This dissertation focuses on the role of non-governmental organisations in provision of health care services in KwaZulu-Natal. The study had three objectives which were: - identify the role of non-governmental organisations in the provision of health in KwaZulu-Natal. - describe mechanisms for enhancing collaboration between the government and non-government organisations. - investigate mechanisms for redistribution of resources from the public and private sectors to the non-government organisations. The Nationalist Party government, supported by its apartheid policies created imbalances in the provision of services in South Africa. Generally speaking, inequity in all spheres of life was visible between the white population which was the minority and their counterparts, the blacks which were the majority. Health care services were fragmented and divided in racial lines. The whites who were predominantly located in urban areas had access to curative health care which was affordable to them. The blacks were located in rural areas which were referred to as homelands. The health services were minimal and in most places they were unavailable. Curative facilities provided by hospitals and clinics were situated long distances from where the majority of the population could find them. Transport facilities like roads were not well developed, ambulances and health care workers were not available. Health care facilities was inadequate in these areas. The health care provided by the apartheid government was inadequate and structures which were outside the government known as non-government organisations were formed. These NGOs acted as the first line of health defence to the marginalised sectors of the South African communities. Non-governmental organisations were also functioning in the province of KwaZulu-Natal and some were comprehensive in approach and did not provide only health services but also training and education, housing, social services and other development activities. The role of these non-governmental organisations involved the following:- improving health in the most remote and disadvantaged communities, for example, informal settlements, rural and the ultra poor areas. - providing integrated and comprehensive services, for example, employment generating projects, education and training and housing. - unifying the different racial groups and breaking down prejudices and assumptions with regard to race and gender. Although non-governmental organisations operated in South Africa, there was always confrontation between the government structures and NGOs, particularly those which were actively involved in the upliftment of the lives of the previously disadvantaged communities, namely the blacks. These non-governmental organisations provided these services under a variety of unpleasant conditions, characterised by assassinations, tortures and imprisonment. These NGOs were banned by the government and others operated under restrictive and authoritarian government policies. The recent political changes which took place in South Africa - the unbanning of political organisations like the African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress highlighted the need for transformation in all aspects of life. In 1994 a democratic government which was ANC-Ied was legitimately elected. The government of national unity was committed to the upliftment of the lives of all South Africans, particularly the provision of health care for all. People were extremely optimistic when the new government (GNU) came into power. The role of non-government organisations was theoretically non-existence and minimal as the government was aiming at providing health care services to the previously disadvantaged communities. Foreign donors and funders redirected their financial assistance to the government and the funding was between government to government. The personnel from non-governmental organisations was recruited to business and government sectors which also challenged NGOs to replace these dedicated and committed people. The funding problem has become a major challenge to non-governmental organisations and most of them have been forced to shut down. The political transformation has challenged non-government organisations to reposition themselves and work with government in the upliftment of the lives of all South Africans. The government of national unity is committed to the provision of equitable, preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative services at all community levels, particularly the previously disadvantaged. The researcher has identified two non-governmental organisations as a case study and these NGOs are providing health care services in KwaZulu-Natal. The NGOs are the Health Systems Trust and the Valley Trust. In addition to these two NGOs literature which was relevant to this study was also reviewed. The researcher reached the following conclusions after the findings of the study were analysed: - Non-governmental organisations have played an important role in the past in the upliftment of the lives of South Africans. - Resources have been inequitable been distributed and there is a need to redistribute these resources equally. - South Africa is faced with health problems which needs all stakeholders to be involve in order to eradicate ill-health. The study offers a number of recommendations based from the conclusions which can be generalised to non-governmental organisations providing health services. / Thesis (M.Admin)-University of Durban-Westville, 1999.

The colleges of education have been the forgotten educational sector in South Africa. At the time of Union, the colleges were belatedly appended to the Education Departments for administrative purposes and they have remained associated with the school sector ever since. In order to aspire to tertiary status, some colleges have linked with universities, in addition to their links with the Education Departments. Although there have been decided advantages in these arrangements, it has also meant that the colleges have never established a raison d'etre in right. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Durban-Westville, 1992

