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Exploring the experiences of mothers on their daily occupations while having a child on the spectrum of autismLaminette, Elana 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MOccTher)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Prior to the commencement of this study, an abundance of information on the topic of autism spectrum
disorders and its symptoms, its prevalence and the effect on the family’s psychosocial- and emotional wellbeing
were available. However, studies to describe the impact of a child with autism spectrum disorder on the
occupations of families were limited, especially within the South-African context, and the researcher could find
no information describing the impact of such a child specifically relating to the daily occupations of their
mothers. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to explore how mothers with children on
the spectrum of autism experience the impact of the child on their own daily occupations, and the meaning
they derive from these experiences.
Purposive sampling was used in selecting eleven mothers whose children attended therapeutic and medical
follow up at one of the tertiary public hospitals in the Western Cape. In-depth semi-structured interviews
following an interview guideline were conducted with each of the participants. The interviews were audio
taped, and thereafter transcribed verbatim. A process of open coding was used to analyze the transcribed
interviews. The findings emerging from the data-analysis process, uncovered three themes, namely
‘mothering as an identity’, mothering as an occupation’, and ‘making sense and moving forward’. These
themes emphasized the immense changes the mothers had to face with regards to their occupational
engagement, as well as on a personal level due their children’s diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. It also
brought to light the factors influencing the experiences and actions of mothers, shaping their mothering
identities, as well as their needs and barriers in terms of successful participation in their everyday occupations.
The study reported on the occupational risk factors these mothers face, as well as the enabling elements with
regards to successful and meaningful occupational engagement.
Occupational therapists working with children should be especially conscious of the inseparable relationship
between the occupations of the child they are treating, and the occupations of the primary caregiver when
implementing therapy programs. Only through ensuring the successful and meaningful participation in
occupations of both the mother and the child, the occupational therapist will be able to improve the health and
well-being in the one or the other. Careful selection and collaborative goal setting when planning therapy
programs are therefore essential. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskeie studies het in die verlede rapporteer oor die diagnose, simptome en prevalensie van outisme
spektrum steurnisse. Studies wat die impak van hierdie toestand op die emosionele en psigo-sosiale welstand
van families ondersoek het, was ook volop. Beperkte inligting, veral binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, was
egter beskikbaar om die impak van ‘n kind op die spektrum van outisme op families se deelname in
alledaagse aktiwiteite te ondersoek. Met die aanvang van hierdie studie, kon die navorser geen inligting vind
wat spesifiek na die impak van ‘n kind met outisme op hulle moeder se deelname in alledaagse aktiwiteite
ondersoek ingestel het nie. Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie het gebruik gemaak van ‘n phenomelogiese
benadering om die ervarings van moeders, met ‘n kind op die spektrum van outisme, te ondersoek rakende
die impak van hierdie kind op die deelname van hulle eie alledaagse aktiwiteite, asook die betekenis wat die
moeders aan hierdie ervarings kon heg.
Doelgerigte steekproeftrekking is gebruik in die seleksie van elf moeders wie se kinders terapeuties en medies
opgevolg word by ‘n tersiêre publieke hospital in die Wes-Kaap. In-diepte, semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude
is gevoer met elk van die deelnemers aan die hand van ‘n onderhoud riglyn. Die onderhoude is op band
opgeneem, waarna dit verbatim getranskribeer is. ‘n Proses van oop kodering is gebruik om die
getranskribeerde onderhoude te analiseer. Die resultate wat verkry is gedurende die data-analise proses, het
die volgende temas uitgelig, naamlik ‘moederskap as indentiteit’, ‘moederskap as beroep’, en ‘om sin maak en
aan te beweeg’. Hierdie temas het die geweldige veranderinge vir die moeders in terme van deelname aan
hulle alledaagse aktiwiteite, sowel as op persoonlike vlak, beklemtoon. Die faktore wat die deelnemers se
ervarings en aksies, en dus hulle identiteit as moeders beïnvloed het, was ook geïdentifiseer. Die resultate
het ook die struikelblokke en behoeftes van hierdie moeders in terme van suksesvolle deelname aan hulle
alledaagse aktiwiteite, aangedui. Die studie het die risiko faktore, sowel as die elemente wat benodig word vir
suksesvolle deelname aan alledaagse aktiwiteite, uitgelig.
Arbeidsterapeute werksaam in die veld van pediatrie, behoort bewus te wees van die onafskeidbare
verhouding tussen die deelname aan alledaagse aktiwiteite van die kind wat hulle behandel, en dié van die
primêre versorger. Slegs wanneer suksesvolle deelname aan aktiwiteite deur beide die kind én die moeder
verseker word, kan die welstand en gesondheid in die een of die ander bevorder word. Die seleksie van
terapie doelwitte in samewerking met die familie en primêre versorger, is dus kardinaal.
