aceleradores de partículas e campos de radiação de origem cósmica. Nestas energias, a resposta de um dosímetro varia fortemente com a espessura de material absorvedor, até atingir um valor máximo conhecido como espessura de equibl^rio de partículas carregadas. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi a determinação experimental do perfil de dose absorvida por uma amostra de alumínio, para várias energias de feixes de raios gama, de forma a obter uma relação entre a energia média do campo de radiação gama e a espessura de equilíbrio de partículas carregadas para o alumínio. Os dosímetros foram irradiados com radiação gama produzida pela captura de neutrons térmicos em 23 materiais alvos no arranjo experimental montado no canal tangencial do reator do IPEN-CNEN/SP. Na determinação da camada de equilíbrio de partículas carregadas, foi ajustada aos dados experimentais uma função semi-empirica que permitiu obter a espessura de ETPC (Equilíbrio Transitório de Partículas Carregadas) para cada espectro de radiação gama utilizado neste trabalho, com energia média variando no intervalo de 3,26 a 7,85 MeV. Os resultados experimentais do presente trabalho permitiram obter uma relação entre a energia média do campo de radiação gama e a espessura de ETPC, que apresenta uma excelente concordância com o alcance corrigido dos elétrons gerados naquela energia. / Gamma radiation with energies greater than 1.25 MeV are usually produced in reactor environments, particle accelerators and in cosmic radiation fields. For these energies, the response of a dosimeter heavily vary with the absorber material thickness, up to attain a maximum value named as charged particle equilibrium thickness. The main gol of this paper was the experimental determination of the absorbed dose profile in an aluminum sample for several energies of gamma ray beam, in order to obtain a relationship between the average energy of the gamma radiation field and the charged particle equilibrium thickness. The dosimeters were irradiated with gamma radiation produced by thermal neutron capture in 23 target materials in the experimental arrangement mounted at the tangential beam hole of the BPEN-CNEN/SP reactor. For the determination of the charged particle equilibrium thickness, it was fitted to the experimental data a semi-empirical fimction which allowed to obtain the thickness of CTPE ( Charged Particle Transient Equilibrium ) for each gamma radiation spectrum used in this work, with average energy varying in the interval from 3.26 to 7.85 MeV. The experimental results of the present paper allowed to obtain a relationship between average energy of the radiation field and the CTPE thickness, which presents an excellent agreement with the corrected range for electrons produced in that energy.

Radiação gama com energias maiores que 1,25 MeV são usualmente encontradas em ambientes de reatores, aceleradores de partículas e campos de radiação de origem cósmica. Nestas energias, a resposta de um dosímetro varia fortemente com a espessura de material absorvedor, até atingir um valor máximo conhecido como espessura de equibl^rio de partículas carregadas. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi a determinação experimental do perfil de dose absorvida por uma amostra de alumínio, para várias energias de feixes de raios gama, de forma a obter uma relação entre a energia média do campo de radiação gama e a espessura de equilíbrio de partículas carregadas para o alumínio. Os dosímetros foram irradiados com radiação gama produzida pela captura de neutrons térmicos em 23 materiais alvos no arranjo experimental montado no canal tangencial do reator do IPEN-CNEN/SP. Na determinação da camada de equilíbrio de partículas carregadas, foi ajustada aos dados experimentais uma função semi-empirica que permitiu obter a espessura de ETPC (Equilíbrio Transitório de Partículas Carregadas) para cada espectro de radiação gama utilizado neste trabalho, com energia média variando no intervalo de 3,26 a 7,85 MeV. Os resultados experimentais do presente trabalho permitiram obter uma relação entre a energia média do campo de radiação gama e a espessura de ETPC, que apresenta uma excelente concordância com o alcance corrigido dos elétrons gerados naquela energia. / Gamma radiation with energies greater than 1.25 MeV are usually produced in reactor environments, particle accelerators and in cosmic radiation fields. For these energies, the response of a dosimeter heavily vary with the absorber material thickness, up to attain a maximum value named as charged particle equilibrium thickness. The main gol of this paper was the experimental determination of the absorbed dose profile in an aluminum sample for several energies of gamma ray beam, in order to obtain a relationship between the average energy of the gamma radiation field and the charged particle equilibrium thickness. The dosimeters were irradiated with gamma radiation produced by thermal neutron capture in 23 target materials in the experimental arrangement mounted at the tangential beam hole of the BPEN-CNEN/SP reactor. For the determination of the charged particle equilibrium thickness, it was fitted to the experimental data a semi-empirical fimction which allowed to obtain the thickness of CTPE ( Charged Particle Transient Equilibrium ) for each gamma radiation spectrum used in this work, with average energy varying in the interval from 3.26 to 7.85 MeV. The experimental results of the present paper allowed to obtain a relationship between average energy of the radiation field and the CTPE thickness, which presents an excellent agreement with the corrected range for electrons produced in that energy.

Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, January 1965. / Thesis Advisor(s): Handle, Harry E. "January 1965." Description based on title screen as viewed on June 2, 2010 DTIC Descriptor(s): (Neutron Cross Sections, Thermal Neutrons), (Research Reactors, Reactor Feasibility Studies), Fast Neutrons, Gold, Radioactive Isotopes, Measurement, Perturbation Theory, Neutron Capture, Indium, Standards, Errors, Materials, Neutron Flux, Mathematical Analysis, Cadmium, Reactor Shielding Materials, Computer Programming, Foils (Materials), Reactor Control, Reactor Kinetics, Reactor Start Up Sources. DTIC Identifier(s): AGN-201 Reactors Includes bibliographical references (p. 32). Also available in print.