Orientador: João Cláudio Thoméo / Banca: José Teixeira Freire / Banca: Maria Aparecida Mauro / Resumo: O propósito deste trabalho foi obter parâmetros físicos e térmicos para simulação de reatores de leito fixo para fermentação em estado sólido (FES), empregando rejeitos sólidos agroindustriais como substratos e fungos como agentes fermentativos. Os materiais estudados foram bagaço de cana, resíduo agroindustrial comumente empregado na FES, e um meio composto por bagaços de cana e laranja e farelo de trigo na proporção 1:2:2 (p/p), substrato empregado para obtenção de enzimas pectinolíticas por FES. Foi determinada a condutividade térmica na estagnação (K0) pelo método da sonda linear. Observou-se que a condutividade era muito baixa para os recheios secos (inferior a 0,1 W/mºC), mas aumentava bruscamente para recheios muito úmidos (atingindo 0,5 W/mºC), o que foi atribuído à condução de calor através da água. Também foram determinados os parâmetros térmicos dos leitos percolados por ar com baixas vazões, típicas da FES. Os valores da condutividade térmica efetiva radial (Kr) obtidos foram muito baixos, tendendo ao valor da estagnação, e os valores do coeficiente convectivo de transferência de calor parede-fluido (hp) foram muito inferiores aos encontrados na literatura, devido às baixas vazões de ar. Foram desenvolvidos programas para aquisição de dados experimentais de temperatura por meio do software de interface gráfica LabView (National Instruments). Também foram desenvolvidos programas em MatLab para cálculo dos parâmetros térmicos dos sistemas, tanto para o modelo unidimensional (coeficiente global U) quanto para o bidimensional. Esses programas permitiram calcular os parâmetros térmicos imediatamente após aquisição dos dados do processo. Programas de simulação numérica foram desenvolvidos em MatLab para simular o crescimento do fungo termofílico Thermomucor indicae seudaticae N31 e o comportamento térmico do processo de FES... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of this work was to get physical and thermal parameters for simulation of reactors of fixed packed beds percolated by air for solid state fermentation (SSF), using agro- industrial solid residues as substrata and molds as fermentative agents. The materials studied were sugar cane bagasse, agro-industrial residue commonly used in SSF, and a medium composed by sugar cane and orange bagasses and wheat bran in ratio 1:2:2 (w/w), substratum used for pectinolitics enzymes attainment for SSF. The thermal conductivity on stagnation (K0) was determined by heating linear method. It was observed that the conductivity was very low for dried materials (below 0,1 W/mºC), but increased brusquely for very humid materials (reaching 0,5 W/mºC), what it was admitted to be due to conduction of heat through the water. Also the thermal parameters of the fixed packed beds percolated by air with low outflows, typical of SSF, had been determined. The values of the thermal conductivity radial effective (Kr) gotten had been very low, tending to the value of the stagnation, and the values of the convective coefficient of heat transfer wall-fluid (hp) had been very below to the found on literature, which had to the low air outflows. Programs for acquisition of experimental data of temperature by means of the software of graphical interface LabView had been developed (National Instruments). Also programs in MatLab for calculation of the thermal parameters of the systems had been developed, as much for the one-dimensional model (global coefficient U) how much for the two-dimensional. These programs had allowed calculating the thermal parameters immediately after acquisition of the data of the process. Programs of numerical simulation had been developed in MatLab to simulate the growth of thermopile mold Thermomucor indicae seudaticae N31 and the thermal behavior of the process of SSF lead by Umsza Guez... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar quais são os valores dos principais parâmetros que a literatura apresenta para o processo de forjamento a morno de precisão. Os parâmetros escolhidos são: curva de escoamento do SAE-1050M a frio e a quente, fator de atrito e o coeficiente de transferência de calor entre peça e ferramenta. Estipulou-se uma faixa de variação destes parâmetros, simulou o processo através do método dos elementos finitos com o uso do pacote MSC.Superform 2005 para os diferentes parâmetros e cruzou os resultados por meio do conceito de sensitividade. Os resultados cruzados são: força, trabalho, deformação e temperatura. Simulações são realizadas com variações dos parâmetros de entrada baseadas nos ensaios e levantamento bibliográficos. As respostas das simulações são adimensionalizadas com o uso do conceito de