This study explored the feasibility of using test translation to adapt a standard English vocabulary test for Zulu speakers. It was motivated by the difficulties associated with assessing speakers of the African languages, in the absence of Zulu speech-language therapists and Zulu assessment tools. The adaptation process in the present study began with a direct translation of the PPVT-R into Zulu by twenty Zulu university students. Based on the degree of consensus on translations and judgements of cultural appropriacy (using the committee approach), items were selected for the purposes of pilot testing of the translations on 107 Zulu pupils from six to eleven years, in the study area. The results of the first pilot study revealed that it was not feasible to standardise the first translated version of the test, as only seventeen percent of the items were found suitable for inclusion in a normative study. Further test development using translations from twenty educators, their judgements of cultural appropriacy of stimuli as well as application of the back translation test to determine semantic equivalence of translations resulted in the development of a revised translated version of the PPVT-R, consisting of mUltiple translations for some items. This was administered to 544, six to eleven year old Zulu children. The results of the second pilot study revealed that only 31.2% of the translations administered were appropriate for the purposes of developing norms, across all the age groups tested, with 80% of these translations applicable for six and seven year old Zulu children only. Therefore, the translated version of the PPVT-R, despite modifications, showed significantly reduced applicability for Zulu speakers. Using the information derived from the present study a test comprising thirty six Zulu words has been compiled for the purposes of screening the receptive vocabulary skills of six and seven year old Zulu children in the study area. The findings of the study confirmed the difficulties in using test translation as a procedural option in adapting a test for Zulu children; implications, further modifications and investigations are suggested in this regard. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1994.

En los estudios de calidad en interpretación, se ha discutido ampliamente qué significa calidad y quién la debe evaluar. Generalmente, las investigaciones se han centrado en las perspectivas de los destinatarios y de los intérpretes como evaluadores, pero pocos han considerado ambas perspectivas en simultáneo. Este estudio busca determinar cómo coinciden o se diferencian las valoraciones de calidad de los destinatarios y de los intérpretes mediante el análisis de un conjunto de criterios de calidad valorados en el contexto de interpretación simultánea de conferencias en Lima, Perú. Por ello, se empleó una metodología mixta: se encuestó a 77 destinatarios en siete conferencias especializadas y se entrevistó a diez intérpretes. Se encontró que ambos grupos coinciden en la valoración de la fluidez verbal y acento nativo, pero difieren en la valoración del uso correcto de los términos y la fidelidad del mensaje. Los resultados coinciden parcialmente con los de otras investigaciones, pero se encontraron diferencias en las valoraciones de los destinatarios. Además, indican que, si bien ambos grupos tienen distintas prioridades, sus concepciones de calidad no son muy alejadas. / In Interpreting Studies, there has been a lot of discussion about quality and who should evaluate it. Research has generally focused on the users and interpreters’ perspectives, but few studies have considered both perspectives simultaneously. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study aims at determining the similarities or differences between users and interpreters’ notion on quality by analyzing eleven quality criteria in the context of simultaneous conference interpreting in Lima, Peru. Ten conference interpreters were interviewed and surveyed, and 77 users were surveyed at seven specialized conferences. Both groups coincide in the rating of fluency and native accent but differed in the rating of correct use of terminology and sense consistency with the original. These results are partially in line with other studies’ results, but there are some differences regarding the users’ ratings of quality criteria. Furthermore, although both groups have different priorities, their notions on quality are not very different. / Trabajo de investigación