This study utilises a multi-conceptual framework to critically and comparatively examine central issues and concerns relating to women in management generally and more specifically in the public and private sectors. The case studies of the banking and education sectors in the Durban area form the focus of this effort. Specifically, the main aspects of the primary research undertaken pertain to: perceptions of employees (both at management and non-managerial staff levels) in the banking and education sectors towards women in management; an appraisal from a management perspective, of existing policies and programmes aimed at eliminating gender discriminatory practices within the private and the public sectors; an examination of the impact that gender equity practices has on human resource planning, especially at the management level, in the private and public sectors; and an assessment of training and support programmes in place to assist women managers. Questionnaire surveys were undertaken with 50 female managers from each sector, 25 male managers from each sector and 25 non-managerial staff from each sector. Therefore, in total 200 interviews were conducted. Additionally, participatory focus group discussions were conducted with groups of both female and male managers and non-managers. The study reveals that women form an integral part of human resources in the banking and education sectors. For several decades women have entered jobs in these sectors and many women have moved up to managerial levels. However, most of these positions remain at lower and middle-management levels. Additionally, there are several problems that women in management experience. The main conclusion is that there are no notable and significant differences between women in management in the public and private sectors. This reinforces ILO's (1998) position that the challenges faced by women in management are ongoing and widespread. Problems facing women in management are complex and multidimensional. There are numerous factors that contribute to existing trends and explain the poor participation and performance of women in leadership positions. No single strategy or initiative can address the challenges faced by women in management and increase women's presence in leadership positions in both the public and private sectors. It is therefore imperative that issues pertaining to women in management be addressed from a range of perspectives: policy aspects, raising awareness of key considerations, improving skills and competencies of women (especially creating conditions and opportunities for development and capacity building), changing institutional and corporate structures and procedures as well as changing attitudes of men and women towards women in management and leadership positions. In essence, it is necessary to create a more enabling, women-friendly environment. / Thesis (PhD)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

South Africa's negotiated settlement and its transition to a democratically elected government has often been referred to as a small miracle. Despite that, the country faces major governance challenges, ie. it has to embark on a comprehensive governance programme. The main aim of this study is to discuss and review the state of governance in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. The concept of governance has a broader relevance than the narrow and traditional term of government. The latter refers conventionally to the actions of a narrow set of government institutions. On the other hand, however, governance encompasses a wider range of issues and actors and the interactions among them. The interest in and importance of governance has followed a longer interest in the concept of civil society. With the advent of democracy, the South African government, together with its nine provincial administrations, has committed itself to maintaining and working with civil society structures. The design and implementation of public sector projects increasingly reflect : a partnership approach between government at all levels, the private sector and civil society. One aspect of governance in South Africa, which this study has also paid some attention to, is what is called good governance. One hallmark of the new Constitution is that a decentralised political system has been created which allows opportunities for wider consultation and participation by civil society, public sector, and the private sector in promoting good governance. This research is motivated by theoretical and practical concerns. It has attempted to cast light on governance issues of KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Authority by identifying some important and common dynamics of governance processes within this province. Further it has attempted to show how general principles of good governance can guide legislators, public officials, the private sector and civil society as they continue to grapple with governance challenges. The study has revealed that essentially there are four suggested properties of governance: Firstly, it is the degree of trust that exists between classes, clans and political elites about the nature, purpose and the rules of sociopolitical interactions and practices. Without trust, individuals and organised interest groups will see no reason to actively engage in public life. The second element is the extent to which there are effective relations of reciprocity in the public realm. Reciprocity exists if associations and parties are allowed to form, to defend and promote stakeholder interests within the public realm via political competition, pressure, negotiations and conflict resolution. The third element is the degree of accountability, i.e. whether the governors can be held accountable by the governed via institutionalised procedures and processes. This cannot be sustained over time without the eventual implementation of structures of accountability and trust across society. Fourthly, the nature of authority, i.e. how political leaders make policies and implement them in a way that resolves the problems of ordinary citizens and promotes the legitimacy of the public realm - what many in South Africa refer to as the capacity to govern. The conclusion drawn from this study is that if a government wants to promote and practise good governance, it must try to involve all stakeholders, namely civil society, public officials and the business sector, when making decisions concerning the delivery of services. This requires consultation with these stakeholders or their representatives. Leaders in politics, government institutions, private sector and civil society should announce good governance as the only option. Given that governance involves a number of new challenges for everyone, the researcher examined how each segment can contribute to the practice of good governance in the province. The study has identified the quest for good governance as the most formidable challenge, not only facing the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Authority, but also the country as a whole. All concerned are urged to find ways and means of reversing the trend towards declining governability and institutional decay. In the final analysis the following recommendations were made: • Good governance must result in better delivery of services; • Good governance programmes must change society for the better; • To promote good governance, the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Authority must consistently implement growth-oriented and market-friendly economic policies; • Legislators must ensure that there are mechanisms for enforcing accountability and transparency; and • Government must encourage citizen participation, and governance must be undertaken to improve the general welfare of a society. / Thesis (DPA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2005.