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South African parents' perceptions and experiences of occupational therapy using a sensory integrative approach (OT/SI)Geral, Jacintha 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MOccTher)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As a South African occupational therapist (OT) trained to provide occupational therapy using a
sensory integration approach (OT/SI), to children and their families, I have personal experience of
different parent perceptions and experiences regarding OT/SI as a treatment approach to
improving their children’s occupational performance. This made me question the various factors
that may influence a parent’s perceptions and experiences, and how these factors may ultimately
influence the outcome of OT/SI intervention for the child and family. Additionally, I wanted to
know what OT/SI intervention was like for parents of a child with difficulties processing and
integrating sensory information and what changes should be made to ensure we are meeting both
child and parents’ needs.
To date, no research exists regarding parents’ perceptions and experiences of OT/SI intervention
in South Africa. Despite this, OT/SI intervention is widely used among South African paediatric
occupational therapists. This study focused on the lived experience of OT/SI intervention for
parents in the Western Cape, South Africa.
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe South African parents’ perceptions and
experiences of OT/SI intervention received. This study not only sought to explore whether parents
thought OT/SI intervention was valuable or not, but also to understand the meaning, the broader
context and the process by which parent’s opinions had come into being, and how these may have
influenced the meaning ascribed to the intervention.
The study sample consisted of nine parents, including mothers and a father, of children with
difficulties processing and integrating sensory information, who lived in various regions of the
Western Cape, South Africa. Purposive sampling was used to select participants in this study.
Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, data was collected during face=to=face
interviews, participant observation and researcher’s field notes.
Four themes that pertain to the aims of the study were revealed during the analysis. They
included: “It was tough because we didn’t understand”, “Just suddenly everything made so much sense”, “Mobilized my child into the world”, and “OT/SI intervention facilitators proposed by
participants”.
These themes describe the progression of the participant’s perceptions and experiences before
OT/SI intervention, during intervention, and after having received the intervention, as well as the
recommendations they proposed to facilitate OT/SI intervention in South Africa. I found that
factors such as poor awareness and understanding of OT/SI intervention amongst the participants
negatively influenced their understanding of their child’s occupational performance, their role as
parents and their social performance as a family in various social contexts. Key points of
transformation were identified during the ‘input phase’ of OT/SI intervention, which either
facilitated or created a barrier in the participants’ shift to the ‘after phase’ of OT/SI intervention.
Despite the barriers, all participants perceived and experienced a shift to the ‘after phase’ of OT/SI
intervention. For some participants, this shift included changes they perceived in their child,
which influenced social performance of the child and family. However, for the majority of
participants, this shift meant a number of factors: a better understanding and expectations of
their child; changes in their child’s abilities, activities and self=worth; changes in themselves as
parents and how this influenced their parent=child relationship; as well as changes in their child’s
and family’s social performance in various contexts.
Insight gained from the participants’ recommendations and my interpretation of findings, allowed
recommendations to be made in an attempt to overcome the barriers and promote the facilitators
that will make a difference to OT/SI intervention in South Africa. Recommendations were made
within two contexts: the broader social context of South Africa and the context of OT/SI
intervention received by children and their parents. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As ‘n Suid=Afrikaanse arbeidsterapeut (AT), opgelei om arbeidsterapie met ‘n sensoriese integrasie
benadering (AT=SI) te verskaf aan kinders en hul families, het ek persoonlike ondervinding van
verskeie ouers se persepsies en ervarings omtrent AT=SI as ‘n behandelingsbenadering om die kind
se arbeidsprestasie te bevorder. Dit het my laat wonder watter faktore die ouer se persepsies en
ervarings sou beïnvloed, asook hoe hierdie faktore die uitkoms van die AT=SI behandeling vir die
kind en die familie sou beïnvloed. Ek wou ook uitvind hoe die ouer van ‘n kind met SIA (SID), AT=SI
intervensie beleef het en watter veranderinge behoort aangebring te word om te verseker dat
beide die kind en die ouers se behoeftes nagekom word.
Tot dusver bestaan daar geen navorsing aangaande die ouer se persepsies en ervarings van AT=SI
intervensie in Suid=Afrika nie. Ten spyte hiervan word AT=SI alom gebruik deur pediatriese
arbeidsterapeute in Suid=Afrika. Hierdie studie fokus dus op ouers se persoonlike ervaring van AT=
SI intervensie in die Wes=Kaap, Suid=Afrika.