Orientador: Isabella Tardin Cardoso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T14:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_DiogoMartins_M.pdf: 1909699 bytes, checksum: 6568a7fe36c5be97cd12c62ef79bd815 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A relevância da obra "Fábulas" (Fabulae), atribuída a um certo Higino, tende a ser cada vez mais reconhecida nos estudos mitográficos, embora estudiosos divirjam quanto ao valor da obra em si, considerada desde uma mera e medíocre tradução de um único compêndio grego, hoje perdido, até o mais importante manual de mitologia legado pela Antiguidade greco-romana. Esta pesquisa, que tem como corpus as fábulas I a CXXV (os quatorze primeiros ciclos mitológicos e a fábula Odisséia) não tem por pretensão qualificar a obra naqueles termos: o intuito é, antes, observar seu texto (com destaque a características relacionadas a sua língua, estilo e gênero), investigando, inclusive, a relevância de tais aspectos para o estudo mais geral dos mitos ali referidos (entre eles, inclusive, mitos para os quais hoje Higino é a única fonte antiga). Para tanto, o texto do primeiro ciclo mitológico (Fab. I a VI) é cotejado com a narrativa que Ovídio faz dos mesmos mitos (Met. IV. 512-542; 563-603; Fast. III. 853-876 e VI. 473-562). Analisa-se, em seguida, a fabula CXXV. Odisséia e suas relações com a obra homônima de Homero. A partir da tradução do corpus anotada para a língua portuguesa (inédita, ao que saibamos, no Brasil), elencamos aspectos do estilo "objetivo" que caracteriza a obra Fabulae como um compêndio mitológico / Abstract: The relevance of the work Fabulae, assigned to a certain Hyginus, tends to be more and more recognized in the mythographical studies, although scholars mostly disagree about the value of the work itself. The text is considered either as a simple and poor translation from one single Greek compendium, today lost, or as the most important mythological manual left by the Greco-Roman Antiquity. This study, whose corpus is composed by the fabulae I to CXXV (i.e. the first 14 mythological cycles and the fabula Odisseia), does not have the intention to qualify the Fabulae in those terms. The intention is, above all, to observe the text (by focusing its language and style), as well as to investigate the importance of such aspects to the general study of the myths there presented (including those myths to which Hyginus is the only ancient source). Therefore, the text of the first mythological cycle (Fab. I to VI) is compared to Ovidian's narrative of the same myths (Met. IV. 512-542; 563-603; Fast. III. 853-876 e VI. 473-562). Then, Fabula CXXV. Odisseia and its relations to Homer's homonymous epic are appreciates. Finaly selected aspects of the "objective" style that characterizes Hyginus's work as a mythological companion, that were identified during the translation to Brazilian Portuguese, are appreciated / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Orientador: Rosemary Arrojo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T13:15:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Siqueira_AnaMaria_M.pdf: 4243532 bytes, checksum: 6181e7874b6f463c303d5b4037d6d070 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: O objeto desta pesquisa é a noção de texto na reflexão do tradutor e teórico da tradução norte-americano Lawrence Venuti, cujo nome tomou-se uma referência nos estudos da tradução em virtude da repercussão de suas idéias sobre a (in)visibilidade do tradutor na cultura anglo-americana contemporânea (Estados Unidos e Reino Unido). Esta pesquisa procura mostrar que existem aspectos conflitantes, em relação à textualidade, na obra desse teórico que afIrma considerar o pensamento pós-estruturalista e a instabilidade textual ao refletir sobre a tradução. Partindo dessa mesma perspectiva - considerando principalmente a reflexão empreendida por Jacques Derrida - esta dissertação pretende mostrar que Venuti supõe a estabilidade do texto tanto ao descrever a sua visão particular sobre a tradução, quanto ao formular propostas com a intenção de modifIcar a prática tradutória dentro da cultura anglo-americana, e que, portanto, não assume uma postura pósestruturalista até as últimas conseqüências / Abstract: This is a study on the concept of text in Lawrence Venuti's thinking about translation. Venuti is both a translator and a translation theorist whose name has become widely known because of his ideas about the translator's "invisibility" in contemporary Anglo-American culture. He especially refers to the United Kingdom and the United States. From a poststructuralist