sensitividade, podendo assim, serem comparadas entre si. O fator de atrito e o coeficiente de transferência de calor entre peça e ferramenta não influenciam tanto na resposta como a curva de escoamento. / This work has as objective to investigate which values of key parameters are presented by the literature for the warm precision forging process. The chosen parameters are: hot and cold SAE-1050M flow stress curve, friction factor and heat transfer coefficient between workpiece and die. Stipulate a range of variation of these parameters, simulate the process through the finite elements method with the use of the package MSC.Superform 2005 with different parameters and cross the results with concept of sensitivity. The crossed results are: force, work, strain and temperature. Simulations are carried out with variations of the input parameters based on the bibliographical research and tests. The simulations output are nondimensionalised with the use of the sensitivity concept, thus being able, to be comparative between themselves. The friction factor and the heat transfer coefficient between workpiece and die do not influence as much as the flow stress curve.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar quais são os valores dos principais parâmetros que a literatura apresenta para o processo de forjamento a morno de precisão. Os parâmetros escolhidos são: curva de escoamento do SAE-1050M a frio e a quente, fator de atrito e o coeficiente de transferência de calor entre peça e ferramenta. Estipulou-se uma faixa de variação destes parâmetros, simulou o processo através do método dos elementos finitos com o uso do pacote MSC.Superform 2005 para os diferentes parâmetros e cruzou os resultados por meio do conceito de sensitividade. Os resultados cruzados são: força, trabalho, deformação e temperatura. Simulações são realizadas com variações dos parâmetros de entrada baseadas nos ensaios e levantamento bibliográficos. As respostas das simulações são adimensionalizadas com o uso do conceito de sensitividade, podendo assim, serem comparadas entre si. O fator de atrito e o coeficiente de transferência de calor entre peça e ferramenta não influenciam tanto na resposta como a curva de escoamento. / This work has as objective to investigate which values of key parameters are presented by the literature for the warm precision forging process. The chosen parameters are: hot and cold SAE-1050M flow stress curve, friction factor and heat transfer coefficient between workpiece and die. Stipulate a range of variation of these parameters, simulate the process through the finite elements method with the use of the package MSC.Superform 2005 with different parameters and cross the results with concept of sensitivity. The crossed results are: force, work, strain and temperature. Simulations are carried out with variations of the input parameters based on the bibliographical research and tests. The simulations output are nondimensionalised with the use of the sensitivity concept, thus being able, to be comparative between themselves. The friction factor and the heat transfer coefficient between workpiece and die do not influence as much as the flow stress curve.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:21:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 casciatori_fp_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf: 81692 bytes, checksum: 8909085df78fb65d202e35e91ecbb5b2 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-08-28T16:08:54Z: casciatori_fp_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-28T16:09:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000640118.pdf: 1821375 bytes, checksum: 2ac04413db80f0e987e207401ed80680 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O propósito deste trabalho foi obter parâmetros físicos e térmicos para simulação de reatores de leito fixo para fermentação em estado sólido (FES), empregando rejeitos sólidos agroindustriais como substratos e fungos como agentes fermentativos. Os materiais estudados foram bagaço de cana, resíduo agroindustrial comumente empregado na FES, e um meio composto por bagaços de cana e laranja e farelo de trigo na proporção 1:2:2 (p/p), substrato empregado para obtenção de enzimas pectinolíticas por FES. Foi determinada a condutividade térmica na estagnação (K0) pelo método da sonda linear. Observou-se que a condutividade era muito baixa para os recheios secos (inferior a 0,1 W/mºC), mas aumentava bruscamente para recheios muito úmidos (atingindo 0,5 W/mºC), o que foi atribuído à condução de calor através da água. Também foram determinados os parâmetros térmicos dos leitos percolados por ar com baixas vazões, típicas da FES. Os valores da condutividade térmica efetiva radial (Kr) obtidos foram muito baixos, tendendo ao