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Central auditory processing perforance of male and female stutterers and nonstutterers.Kathard, Harsha. January 1992 (has links)
Central auditory processing performance of male and female stutterers
and nonstutterers was compared on a battery of central
auditory tests. Thirty stutterers (15 male and 15 female) with a
mean age of 23.10 years (17.2-31 years) comprised the experimental
group, and 30 nonstutterers (15 male and 15 female) with a
mean age of 22.2 years(17-32 years) comprised the control group.
The test battery included dichotic (DCV test, ssw test, eST) and
monotic (SSI-ICM test, ARLT) tests. Stutterers performed significantly
poorer than nonstutterers on various parameters of individual
tests. The stutterers' performance on the test battery was
varied : 8(26.6%) stutterers passed all tests in the battery;
7(23.3%) failed dichotic tests only; 15(50%) failed dichotic and
monotic tests of which 2(6.6%) failed monotic tests. Pass/fail
rates indicated that although 15 (50%) nonstutterers failed the
battery 22(73.2%) stutterers failed. This result confirmed that
stutterers performed significantly differently from nonstutterers
on the test battery( X?= 19.87 , df=l; p<0.05). Male/famale comparisons
for nonstutterers indicated no significant differences
(p>0.05) on individual tests except on the ARLT where males
obtained longer latencies than females. Pass /fail rates on the
test battery confirmed no statistically significant (X~= 0.133 ,
df=l; p> 0.05) performance differences between male and female
nonstutterers. For stutterers, although male performance was
poorer than female performance on various parameters of individual
tests ,the performance differences were not significant
(p>0.05). However, pass/fail performance on the test battery
indicated that significantly more males (13) than females (9)
failed the test battery ( X2 = 8.66 df=l, p<0.05). The results
are discussed in terms of the literature and theoretical and
clinical implications are presented and discussed. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1992.
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Test translation in a South African context using the peabody picture vocabulary test-revised.Naidoo, Premanithee. January 1994 (has links)
This study explored the feasibility of using test
translation to adapt a standard English vocabulary test for
Zulu speakers. It was motivated by the difficulties
associated with assessing speakers of the African languages,
in the absence of Zulu speech-language therapists and Zulu
assessment tools. The adaptation process in the present
study began with a direct translation of the PPVT-R into
Zulu by twenty Zulu university students. Based on the
degree of consensus on translations and judgements of
cultural appropriacy (using the committee approach), items
were selected for the purposes of pilot testing of the
translations on 107 Zulu pupils from six to eleven years,
in the study area. The results of the first pilot study
revealed that it was not feasible to standardise the first
translated version of the test, as only seventeen percent
of the items were found suitable for inclusion in a
normative study. Further test development using
translations from twenty educators, their judgements of
cultural appropriacy of stimuli as well as application of
the back translation test to determine semantic equivalence
of translations resulted in the development of a revised
translated version of the PPVT-R, consisting of mUltiple
translations for some items. This was administered to 544,
six to eleven year old Zulu children. The results of the
second pilot study revealed that only 31.2% of the
translations administered were appropriate for the purposes
of developing norms, across all the age groups tested, with
80% of these translations applicable for six and seven year
old Zulu children only. Therefore, the translated version
of the PPVT-R, despite modifications, showed significantly
reduced applicability for Zulu speakers. Using the
information derived from the present study a test comprising
thirty six Zulu words has been compiled for the purposes of
screening the receptive vocabulary skills of six and seven
year old Zulu children in the study area. The findings of
the study confirmed the difficulties in using test
translation as a procedural option in adapting a test for
Zulu children; implications, further modifications and
investigations are suggested in this regard. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1994.
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The hallmarks of successful alaryngeal voice rehabilitation following a total laryngectomy using tracheo-esophageal puncture with voice prosthesis : perspectives of key role players.Naidu, Suvaya. 19 November 2013 (has links)
A total laryngectomy (TL) affects the quality of life (QoL) of individuals who have undergone this surgical procedure, as changes are seen in respiration, swallowing and communication. The aim of this study was to gather perspectives of the hallmarks of successful alaryngeal voice rehabilitation by tracheo-esophageal puncture (TEP) with voice prosthesis of laryngectomy patients from key role players based at a public hospital in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A qualitative method of inquiry was used, namely a single-program, collective case study. A focus group, comprising of four individuals who had undergone a total laryngectomy, was held to identify the participants‟ views about successful voice rehabilitation. From this focus group, one successful communicator was identified to be interviewed individually. Five semi-structured, face-to-face individual interviews using open-ended questions were conducted with five key role players in alaryngeal voice rehabilitation. The interviewees comprised of the successfully rehabilitated person with total laryngectomy (PWTL), his caregiver, an ear, nose and throat surgeon, speech-language pathologist and specialist nurse, to gather their perspectives on the factors that contributed to successful alaryngeal voice rehabilitation using TES. The Thematic Framework Approach was used to qualitatively analyze the data. Factors identified as contributing to success included patient selection for tracheo-esophageal puncture, information provision, support in the form of support groups, spiritual as well as family support, stomal care, the skill of the team and key management issues. Issues related to finance adversely affect the provision of voice prostheses and/or the provision of correctly sized prostheses and accessories. Systems have been implemented at the hospital to provide the option of TEP with voice prosthesis without much consideration to the other two alaryngeal options; namely esophageal speech and electrolarynx speech. Implications for clinical practice have been identified especially the need to provide more social support services to persons with TL. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2012.