Die doel van hierdie studie was om die persepsies en ervarings van Suid=Afrikaanse ouers wat AT=
SI intervensie ontvang het, te ondersoek. Hierdie studie het nie net gepoog om vas te stel of die
ouers gedink het dat AT=SI waardevol was aldan nie, maar ook om die betekenis, die breër
konteks, en die proses waardeur hul opinies gevorm is en hoe dit hulle beïnvloed het, te verstaan.
Die steekproef het bestaan uit nege ouers, insluitend moeders en ‘n vader, van kinders met SIA
(SID), woonagtig in verskillende streke in die Wes=Kaap, Suid=Afrika. ‘n Doelgerigte steekproef is
gebruik om die deelnemers vir die studie te kies. ‘n Kwalitatiewe=fenomenologiese benadering is
gebruik om data in te samel deur aangesig=tot=aangesig onderhoude, waarneming van
deelnemers, asook die navorser se veldnotas.
Vier temas wat direk verwant was aan die doelwitte van die studie, is tydens die analise van die
data geïdentifiseer. Dit het die volgende ingesluit: “Dit was moeilik want ons het nie verstaan
nie”, “Ewe skielik het alles so baie sin gemaak”, “My kind in die wêreld gemobiliseer ”, “AT=SI
intervensie fasiliteerders voorgestel deur die deelnemers”.
Hierdie temas beskryf die vordering van die deelnemers se persepsies en ervarings voor die
aanvang van AT=SI intervensie, gedurende die intervensie en ook nadat intervensie voltooi is,
asook die aanbevelings wat hulle gemaak het om AT=SI intervensie in Suid=Afrika te fasiliteer. Ek
het bevind dat faktore soos deelnemers se swak bewustheid en begrip van AT=SI intervensie, hul
begrip van hul kind se arbeidsprestasie, hul rol as ouers en hul sosiale optrede as ‘n familie in
verskeie sosiale kontekste, negatief beïnvloed het. Kernpunte van verandering is geïdentifiseer
gedurende die ‘inset=fase’ van die AT=SI intervensie, wat die deelnemers se vordering na die ‘na=
fase’ van AT=SI intervensie òf gefasiliteer het, òf bemoeilik het. Ten spyte van die struikelblokke
het alle deelnemers ‘n skuif na die ‘na=fase’ van AT=SI intervensie waargeneem en ervaar. Vir
sommige deelnemers was hierdie skuif die veranderde optrede wat hulle in hul kind waargeneem
het, wat die kind en familie se sosiale gedrag verander het. Vir die meerderheid deelnemers het
hierdie skuif egter ‘n aantal faktore ingesluit: ‘n beter begrip en verwagting van hulle kind;
veranderinge in hulle kind se vermoëns, aktiwiteite en eiewaarde; veranderinge in hulself as ouers
en hoe dit hul ouer=kind verhouding beïnvloed het; asook veranderinge in die kind en familie se
sosiale gedrag in verskeie kontekste.
Die deelnemers se voorstelle en my interpretasie van die bevindinge het my in staat gestel om
voorstelle te maak om die struikelblokke te probeer oorkom en die fasiliteerders aan te moedig
wat die verskil gaan maak in AT=SI intervensie in Suid=Afrika. Aanbevelings is gemaak vir twee
areas: die wyer sosiale konteks van Suid=Afrika, asook die konteks van die AT=SI intervensie wat
ontvang word deur kinders en hulle ouers.
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An investigation to establish the flexor tendon rehabilitation protocol use amongst Occupational Therapists in South Africa.Venter, Jane. 17 December 2013 (has links)
The aim of this study was to investigate which protocols Occupational Therapists (OT’s) use when rehabilitating clients after flexor tendon repairs, and to investigate the therapist’s knowledge regarding these protocols, to guide therapists and institutions in using effective methods within the South African context. A questionnaire was sent to OT’s in South Africa. Of the 32 responses, 50% had more than 10 years experience and 50%, less experience. 81.2% were private practitioners and 28% worked in government. The trend of protocol use was as follows: 18.8% used a Duran-type passive mobilization protocol, 25% used a Kleinert-type protocol - a passive flexion protocol (but labelled an active mobilization protocol in literature as it allows active extension of the fingers), 28.1% used Early Active Mobilization and 3.1% used an Immobilization-type protocol. 64.5% of the sample used static splints, 9.7% used dynamic splints and 25.8% used a combination. Most (83.3%) continued the splint at 4 weeks but only 26.6% were using the splint at 6 weeks. At week 1, 30% allowed active flexion of the fingers, whereas at week 4 and 5, 60% allowed active flexion. The referring doctor and confidence in one’s own skills were the main factors influencing protocol choice. Resources available influenced the protocol choice, which can be problematic in South Africa. Access to literature was mostly through textbooks (90.6%), although journal articles were accessed (internet - 50%, hard copy - 62.5%). More than half of the sample attended courses regularly. Most therapists were happy with their outcomes, regardless of which protocol used. Therapists
need to build their confidence, realising the efficacy of various protocols is similar, according to research. Thus whatever factors influence protocol choice, they will likely not be critical to good outcomes. / Thesis (M.O.T.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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A study to determine the prevalence of signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome and de quervains tenosynovitis in garment workers in the eThekwini district of KwaZulu-Natal.Pillay, Prabashni. January 2012 (has links)
Introduction: Garment work is repetitive and detailed and requires constant use of the hands. It is
no surprise that garment workers are at high risk for developing repetitive strain injuries (RSI’s)
(MFL Occupational Health Centre, 1999). Work-related upper limb disorders, popularly known
as RSI’s, affect over 370,000 people in Great Britain with 86,000 new cases recorded in 2010.