valor da estagnação, e os valores do coeficiente convectivo de transferência de calor parede-fluido (hp) foram muito inferiores aos encontrados na literatura, devido às baixas vazões de ar. Foram desenvolvidos programas para aquisição de dados experimentais de temperatura por meio do software de interface gráfica LabView (National Instruments). Também foram desenvolvidos programas em MatLab para cálculo dos parâmetros térmicos dos sistemas, tanto para o modelo unidimensional (coeficiente global U) quanto para o bidimensional. Esses programas permitiram calcular os parâmetros térmicos imediatamente após aquisição dos dados do processo. Programas de simulação numérica foram desenvolvidos em MatLab para simular o crescimento do fungo termofílico Thermomucor indicae seudaticae N31 e o comportamento térmico do processo de FES... / The purpose of this work was to get physical and thermal parameters for simulation of reactors of fixed packed beds percolated by air for solid state fermentation (SSF), using agro- industrial solid residues as substrata and molds as fermentative agents. The materials studied were sugar cane bagasse, agro-industrial residue commonly used in SSF, and a medium composed by sugar cane and orange bagasses and wheat bran in ratio 1:2:2 (w/w), substratum used for pectinolitics enzymes attainment for SSF. The thermal conductivity on stagnation (K0) was determined by heating linear method. It was observed that the conductivity was very low for dried materials (below 0,1 W/mºC), but increased brusquely for very humid materials (reaching 0,5 W/mºC), what it was admitted to be due to conduction of heat through the water. Also the thermal parameters of the fixed packed beds percolated by air with low outflows, typical of SSF, had been determined. The values of the thermal conductivity radial effective (Kr) gotten had been very low, tending to the value of the stagnation, and the values of the convective coefficient of heat transfer wall-fluid (hp) had been very below to the found on literature, which had to the low air outflows. Programs for acquisition of experimental data of temperature by means of the software of graphical interface LabView had been developed (National Instruments). Also programs in MatLab for calculation of the thermal parameters of the systems had been developed, as much for the one-dimensional model (global coefficient U) how much for the two-dimensional. These programs had allowed calculating the thermal parameters immediately after acquisition of the data of the process. Programs of numerical simulation had been developed in MatLab to simulate the growth of thermopile mold Thermomucor indicae seudaticae N31 and the thermal behavior of the process of SSF lead by Umsza Guez... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar quais são os valores dos principais parâmetros que a literatura apresenta para o processo de forjamento a morno de precisão. Os parâmetros escolhidos são: curva de escoamento do SAE-1050M a frio e a quente, fator de atrito e o coeficiente de transferência de calor entre peça e ferramenta. Estipulou-se uma faixa de variação destes parâmetros, simulou o processo através do método dos elementos finitos com o uso do pacote MSC.Superform 2005 para os diferentes parâmetros e cruzou os resultados por meio do conceito de sensitividade. Os resultados cruzados são: força, trabalho, deformação e temperatura. Simulações são realizadas com variações dos parâmetros de entrada baseadas nos ensaios e levantamento bibliográficos. As respostas das simulações são adimensionalizadas com o uso do conceito de sensitividade, podendo assim, serem comparadas entre si. O fator de atrito e o coeficiente de transferência de calor entre peça e ferramenta não influenciam tanto na resposta como a curva de escoamento. / This work has as objective to investigate which values of key parameters are presented by the literature for the warm precision forging process. The chosen parameters are: hot and cold SAE-1050M flow stress curve, friction factor and heat transfer coefficient between workpiece and die. Stipulate a range of variation of these parameters, simulate the process through the finite elements method with the use of the package MSC.Superform 2005 with different parameters and cross the results with concept of sensitivity. The crossed results are: force, work, strain and temperature. Simulations are carried out with variations of the input parameters based on the bibliographical research and tests. The simulations output are nondimensionalised with the use of the sensitivity concept, thus being able, to be comparative between themselves. The friction factor and the heat transfer coefficient between workpiece and die do not influence as much as the flow stress curve.