perspective, particularly from Jacques Derrida' s thinking, this study intends to show that there are some conflicting textual aspects in Venuti' s thinking. Although he states that he follows the ideas of poststructuralist thinkers about textual instability to rethink translation, his 'theory" as well as his strategies to write translations seem to be based on textual stability. Thus it seems that this theorist does not follow poststructuralism to its ultimate consequences / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Las estrategias de aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en chino han sido estudiadas con anterioridad (Shen, 2005); sin embargo, se ha investigado poco sobre estas estrategias aplicadas en un contexto latinoamericano de educación superior. Este trabajo estudia las estrategias de aprendizaje que emplean los universitarios para mejorar su aprendizaje del idioma chino. El presente estudio identificó las estrategias enfocadas en la lectoescritura y obtuvo la valoración de los estudiantes en torno a estas. Los instrumentos empleados fueron encuestas y un grupo focal, los cuales se aplicaron a un total de 18 estudiantes de diferentes niveles de chino. Los resultados del estudio indican cuáles fueron las estrategias más usadas entre los estudiantes y, además, este propone una categorización de estas estrategias cognitivas, metacognitivas, input-based y output-based. Asimismo, el estudio muestra una noción de efectividad que tienen los estudiantes respecto a las estrategias que utilizan. / Learning strategies for Chinese literacy have been previously studied (Shen, 2005). However, very little research exists regarding the application of these strategies in a Latin American context of higher education. This research studies the learning strategies that university students use for improving their Chinese learning. The present study identified learning strategies focused on Chinese literacy and got students’ assessment on them. Surveys and a focus group were the tools used in this research and were applied to a total of 18 students at different instances of Chinese learning. The results of this study point out the most used strategies among students and, moreover, suggest a classification for the strategies (cognitive, metacognitive, input-based and output-based). Besides, this study shows a notion of effectivity that only these students have towards the strategies they prefer. / Trabajo de investigación

Esta investigación es el primer estudio de caso sobre el proceso de doblaje en Perú. Sobre la base de los modelos de proceso de doblaje de Chaume (2004) y Taylor (2015), y las pautas para elaborar un guion para el doblaje descritas por Cerezo et al. (2016) a partir de Toury (1995), se analizó el proceso de doblaje implementado por la empresa peruana Torre A en dos películas, mediante entrevistas a los agentes de ambos proyectos y el análisis de documentos de la empresa. Los resultados sugieren que, si bien la ejecución de los proyectos de Torre A coincide en gran medida con los modelos teóricos sobre la estructura procesual del doblaje, ambos procesos fueron determinados por el encargo de cada cliente, principalmente con respecto al carácter de negociación comercial, los aspectos técnicos y la traducción y adaptación. Los resultados muestran, además, la versatilidad de los agentes y una menor compartimentalización de sus funciones, ya que participaron en más de una fase del proceso. Finalmente, para evaluar la calidad de ambos procesos de doblaje, Torre A prestó atención a aspectos textuales, artísticos y técnicos según los criterios del cliente y los agentes. Así, la calidad del proceso se vio influenciada por el nivel de involucramiento de cada cliente y el tiempo del encargo, que condicionó la actividad de los agentes. La investigación aporta a la discusión sobre la calidad del doblaje en función al encargo y contribuye a cubrir el vacío teórico sobre los procesos de doblaje en América Latina. / This research is the first case study on the dubbing process in Peru. Based on the dubbing process models by Chaume (2004) and Taylor (2016), and the guidelines to prepare a dubbing script described by Cerezo et al. (2016) built on Toury (1995), the dubbing process for two films implemented by the Peruvian company Torre A was analyzed. This was carried out through interviews with the agents from both projects and the analysis of the company’s documents. The results suggest that project execution in Torre A is largely similar to the theoretical models concerning the dubbing