This costs employers almost £300 million in lost working time, sick pay and administration (The
Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, 2007). There is however no statistics documented on RSI’s
among garment workers found for South Africa. Aim: To determine the prevalence of signs and
symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome and de Quervains tenosynovitis. Method: A study using
quantitative data was used. A validated questionnaire consisting of open-ended and closed
questions was utilized. Data was collected from two hundred subjects of varying age, gender and
ethnic group. Information on signs and symptoms and possible risk factors of RSI’s were
obtained. The visual analogue scale was used to assess pain, a goniometer to measure active
range of movement, the Phalens test, Reverse Phalens test and Finkelsteins test was used to
assess the signs and symptoms of the two occupational repetitive strain disorders. Data analysis:
All data was captured and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS
version 15). Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, proportions, median, mode
and interquartile range was used to summarize the data. Pearson’s Chi Square tests and Fishers
Exact tests were used to test for association between two categorical variables. Independent
Samples t-tests were used for the difference in age distribution between participants that
presented with carpal tunnel syndrome and de Quervains tenosynovitis and of those who did not
present with them. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Bar graphs, tables and pie charts
were used to depict the results. Results/Discussion: The results of this study indicated that 59%
of participants presented with signs and symptoms of de Quervains tenosynovitis and 63% of
participants presented with signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. The prevalence of
carpal tunnel syndrome and de Quervains tenosynovitis was 42% and 43% respectively among
garment workers in the eThekwini district. In addition, 100% of participants stated that they
work under the following conditions, applying weight through the arms, repeated movement,
work with their arms in unsupported positions, fast hand movements and holding or grasping for
more than 2 hours continuously per day. Seventy two and a half percent of participants stated
that their work entailed using vibratory tools for prolonged hours. Pearson’s Chi Square tests
showed no association of use of vibratory tools to de Quervains tenosynovitis (P=0.666) or to
carpal tunnel syndrome. This is inconsistent with the findings of the study completed by Leclerc
et al. (1998) who stated that different dimensions of exposure to physical workload are widely
recognised as risk factors. These risk factors include rapid hand motions, repetitive bending and
twisting of the hands and the wrist, fast work pace, repetitive grasping with the fingers,
mechanical stress at the base of the palm and the palm and the use of vibratory tools (Leclerc et
al. 1998). Conclusion: This study has identified the prevalence of signs and symptoms of carpal
tunnel syndrome and de Quervains tenosynovitis among garment workers. It has also shown that
a significant percentage of garment workers presented with symptoms of burning, tingling,
itching and numbness in their hands as well as feelings of swollen and ‘useless’ hands. A
significant number presented with functional limitations to certain activities of daily living
suggestive of the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome. De Quervains tenosynovitis was indicated
when a significant number of participants presented with pain, tenderness or swelling over the
radial aspect of the wrist as well as functional limitations to certain activities of daily living. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2012.
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The experience of raising a child with down syndrome : perceptions of caregivers in KwaZulu-Natal.Barr, Megan. January 2013 (has links)
Introduction: Due to limited research within KwaZulu-Natal there is a deficit in the
knowledge base and understanding surrounding the dynamics of caring for a child
diagnosed with Down syndrome. The study aims to inform health professionals who
adopt a psychosocial approach, such as occupational therapist, in an effort to
improve the therapy and handling of the caregivers and children.
Methodology: A sequential explanatory mixed method approach with an interpretive
phenomenological perspective was utilized. Sampling utilized non-probability
methods from the Down syndrome Association (KwaZulu-Natal) database. An initial
quantitative descriptive survey (n=57) guided the subsequent qualitative phase
encompassing focus groups and interviews (n=18). Quantitative data was statistically
analyzed using SPSS (version 21) and the transcribed quantitative data utilized
thematic analysis with in vivo, emotions and descriptive coding.