This study focuses on globalisation and its impact on the governance of local authorities, with particular reference to the eThekwini Municipality. The research is topical and relevant to the times. Currently, local government and administration in South Africa is undergoing restructuring and transformation in accordance with key national policies and recent legislative mandates. The restructuring of local government has been driven by the process of democratization and re-distribution. This drive has changed local government boundaries, introduced new structures and systems and re-orientated planning and the general environment. This phase in the transformation represents a fresh and final opportunity for local government to transform itself in a manner that will achieve sustainable and a developmental local government that will improve the quality of life of all South Africans economically, politically, socially, culturally and technologically. New conceptual frameworks, and new ways of dealing with problems and challenges have been introduced and the process of giving effect to the changes is bound to continue for some time into the foreseeable future. As South Africa confronts critical domestic challenges of economic growth and job creation, meeting basic needs, alleviating poverty, developing its people and ensuring a safe and secure environment, it continues to deliberate in international forums such as Southern African Development Community (SADC) and New Partnership on Africa's Development (NEPAD), and perform other global responsibilities. Globalisation is commonly portrayed as a multi-faceted phenomenon with trends in trade, technology, international capital movements and multi-national organizations all moving towards the creation of a new autonomous and homogenous global economic realm. In simple terms it demands that trends being developed by Local xvm Government keep abreast of what is happening in other countries throughout the World. Globalisation has brought into sharp focus the rapidly evolving functions of "regionalisation" in the World. The ease with which goods, services and finances are sourced has impacted on how the world operates. On a negative level, it has resulted in growing inequalities and polarization between more localities and regions that are able to engage and compete within the global economy and those who are unable to. Within the current political framework in South Africa's core principles, basic systems, and procedures are designed to encourage and facilitate community participation and strengthen local governance, management and development. This would allow for progressive steps towards social and economic upliftment of communities as envisaged in the White Paper on Local Government. Good governance and democracy are essential to ensure maximum participation and ownership of the decision making process at the local level. Moreover, key pillars of the strategy at the eThekwini Municipality are meeting basic needs, strengthening the economy and building skills and improving technology. In local government the emergence of a uniquely South African organization and leadership culture that recognizes the values and skills inherent in our cultural diversity is fundamental in sustaining the trends of globalisation. This holistic differences in approach should be viewed as a unique competitive advantage that improves the quality of decisionmaking. This study recognizes that South Africa needs to participate positively within the global community as a key player while addressing a multitude of domestic challenges. The study was conceptualized within a framework of globalisation and its fit into the paradigm of local governance. It also focuses on the traditional, innovative and global xix approaches to public administration and focuses on the impact and relevance to globalisation. The positive and negative implications of globalisation are highlighted and recommendations are made on the basis that South Africa and more particularly the eThekwini Municipality cannot ignore globalisation. Globalisation is here to stay and South Africa must plat its role within the global context. The study attempts to bridge the gap between theory and practice of globalisation. As South Africa deliberates within the African Union and embarks on the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) while confronting domestic challenges, it also has to perform global responsibilities. The research instruments and techniques used in this study consisted of theoretical search, empirical survey and data interpretation. The empirical survey captures the understanding of globalisation, responses within the core themes of each hypotheses, overall objectives and relationship between core themes. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used. The study proposes and makes valuable recommendations for globalisation and its impact on the governance of local authorities. For the eThekwini Municipality to conform to these domestic and global trends the following recommendations should be considered: • Embrace globalisation as a fact and view it as a challenge for Africa. • Develop effective public-private partnerships, which will sustain the impact of local governance. • Enhance information technology, knowledge, skills and competencies. • Develop regional agreements for local and global cities. • Provide training to improve capacities to contribute towards organizational effectiveness. • To make the global economy more sustainable and inclusive in the developing countries. xx • Develop local leadership to meet the globalisation challenge. • Institute structural and institutional adjustment for developmental local government. • The eThekwini Municipality must emulate best practices of global cities. • Establish globalisation committee to keep abreast of the globalisation issues. • Use cultural diversity to improve the quality of decision-making. • Although the eThekwini has a generally well-developed infrastructural system, it is largely concentrated within the urban core and its principal development corridors. This system needs to be extended, maintained and upgraded if the core and periphery areas of eThekwini are to become integrated, support internationally competitive partners and attract new alliances. • Twinning of cities is an important measure to monitor global trends and alliances. • Further research and studies into the trends and influences of globalisation as applied with local authorities needs to be undertaken. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2004.