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Early communication development : parenting beliefs and practices in a rural context.Earl, Bronwyn. January 2011 (has links)
Many children in the foundation phase in rural schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa struggle to acquire early literacy skills. A review of the literature demonstrates the link between early communication development and academic achievement, including literacy skills (Rossetti, 2001). This study explored the beliefs and practices of caregivers regarding early communication development as a means to providing culturally appropriate early communication intervention. The study drew on phenomenological and interpretive viewpoints to inform the qualitative design. Fifteen caregivers with healthy infants in the age range of 0-12 months were recruited from a post-natal clinic in Inanda, a rural community in KwaZulu-Natal. The study took place in three phases. Phase 1) Nine of the participants were divided between two focus groups. Focus groups used photo elicitation as a method of stimulating discussion on subjects relevant to the topic. Phase 2) Data from the focus groups was used to inform the development of an individual guided interview schedule. One participant took part in a pilot study of an individual interview. Phase 3) The remaining five caregivers participated in individual guided interviews. Data obtained through both focus groups and individual interviews was analyzed for themes using Creswell’s Data Analysis Spiral (1998). Five themes were identified as falling within the two study objectives: Parenting beliefs and parenting practices. The themes under parenting beliefs included: the role of the parent; needs and abilities of the infant and communication. Themes included under parenting practices were: daily activities and language stimulation. The results show that caregivers’ beliefs are guided by the desire for their infants to be accepted by community members, thus prioritizing issues of respect and observable health as their parenting goals. Caregivers’ daily activities facilitate the development of the maternal bond which serves as the foundation for the development of communication and provides language stimulation. These practices are however noted to be intuitive and lack a formal knowledge base. Practice and research implications for these findings are discussed. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.
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The syntactic features of South African Indian English among students in Natal, with regard to use and attitudes towards usage.Crossley, Susan L. January 1987 (has links)
Two tests were developed and administered to 122 South
African students of Indian descent and 70 South African
students of European descent. One test elicited use of
certain syntactic constructions through requesting subjects
to make specified grammatical changes to verbally presented
sentences. The other test elicited attitudes regarding
acceptability and beliefs about own and others' use of nonstandard
syntactic forms. In both cases, test items were
based on non-standard syntactic forms reported to occur in
the speech of Indian South Africans. Results were analysed
statistically and on the basis of significant group
differences, fourteen syntactic features of South African
Indian English were identified. These results, as well as
those concerning language attitudes and beliefs, are
discussed in terms of the literature and implications for
clinical application and further research. Sex differences
in use and attitudes were also investigated but were found
to be of little significance. / Thesis (M.Speech Pathology)-University of Durban-Westville, 1987.
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Employment in down syndrome : the experiences of individuals with down syndrome, their employers and families in KwaZulu-Natal.Tod, Courtney Jayne. 12 September 2014 (has links)
Employment is viewed as one of the pinnacle factors in enhancing quality of life. Despite being a right in South Africa, the employment opportunities available to individuals with Down syndrome are limited. This study aimed to explore the employment experiences of individuals with Down syndrome, their employers and their families in KwaZulu-Natal. This research provided valuable information for Speech-Language Therapists on enhancing communication in the workplace as effective communication in the workplace is crucial for employment. A qualitative approach and phenomenological design were used within the context of International Classification Framework, biopsychosocial model and critical paradigm. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results revealed that individuals with Down syndrome valued their employment for the emotional and financial support it provided and the skill development opportunities available. Gaps were evident in legislation specific to the employment of individuals with Down syndrome as well as the implementation of these limited policies. Communication is necessary in the workplace; however, it is one of the areas that is severely impacted in individuals with Down syndrome. Employers and family members’ experiences indicated variability in speech intelligibility, language and literacy skills among the participants with Down syndrome linked to cognitive ability, intervention, education received, mood swings and memory loss. Intriguing trends relating to the positive use of technological devices for social and recreational purposes were evident. Employment success can be linked to successful job selection, visual and emotional support. Speech-Language Therapists, employers, family members and the Down syndrome association were found to have crucial roles in providing this support. The role of the Speech-Language Therapist continues to evolve and is required across the lifespan for different purposes. / M.Sc. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2013
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An overview of speech-language therapy services for children with cleft lip and/or palate from birth to three years within the KwaZulu-Natal health sector.Chetty, Marlene. January 2011 (has links)
A descriptive survey with 19 Speech-Language Therapists from public health and four from private health was used to obtain an overview of Speech-Language Therapy services for children with cleft lip and/or palate from birth to three years in the KwaZulu-Natal Health Sector. Results are presented for public health, as none of the four private based respondents worked with cleft lip and/or palate from birth to three years. The number of Speech-Language Therapists (9) working with cleft lip and/or palate (0-3 years) in KwaZulu-Natal appears not to have changed significantly over the past two to three years, similar to the incidence of cleft lip and/or palate births. Reasons for Speech-Language Therapists not working with this population included poor referrals and caseloads comprising of clients older than three years. A team approach to cleft care appears challenging but showing development. There are currently four institutions where professionals function as multidisciplinary teams, consisting mainly of Speech-Language Therapists, doctors and nurses. Speech-Language Therapists’ assessments include case history taking, oral peripheral examination, observational feeding assessment and speech-language assessment. Most therapists are consulted within a few days of the birth, which is consistent with international guidelines. Audiological assessment and assessment of resonance were mentioned by a minority of participants. Feeding devices for cleft lip and/or palate are not always available immediately, and hence appears contradictory to the National Rehabilitation Policy. Recommendations include undertaking similar research in other provinces, so as to build a nationwide overview of services for South African children with cleft lip and/or palate. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.
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