Results and Discussion: Experiences were primarily influenced by initial reactions
of the participants; their level of knowledge of the syndrome and reactions to
informing their family and community. Thereafter the positive and negative aspects
of raising the child affected their perceptions.
Conclusion: Many factors contributed to the participants‟ perceptions of raising a
child with Down syndrome, namely: community and family attitudes; support
structures available; positive factors such as personal growth as well as negative
factors such as the erratic health of the child and difficulties with inter-personal
relationships. However; an overall positive perception was reported by the
participants, with an emphasis on advice to other caregivers based on lived
experience. / Thesis (M.O.T.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
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Barriers to admission to mainstream primary schools for children with high functioning autism/asperger's syndrome (Umlazi District)Collins, Carryn. 20 August 2014 (has links)
In South Africa basic education is a right for all children (Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996) and mainstream education for learners with so called mild disabilities such as High Functioning Autism or Asperger’s Syndrome (HFA / AS) is available according to government policy (White Paper 6, South African Department of Education, 2001b). The aim was to explore barriers to admission to mainstream primary school education for learners with HFA / AS. A mixed methods research design with two phases was used. Twenty-eight government primary schools in two circuits of a KZN school district completed a questionnaire; five parents of children with HFA / AS took part in a focus group discussion and an autoethnographic essay was written by the researcher. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Some schools and the majority of parents were unaware of the learners’ educational rights. Gaps in the implementation of policy exist, which contributed significantly to the barriers to admission for learners with HFA / AS. Main barriers were lack of knowledge and misconceptions about HFA / AS amongst school staff, lack of training for school staff, lack of government funding, lack of unity between parents and teachers/schools and negative attitudes towards inclusion of learners with HFA / AS. Suggested ways of overcoming the barriers to admission included small classes, class assistants or facilitators, improved unity and communication between parents and teachers and greater government support. With solutions addressed in the future, learners with HFA / AS can access suitable education in order to become contributing adults to society (Attwood, 2007). / Thesis (M.O.T.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2014.
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The play milieu at creches in MacassarKruger, Maria Elizabeth 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MOccTher)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Play is widely acknowledged as a cornerstone of childhood development. Its significance stretches
beyond developing cognitive abilities and school readiness to the development of social skills,
emotional expression and well-being. The milieu, or environment, is recognized as highly
influential with regards to occupational performance; the play environment is therefore also of great
importance to child development. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the assessment
of this play environment, especially in a developing country context. This study therefore focuses
on the play environment at South African crèches, specifically with regards to assessing the
environmental factors impacting children’s play, namely play space, play objects, play time and
play mates (including caregivers). The National Guidelines of ECD Services in South Africa had
already set standards relating to play space, play time and caregiver ratio’s at crèches. Criteria for
play objects were established as part of this study through an extensive literature review. These
criteria were then applied in a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive survey at registered crèches
in Macassar, a community in the Cape Flats outside Cape Town. The survey results indicated that
crèches complied to play space and play time regulations, but that not all crèches complied with the
regulations regarding caregiver-child ratio’s and play object adequacy. The crèches especially
lacked in gross motor play objects. These findings emphasize the importance of establishing
practical criteria and guidelines for all aspects of the play environment and enforcing those
standards at day care crèches. The study also provides a useful framework for measuring the
adequacy of the play environment at South African crèches. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Spel is ‘n belangrike hoeksteen in kinderontwikkeling en het ‘n noemenswaardige impak op
kognitiewe ontwikkeling, skoolgereedheid, die ontwikkeling van sosiale vaardighede, uitdrukking
van emosies en algemene welstand. Die milieu, of omgewing, word wyd aangeslaan vir die invloed
wat dit op arbeidsverrigting uitoefen en die spelomgewing is daarom belangrik. Daar is egter ‘n
tekort in kennis aangaande die spel omgewing, veral in die konteks van ‘n ontwikkelende land soos
Suid-Afrika. Hierdie studie bestudeer dus die spel omgewing in Suid-Afrikaanse dagsorgsentrums.