process structure. However, both processes were determined by each client’s order, which mainly influenced the commercial negotiation nature, technical aspects, as well as the translation and dialogue writing phases. Furthermore, the results show agents’ multitasking and less role compartmentalization due to their participation in more than one phase during the process. Finally, in order to assess quality in both dubbing processes, Torre A considered textual, artistic and technical aspects according to the clients’ and agents’ criteria. That way, process quality was influenced by the level of involvement of each client and deadlines, which conditioned the agents’ activities. This research contributes to the discussion on dubbing quality in terms of client orders and helps filling the theoretical gap about dubbing processes in Latin America. / Trabajo de investigación

Este diccionario tiene como objetivo central sistematizar la terminología empleada en el mercado hispano de la traducción. La publicación va dirigida a estudiantes y docentes de la carrera de traducción, traductores profesionales y usuarios de traducciones, quienes encontrarán más de 1000 términos referidos al comportamiento del mercado actual. Los términos están constituidos y divididos por campos temáticos, contextos debidamente codificados con sus fuentes de origen, remisiones y notas. / The main objective of this dictionary is to systematize the terminology employed in the Hispanic translation market. The publication is aimed at students and faculty in translation programs, professional translators and translation users, who will find more than 1000 terms in connection with the current market's behavior. The terms are listed and divided by fields, properly coded contexts with source, references and notes.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Every year, the South African President delivers a State of the Nation Address. This speech provides him with the opportunity to raise his opinion on the current state of affairs in the country. As can be expected, the country's different media channels then report extensively on the speech. These reports can, however, be regarded as much more than simple commentaries on the speech – they are in fact, reframed versions of the speech that affect and shape the opinions and ideologies of their readers. These media channels also provide the perfect vehicles through which links can be established between citizens to support their belief that they form part of an established community (Bielsa and Bassnett 2009:33). Wherever communication is present or necessary, it is impossible to escape the process or effect of framing, as framing implies “‘how speakers mean what they say’” (Tannen and Wallat, 1993:60; in Baker, 2006:105). Therefore, the presence and effects of framing should not be ignored, instead, translation scholars should be aware of framing and how this process affects translated texts. Mona Baker introduced the idea that the translated and reformulated narratives that we are exposed to constitute the everyday stories that shape the way we perceive reality (Baker 2006:3). By studying these translated versions of the speech one can gain insight into the ideologies of the intended target readership (Bielsa and Bassnett 2009:10). In the ever-growing field of Translation Studies it is important to focus on finding an approach that provides enough freedom for scholars to elaborate on existing approaches and include new findings and results. This thesis focuses on the narrative approach and explores Baker's views by taking a deeper look at rewritten versions of the SONA in the shape of newspaper articles. It also suggests that this approach has the potential to provide scholars with a much-needed framework. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elke jaar gee die President van Suid-Afrika ʼn staatsrede waarin hy sy mening lug oor die huidige stand van sake in die land. Dit is te verwagte dat die verskillende mediakanale dan breedvoerig oor hierdie toespraak verslag lewer. Hierdie verslae is egter veel meer as eenvoudige kommentaar op die President se toespraak, hulle is in effek, hergekonstrueerde weergawes van die toespraak, wat sodoende deel van ʼn nuwe raamwerk uitmaak – ʼn raamwerk wat ʼn belangrike rol speel in die vorming van lesers se menings en ideologieë. Hierdie mediakanale bied ook die perfekte mediums om kommunikasie tussen die onderskeie lede van ʼn gemeenskap in werking te stel sodat hulle sal glo dat hulle deel vorm van ʼn gevestigde gemeenskap (Bielsa