Les géostructures énergétiques sont des ouvrages de génie civil qui intègrent un circuit de fluide caloporteur. Dans cette étude l’installation de circuits géothermiques dans des remblais est envisagé afin d’injecter ou d’extraire de la chaleur. Lors de la construction de ces remblais, deux paramètres sont à contrôler : la teneur en eau w (%) et la masse volumique sèche rd (Mg/m3). Ces deux paramètres ainsi que la nature du sol, le chargement appliqué et la variation cyclique de la température pourraient influencer la capacité de stockage et la stabilité du système. Après une partie synthétisant l’état de l’art sur ces thématiques, cette thèse comprend une partie expérimentale puis une partie numérique appliquée à un cas test de stockage. Dans la partie expérimentale, l’influence de la variation de température induite par l’échange thermique sur les propriétés thermiques et mécaniques du sol est étudiée. Pour cela des essais sont réalisés en laboratoire sur un limon du bassin parisien compacté et soumis à une gamme de variation de température de 20° à 50°C. Les effets de ces variations sur les paramètres mécaniques et les paramètres thermiques sont mesurés. Les résultats obtenus montrent une évolution des paramètres thermiques du matériau du côté sec de la courbe de compactage, particulièrement visible pour les températures importantes. La réversibilité de l’effet du chauffage est obtenue après plusieurs cycles de chauffage-refroidissement. Les propriétés mécaniques mesurées sont la résistance à la compression simple et les paramètres pressiométriques. Pour cela, des essais en laboratoire, à l’échelle métrique, sont réalisés. Un ramollissement du sol sous l’effet du chauffage et une rigidification sous l’effet des cycles thermiques sont constatés. Pour optimiser le système du stockage, une modélisation thermo-hydrique d’un remblai modèle réalisé avec le limon de Plaisir compacté légèrement du côté humide de l’optimum Proctor est effectuée. La comparaison des cas tests a permis de déterminer l’entraxe qui minimise l’interaction entre les sondes thermiques, ainsi que la distance optimale entre les dernières sondes et le pied de remblai. Les scenarii d’injection/extraction étudiés ont montré que le stockage de chaleur dans le remblai est faisable en choisissant un programme thermique adéquat pour l’exploitation du stockage. La mise en place de plusieurs lits de sondes thermiques et d’une isolation thermique sur la partie supérieure du remblai de stockage permet d’augmenter la capacité du remblai à accumuler de la chaleur dans le noyau à la fin de la période de relaxation. La simulation de ce scénario sur 10 ans avec la prise en compte des cycles de température, montre un réchauffement du remblai sur plusieurs années jusqu’à atteindre une évolution équilibrée au bout de la 7 ème année. Arrivé à cet état d’équilibre, l’évolution des températures est reproductible d’une année sur l’autre / Energy geostructures are civil engineering structures equipped with energy exchanger elements in order to store heat seasonally. The aim of this study is the use of compacted soil to store energy through installation of horizontal exchangers in an embankment. During the soil compaction, two parameters were controlled: the water content w and the dry density ρd. This parameters as well as the soil nature, the mechanical load path and the cyclic temperature variation may affect the storage capacity and the system stability. This work includes an experimental part and a modeling part. In the experimental part, the impact of the temperature variation is studied on the thermal and mechanical properties of the compacted soil. The Plaisir loam (PL) extracted from the Paris region was investigated through laboratory tests at a temperatures range of 20 to 50°C. The results showed that the thermal properties of the compacted soils increased on the dry side of the compaction curve. This evolution was clearly confirmed for higher temperatures. The application of cyclic temperature variations showed reversible evolutions in the thermal properties after one cycle. The results of unconfined compressive tests and pressuremeter tests showed that heating induces a softening of the material whereas several temperature cycles induce a stiffening of the material. Thereafter, a coupled thermo-hydraulic modeling of an embankment made of the compacted Plaisir loam is performed in order to optimize the storage system. The comparison of different modelling results, fixed the temperature sensors spacing that minimizes the interactions between them, and the optimal distance between the last sensors and the bottom of the slope. It is shown that if an appropriate thermal program is chosen, the heat storage in the embankment could be possible. A better efficiency of the storage capacity can be reached by introducing 3 temperature sensors rows in the storage and by covering the storage with a thermal insulation. The simulation of this scenario over 10 years including temperature cycles shows a heating of the embankment for several years, until to reach an equilibrium state after the 7th year