Speel-spasie, speeltyd, speelgoed en speel-maats vorm saam die omgewingsfaktore wat op die spel
omgewing impakteer en die studie fokus dus op hierdie vier faktore. Die Nasionale Riglyne vir
Voorskoolse Kinder Ontwikkeling in Suid Afrika het reeds standaarde gestel ten opsigte van die
vewagte fisiese spasie, speeltyd en die getal kinders tot versorgers (versorger-kind verhouding) by
Suid Afrikaanse dagsorg sentrums. Kriteria wat meet of daar voldoende speelgoed beskikbaar is vir
kinders se optimale ontwikkeling is na aanleiding van ‘n literatuurstudie ontwikkel. Hierdie kriteria,
tesame met die kriteria wat deur die Nasionale Riglyne gestel is, is gebruik om die spelomgewing
by dagsorg-sentrums in die Macassar gemeenskap op die Kaapse Vlaktes net buite Kaapstad te meet
d.m.v ‘n beskrywende opname. Volgens die sensus resultate voldoen die dagsorgsentrums wel aan
kriteria ten opsigte van fisiese spasie en beplande speeltyd, maar ontbreek hulle ten opsigte van die
versorger-kind verhouding. Die resultate dui ook aan dat al die dagsorg-sentrums nie voldoende
speelgoed gehad het om die volle spektrum van kinderontwikkeling te dek nie. Hulle het veral
ontbreek in speelgoed vir grof-motoriese spel. Die studie beklemtoon die belang van praktiese en
spesifieke riglyne en standaarde sowel as die implementering van hierdie standaarde. Die studie
verskaf ook ‘n raamwerk wat gebruik kan word in die assesering van die spel omgewing in ‘n
ontwikkelende konteks, sowel as om toekomstige intervensies te lei.
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'n Ondersoek na die effek van okkulomotoriese oefeninge in kombinasie met 'n visuelepersepsieprogram op die visuele persepsie by sewejarige leerders met visueel-perseptuele problemeVlok, Elizabeth Daphne 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MOccTher (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Occupational Therapy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / According to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (2002), the objective of occupational
therapy is to help people to participate in activities of daily life which are purposeful and meaningful to
them and in which they are expected to participate. According to educators, learners are increasingly
experiencing problems with performing academic tasks, and learning barriers, especially with regard to
visual perception, are on the increase. Various external factors, such as educational policy pertaining
to inclusive education and a younger age for school admission, as well as internal factors, such as
learning readiness, may contribute to the occurence of learning barriers that can restrict the academic
progress of learners.
Learners are increasingly being referred to occupational therapists. Occupational therapists also
provide guidance to learner supporters. Occupational therapists refer learners with visual perception
problems with possible eye tracking problems for vision therapy, after which occupational therapy is
resumed. Meanwhile, learners still have to function in the school environment, which means that
incorrect capturing of information processing can take place. According to literature, the promotion of
eye movements is regarded as part of occupational therapy services in the USA. In South Africa the
proposed model by Fishman-Hellerstein and Fishman (1999: 148) of cooperation between
optometrists and occupational therapists is followed. In this approach eye movements are regarded
as underlying building blocks of visual perception and the effect of eye movements on the academic
performance of learners is clearly described (Green, 2001). There is a shortcoming in the literature
where eye movements are promoted as integral to a visual perception programme. Occupational
therapy needs to investigate effective methods of intervention that are time and cost effective in order
to address the growing problem, especially in South Africa.
A clinical experimental field trial with a convenience sample was used to investigate the effect of
occulomotor exercises in combination with a visual perception programme on the visual perception of
seven-year-old learners with visual perception problems.
The study population was seven-year-old learners with visual perception learning barriers from
neighbouring schools with foundation phase education. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.
Sifting procedures included questionnaires to parents and educators, “Beery-Buktenica Developmental
Test of Visual-Motor Integration” 4th edition of Beery (1997) for visio-motor integration, and a screening
test by an optometrist. A visual perception programme was presented to the control groups and the
experimental groups over ten sessions. An eye exercise of 15 minutes was included with the experimental groups. The Developmental Test of
Visual Perception, 2nd edition, by Hammill, Pearson and Voress (1993) was used as measuring
instrument in the pre-test and post-test to determine effectiveness, which was statistically indicated by
using the repeated measures ANOVA.
The results indicated no significant difference between the visual perception programme with eye
exercises and the one without. Two tests of the sub-ability of visual perception showed a tendency
towards improvement. The educators indicated that the learners benefited functionally from the
programme and that it made a difference in academic performance. Behaviour and emotional events
may have influenced the results of the study because of external factors.
It is recommended that the study be repeated with a larger sample and a longer programme presented
over six months to a year.
Occupational therapists can include eye exercises integral to activity participation by adapting
activities and through the optimal use of space for activities so that the learner would have to adapt to
it visually.