Decentralisation has not only transformed the structure of government but has also fundamentally altered the political landscape in Uganda. Since 1986, the country has witnessed a gradual but comprehensive transfer of power, responsibilities and resources from the centre to local governments. The exercise began as a shift from appointed to elected councillors and leaders, initially of resistance committees, and then later of local councils that have been formed in rural areas and urban wards as vehicles for local government and popular participation. Decentralisation has also appeared in the form of devolution of major functional responsibilities such as primary education, health, water and sanitation, and rural feeder roads from the centre to local governments. Indeed scholars and planners who subscribe to the ideology of centrifugalism as a prominent management and planning discourse have seen this level of decentralization as a fundamental point of departure towards institutionalization of a level of reform which seeks to transfer political, administrative, financial and planning authority from the centre to local governments. Many have also seen it as the right direction towards the promotion of popular participation, empowering local people to make their own decisions and generally enhancing the levels of accountability and responsibility within the local communities. Nevertheless the process of decentralisation has not entirely been a bed of roses. Despite the existence of abundant goodwill on the part of the national political leadership, lack of civic competence, apathy, disillusionment and fatigue are some of the debilitating factors that have combined to render citizen participation generally unattainable. Moreover, because decentralisation has tended to be a top-down approach, participation has largely been seen as a government obligation rather than as a people-driven process. Lack of both financial and human resources have compounded the situation. Districts have consistently lacked sufficient financial resources to run decentralised functions because of a tax base, which is so narrow that revenue to districts is basically limited to graduated personal tax and grants from the Central Government. Inspite of the existence of the above shortcomings, democratic decentralisation remains the only viable answer in the quest for good _governance, active local government and an empowered local population. This study analyses the process of devolution in Uganda with the aim of identifying the underlying constraints that continue to impinge on it, and proposing ways and means of ameliorating them. Using Hoima district local _government as a case study and results from the national service delivery survey conducted by the Uganda Ministry of Public Service in the year 2000, the study highlights most of these constraints, prominent among which are poor service delivery, lack of community participation, inadequate financial and human resources, a narrow local tax base, a weak civil society, and underscores the need to ameliorate them if devolution is to attain the anticipated results. The first part of the study examines some of the theories, concepts and views that underpin the policy of decentralisation and sets the pace for its contextualisation. The second part looks at the deeper process of decentralisation by analyzing the structures and institutionalization of local government in Uganda and highlighting critical issues that are pertinent in local government management and development. The study argues that while enormous goodwill exists on the part of the national political leadership, devolution in Uganda and local government development generally are still beset by a range of factors that include weaknesses within the institutional structures mandated to actualize the policy. Centric tendencies are still pervasive with the unfortunate results of stalling the pace of transformation especially in the financial sector. The third part dwells on the research methodology used, the nature and extent-of data collected, the sampling techniques applied and how these affected the outcome of the study. This part also highilg!lts the findings of the study, which are discussed and the-causative factors analyzed. The fourth and last part focuses mainly on recommendations arising out of the conclusions, with particular emphasis on key areas that require urgent action. It also identifies areas for further research and suggests how such research would assist in expanding the scope and understanding of the subject under study. This study cautions against the tendency to .romanticise devolution as the new-found solution for past and current institutional and socio-economic distortions and argues that devolution itself can make state institutions more responsive to the needs of the communities, but only if it allows local people to hold public servants accountable and ensures their participation in the development process. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2004.

No abstract available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1996.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Admin.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1992.

No abstract available. / Thesis (MPA)-University of Durban-Westville, 1995.

This study was concerned with the analysis of the JEA using the generic view of public administration. It comprised of the study of reading material on the JEA, Kwa-Zulu Natal Indaba, Buthelezi Commission, NPA and Kwa-Zulu, and interviews held with public officials of JEA, NPA and Kwa-Zulu. The results revealed that JEA is not a usual regional administration with identified land of its own, However , in its unique position of being a part of two separate regional administrations, it is a fully fledged public institution endowed with all activities of public administration, namely: functional activities, generic administrative processes, auxiliary functions, and intra-generical phenomena. Most of all, the study revealed that in its unique position, JEA is a second phase in a process where the third and last phase is a strong single regional administration in Region E. To pave the way for this final phase the recommendations urge the JEA: * to broaden the Ministers' Forum to include three "own affairs" Ministers who , if still existing, will be affected by the move to a strong single administration in this region; to be pro-active in bringing closer liaison rendering similar functions among in the region * to include research into a Future strong single regional administration as one of the JEA goals; * to gear the secretariat to the Ministers' Forum to undertake this research ; * to finance the research From the Joint Revenue Fund or to approach both the Republic and Treasury and Kwa -Zulu Treasury to authorise over-spending on research ; and * in filling the remaining vacant: posts, to consider public officials knowledgeabIe in research work * to streamline existing procedures of different regional administrations in order to determine uniform procedures best suited for a strong single regional administration of the future in Region E. / Thesis (MPA)-University of Durban-Westville, Durban, 1993.