Les machines électriques jouent un rôle très important dans la conversion d'énergie dans plusieurs applications et domaines. Les contraintes thermiques jouent ainsi un rôle indispensable dans la conception des machines électriques de plus en plus petites et performantes. En effet, la performance des machines électriques est limitée par les températures maximales admissibles dans certaines zones critiques telles que le bobinage, les aimants permanents et les roulements. Deux approches principales peuvent être utilisées pour étudier le comportement thermique de la machine: la méthode nodale ou le circuit à constantes localisées ou les modèles numériques. Dans notre étude, nous proposons d'appliquer la méthode nodale sur une machine électrique intégrée dans un environnement mécatronique complexe. Le modèle thermique développé de la machine est ainsi présenté avec ses différents éléments. En effet, un modèle précis dépend fortement de plusieurs paramètres thermiques tels que les coefficients d'échange convectif, les conductances de contact, les conductivités équivalentes du bobinage, et autres paramètres. En conséquence, des techniques d'analyse de sensibilité sont ensuite appliquées sur le modèle thermique pour identifier les paramètres d'influence significative sur les températures de la machine ainsi que pour la réduction de ce modèle. Ensuite, nous appliquons deux méthodologies d'identification des paramètres thermiques incertains sont développées et appliquées afin de recaler le modèle thermique de la machine. Cette étape permet la validation de ce modèle par rapport à des mesures thermiques sur une machine synchrone à aimants permanents internes installée sur un banc de caractérisation de machine électriques. Finalement, nous intégrons le modèle recalé dans une approche système mécatronique comportant les lois de commande de la machine ainsi que son convertisseur. Ceci permettra ainsi d'étudier l'influence de la température d'une machine électrique sur le système mécatronique complet. / Electric machines play an important role in power conversion in several applications and fields. With the increasing demand for designing lighter and more efficient machines and optimizing the existing structures, thermal analysis becomes a necessary; in fact, the performance of electric machines islimited by the allowable temperatures in many critical components like windings, permanent magnetsand bearings. Two main approaches can be employed in order to study the machine thermal behavior : the lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) or numerical models. Considering low-computationtime-consuming and the possibility to be integrated in a mechatronics system design, the LPTN method is considered in our study. The latter is mainly applied on electric machine integrated in a complex mechatronics environment. The thermal network is presented along with the definition of the principal elements constituting this network. In fact, an accurate and reliable network strongly depends on many critical parameters like heat transfer coefficients, interface gaps, impregnation goodness, among others. For this reason, different sensitivity analysis techniques are carried out in order to, first, identify the significance of uncertainties in the evaluation of these parameters on machine temperatures and second, to reduce the thermal network. Next, we propose two optimization algorithm-based identification methodologies in order to calibrate results of the thermal network with measured temperatures obtained from a test-bench of a permanent magnet based integrated starter-generator machine. The calibrated model is then integrated in a mechatronics system consisting of an electric model of the electric machine, along with its control strategy and the power converter. This final study allows us to evaluate the impact of the machine temperature rise on the mechatronic system.