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Factors that affect the persistence of Master of Occupational Therapy students at Stellenbosch UniversitySheik Ismail, Arifa 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MOccTher)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The retention and throughput rates of postgraduate students are a national and an international concern. There is a tendency for postgraduate students, irrespective of which Master of Occupational Therapy programme they are registered for, to have difficulty in completing the thesis or research assignment, resulting in delayed throughput or non-completion. This study aimed to understand and describe from the postgraduate student’s perspective, what factors facilitated or hindered the completion of the Master of Occupational Therapy programmes. Qualitative research using a phenomenological design was used in order to obtain a rich description of the students’ lived experiences in the M-programmes so as to gain insight into their experiences. Purposive sampling was used and data was generated by means of in-depth, one-to-one interviews. The findings have shown that numerous factors in various combinations at different points in time during the study period shaped the experience of the mature, female, part-time postgraduate student. Participants were intrinsically motivated to engage in studies as they desired the growth in their professional knowledge and skills. The experience of supervision varied depending on how the student and supervisor were matched and on the student’s expectations and needs of the relationship. The development of critical thinking and writing skills required effort and time, which influenced the postgraduate student’s motivation, retention and throughput rate. Within the work environment very little negotiation for study opportunity was possible. Although this negotiation was far more likely within the home and with family, household and family responsibilities persisted over the long study period of two or more years. This study has shown that the main hindrances to the completion of studies are the lack of time and the demands of the multiple roles that the mature, female part-time postgraduate student has to contend with. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die volharding en deurvloeikoers van nagraadse studente is nasionaal sowel as internasionaal ‘n bekommernis. Daar is ‘n tendens vir nagraadse studente om te sukkel met die voltooing van die tesis of navorsingsopdrag, afgesien van die Meester in Arbeidsterpie program waarvoor hulle gerigestreer is. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vanuit die nagraadse student se perspektief, die faktore wat die voltooing van die Meester van Arbeidsterapie programme fasiliteer of verhinder te verstaan en beskryf,. Kwalitatiewe navorsing met ‘n fenomenologiese navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om ‘n ryk verduideliking van die student se ervaringe van die M-programme te bekom om sodoende insig in hul ervarings te kry. Daar is van ‘n doelgerigte steekproef gebruik gemaak en data is gegenereer deur middel van in-diepte een-tot-een onderhoude. Die bevindinge het getoon dat verskeie faktore in verskillende kombinasies op verkillende tye gedurende die studie-periode die ervaring van die deelnemers as volwasse, vroulike, deeltydse nagraadse studente bepaal het. Nagraadse studente was intrinsiek gemotiveerd om te studeer omdat hulle wou groei ten opsigte van hul professionele kennis en vaardighede. Hul ervaring van studieleiding is bepaal deur hoe gepas die studieleier vir die betrokke student was en ook van die student se verwagtinge en behoeftes van die studieleier-student verhouding. Die ontwikkeling van kritiese denke en skryfvaardighede het inspanning en tyd vereis, wat die nagraadse student se motivering, volharding en deurvloeikoers beïnvloed het. Min onderhandeling vir studie-geleenthede was moontlik binne die werksomgewing. Alhoewel hierdie onderhandeling meer moontlik binne die huis- en familie omgewing was, het huishoudelike en familie verantwoordelikhede steeds voortgegaan oor die lang studie tydperk van twee of meer jare. Hierdie studie het bevind dat die grootste hindernisse vir die voltooiing van studies die tekort aan tyd en die eise van die meervoudige rolle waarmee die volwasse, vroulike deeltydse student worstel is.
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Occupational therapy assessment of the upper limb : trends in South AfricaDe Klerk, Susanna Magdalena 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MOccTher)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: This research was conducted to establish the assessment practices of occupational therapists working with clients with upper limb injuries and/or conditions. This was done to get an updated account of frequency and variation in the use of various assessment tools as well as reasons offered for infrequent use.
Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used. A convenience sample of therapists attending courses was recruited for the study. A questionnaire was developed for the study and face and content validity established through pilot testing. The questionnaire consisted of three sections containing demographic information and questions about upper limb assessment practices. Descriptive statistics were calculated for numerical and categorical data to describe the demographic characteristics and to identify the measurement tools that were used most frequently. The Chi-Square test of associations was used to determine whether there were any associations between frequency of use and demographic factors. Results: Questionnaires were completed by 81 (71%) respondents. Twenty-two (27.2%) of the respondents had more than five years’ experience in the field of hand therapy while the remainder (n=52, 64.2%) had less than five years. The more experienced therapists worked in the private sector (n=49, 60.5%) with two (0.03%) experienced therapists being employed in the public sector. The diagnoses that were seen most commonly were nerve injuries (90.1%), fractures (88.8%) and tendon injuries (85.1%). Of the 81 respondents 15 (18.5%) held post graduate qualifications in the field of hand therapy. Goniometry (68 of 81, 84.0%), manual muscle testing (62 of 81, 76.5%) and testing for flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis function (61 of 81, 76.3%) were used most frequently. Performance tests were used infrequently or not at all. The most common reasons for non-use of performance tests were that they were not available in the practice setting or respondents were not familiar with them. Significant associations were found between frequency of using measurement tools and practice setting, years of experience and holding a post graduate qualification in the field of hand therapy. There was a significant association between working in the private sector and using a dynamometer (p < 0.001), and working in government settings and frequent use of the test for localisation (p = 0.021). Therapists with more than five years’ experience in the field of hand therapy were significantly more likely to use Semmes Weinstein monofilaments (p = 0.034) as were those holding a post graduate qualification in hand therapy (p <0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study have serious implications in terms of the upper limb assessment practices of occupational therapists, especially in the context of evidence-based practice which has become crucial not only for the credibility of the profession, but also for its survival. Information obtained through this research could aid to guide education and training at an undergraduate and post graduate level and assist to direct a research focus for hand therapy in the South African context. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Hierdie navorsing is uitgevoer om die bepalingspraktyke van arbeidsterapeute wat werk met kliënte met boonste ledemaat beserings en/of toestande vas te stel om sodoende ‘n beeld te verkry van die frekwensie en variasie van die gebruik van bepalingsinstrumente. Redes aangebied vir ongereelde gebruik hiervan is ook ondersoek.
Metode: 'n Kwantitatiewe deursnee-opname-ontwerp is gebruik. ’n Gerieflikheidssteekproef van terapeute wat kursusse bygewoon het, is gewerf vir die studie. ‘n Vraelys is ontwikkel vir die studie, en voorkoms- en inhoudsgeldigheid is bepaal deur ‘n loodstudie. Die vraelys het bestaan uit drie afdelings met demografiese inligting en vrae oor boonste ledemaat bepalingspraktyke. Beskrywende statistiek is bereken vir numeriese en kategoriese data ten einde die demografiese eienskappe te beskryf en die bepalingsmetodes wat die meeste gebruik is, te identifiseer. Die Chi-kwadraat toets is gebruik om te bepaal of daar enige assosiasies tussen die frekwensie van gebruik en demografiese faktore bestaan.
Resultate: Vraelyste is deur 81 (71%) respondente voltooi. Twee-en-twintig (27,2%) van die respondente het meer as vyf jaar ondervinding in die veld van handterapie gehad, terwyl die res (n = 52, 64.2%) minder as vyf jaar gehad het. Die meer ervare terapeute het gewerk in die privaatsektor (n = 49, 60.5%) met twee (0,03%) ervare terapeute in diens van die staat. Senuweebeserings (90.1%), frakture (88,8%) en tendonbeserings (85.1%) was die meeste gesien. Van die 81 respondente het 15 (18,5%) ‘n nagraadse kwalifikasie in die veld van handterapie gehad. Goniometer (68 van 81, 84.0%), spiertoetsing (62 van 81, 76,5%) en die toetse vir fleksor digitorum profundus en superficialis funksie (61 van 81, 76,3%) is die meeste gebruik. Vaardigheidstoetse is selde of glad nie gebruik nie. Die mees algemene redes aangevoer vir die feit dat vaardigheidstoetse nie gebruik is nie, was dat dit óf nie beskikbaar is in die respondent se werksarea nie, óf dat respondente nie vertroud is met die toetse nie. Beduidende assosiasies is gevind tussen die frekwensie van die gebruik van bepalingsmetodes en werksarea, jare ervaring in handterapie en 'n nagraadse kwalifikasie in die veld van die handterapie. Daar was 'n beduidende assosiasie tussen terapeute werksaam in privaatpraktyk en die gebruik van 'n dinamometer (p < 0,001) en terapeute werksaam in die staat en gereelde gebruik van die lokalisasie toets (p = 0.021). Terapeute met meer as vyf jaar ondervinding, sowel as diegene met ’n nagraadse kwalifikasie in handterapie was beduidend meer geneig om Semmes Weinstein monofilaments te gebruik (p = 0,034 en p < 0,001 respektiewelik). Gevolgtrekking : Die bevindinge van hierdie studie het ernstige implikasies in terme van die arbeidsterapie bepalingspraktyke van die boonste ledemaat, veral in die konteks van bewys-gebaseerde praktykvoering (evidence based practice) wat noodsaaklik geword het nie net vir die geloofwaardigheid van die beroep nie, maar ook vir die oorlewing daarvan. Inligting wat verkry is deur middel van hierdie navorsing kan help met onderrig en opleiding op 'n voor-en nagraadse vlak. Dit kan ook help om navorsing in handterapie te rig binne die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks.
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