en Bassnett 2009:33). Waar kommunikasie ter sprake is, is dit onmoontlik om die proses van herskrywing te vermy, aangesien die plasing van inligting in ʼn nuwe raam verwant is aan “‘hoe sprekers bedoel wat hulle sê’” (Tannen en Wallat, 1993:60; in Baker, 2006:105). Dus moet die effek van herskrywing nie onderskat word nie; inteendeel, vertalers moet bewus wees van die implikasies daarvan en hoe dit vertaalde tekste beïnvloed. Mona Baker het vorendag gekom met die idee dat die manier waarop ons realiteit waarneem, beïnvloed word deur die vertaalde en herskryfde narratiewe waaraan ons elke dag blootgestel word (2006:3). Vertalings word spesifiek geskep met die doellesers in gedagte, daarom kan verdere insig oor die ideologieë van die doellesers verkry word deur hierdie vertalings verder te bestudeer (Bielsa en Bassnett 2009:10). In die steeds groeiende veld van vertaalteorie, is dit belangrik om ʼn benadering te vind wat kenners genoeg vryheid toelaat om bestaande teorieë uit te brei en nuwe resultate en bevindings tot die vertaalwetenskap te kan byvoeg. Hierdie studie bestudeer dus Baker se argumente en die impak van ʼn narratiewe benadering op vertaalteorie deur te fokus op herskrywings van die staatsrede in die vorm van koerantberigte. Dit suggereer ook dat hierdie narratiewe benadering van herskrywing deur inligting binne ʼn nuwe raam te plaas, die potensiaal het om aan wetenskaplikes ʼn nuwe teoretiese ondersoekbasis te bied.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite the fact that intertextuality is regarded as an established concept in the field of literary studies, research regarding the role of intertextuality within translation studies is relatively limited. In studies concerned with the problematic nature of the relationship between intertextuality and translation, the majority of scholars focus on the rendering of intertextual references that figure in the source text, while the use of intertextuality in the target text is often overlooked. This study addresses this latter facet of intertextuality by looking at the Afri-Frans translation project, and the way in which intertextuality is intentionally used in the target text. Conceptualised by Matthys Maree, the Afri-Frans project concerns the translation of thirteen Afrikaans songs into French, with the aim of introducing the Afrikaans culture abroad. The project is therefore concerned not only with the translation of the Afrikaans language, but also with the translation of the Afrikaans culture. Therefore Venuti‟s strategies of domestication and foreignisation are applied as theoretical basis of this study. These strategies are discussed in Chapter 3, together with other translation theory focused specifically on the functionalist approach, as well as the interaction between translation and culture. These translation theories are supplemented by a discussion of theories on intertextuality in Chapter 4. This thesis investigates the effect that target text intertexts have on translation, specifically with regard to domestication and foreignisation, so doing determining the potential of intertextuality as a translation tool. In order to establish whether the (Afrikaans) source text culture is properly represented in the (French) target text, the microstructural analysis, in Chapter 5, looks at specific textual fragments and the translation of culture-specific items. The macrostructural analysis, in Chapter 6, is concerned with extratextual analysis, where the focus is on intertextual, paratextual and metatextual aspects. These analyses show that translation inevitably involves a compromise between domesticating and foreignising strategies. Even though microstructural translation methods in Afri-Frans tend to domesticate, intertextuality shows promise as an effective translation tool with the potential to connect the target text audience with the source text culture, thereby bridging the two cultures. The use of intertextuality in translation enables the translator to remain loyal to both the source text culture and target text audience by providing the target text audience with interpretable cultural frames within which the source text culture can be better understood. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte daarvan dat intertekstualiteit as ʼn gevestigde konsep in die letterkunde beskou word, is navorsing wat die rol van intertekstualiteit in vertaling betref, redelik beperk. In studies oor die problematiese aard van die verhouding tussen intertekstualiteit en vertaling, is die hooffokus op die vertaling van intertekstuele verwysings wat in die bronteks voorkom, terwyl die gebruik van intertekstualiteit in die doelteks tot op hede nog min aandag gekry het. Hierdie studie hanteer laasgenoemde aspek van intertekstualiteit deur meer aandag te skenk aan die Afri-Frans vertaalprojek, en die manier waarop intertekstualiteit doelbewus in die doelteks gebruik word. Die Afri-Frans projek, geesteskind van Matthys Maree, behels die vertaling van dertien Afrikaanse liedjies in Frans, en beoog om die Afrikaanse kultuur aan die buiteland bekend te stel. Die projek onderneem dus om nie net die Afrikaanse taal te vertaal nie, maar ook die Afrikaanse kultuur. Venuti se strategieë van domestikering en vervreemding word om hierdie rede as die teoretiese grondslag vir hierdie studie gebruik. Hierdie vertaalstrategieë word in hoofstuk 3 bespreek, tesame met ander vertaalteorie wat spesifiek gefokus is op die funksionalistiese benadering, asook die wisselwerking tussen vertaling en kultuur. Hierdie vertaalteorieë word aangevul deur ‟n bespreking van teorieë oor intertekstualiteit in hoofstuk 4. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die effek van doelteksintertekste op vertaling, veral met betrekking tot domestikering en vervreemding, om sodoende die potensiaal van intertekstualiteit as ʼn vertaalhulpmiddel te bepaal. Ten einde te bepaal of die (Afrikaanse) brontekskultuur bevredigend verteenwoordig word in die (Franse) doelteks, kyk die mikrostrukturele analise, in hoofstuk 5, na die vertaling van kultuurspesifieke items. Die makrostrukturele analise, in hoofstuk 6, behels ‟n ekstratekstuele analise, waartydens die intertekstuele, paratekstuele en metatekstuele aspekte ondersoek word. Hierdie analises wys dat vertaling onvermydelik ʼn kompromie tussen domestikering- en vervreemdingstrategieë vereis. Ten spyte daarvan dat mikrostrukturele vertaalmetodes in Afri-Frans geneig is om te domestikeer, blyk intertekstualiteit ʼn effektiewe vertaalhulpmiddel te wees met die potensiaal om die doelteksgehoor te verbind met die brontekskultuur, en sodoende dien dit as ʼn brug tussen die twee kulture. Die gebruik van intertekstualiteit in vertaling stel die vertaler in staat om getrou te bly aan sowel die brontekskultuur as die doelteksgehoor, deur die doelteksgehoor te voorsien van verstaanbare kultuurraamwerke waardeur die brontekskultuur beter verstaan kan word.

Orientador: Paulo Fernandes Zanotto / Banca: Cleide Antonia Rapucci / Banca: Maria Cecília Pires Barbosa de Lima / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo entre Sagarana de Guimarães Rosa e sua respectiva tradução para o inglês, realizada por Harriet de Onís, analisando as soluções tradutórias encontradas por esta última para os neologismos criados pelo autor, buscando encontrar elementos que possibilitem o entendimento da produção textual e do processo tradutório. A compreensão das soluções tradutórias será pautada por a) um estudo dos conflitos e contradições inerentes e implícitos à tradução: o paradoxo relativo à impossibilidade inerente vs. necessidade absoluta e a dicotomia tradução literal vs. tradução livre; b) analisar a prosa roseana enfocando a produção-recepção de um texto literário e da função estética do neologismo no texto literário; c) uma análise da formação das palavras para determinar os fatores operados e viabilizadores da construção neológica; e d) a produção de sugestões de tradução para as soluções tradutórias oferecidas pela tradutora ora estuda. Este estudo comparativo seguirá uma orientação funcionalista de tradução aliada a uma perspectiva simpática às correntes Contemporâneas da Recepção, procurando entender os papéis dos elementos envolvidos na produção/recepção textuais: o autor, o texto-oferta, a leitura, o leitor, o tradutor e o texto-tradução. / Abstract: This dissertation was carried out as a comparative study of J. Guimarães Rosa's Sagarana (1946) and its respective translation by Harriet de Onís (1966), specifically focused on the translation solutions provided by her to the neologisms created by him, in order to find out elements which make possible both textual production and translation process understanding. The understanding at issue will comprise a) the inherent and implicit conflicts and contradictions of translation: the inherent impossibility vs. absolute necessity paradox and literal translation vs. free translation dichotomy; b) an analysis of Rosa's prose style focusing on the literary text production-reception and the neologism aesthetic function within the literary text; c) an analysis of word formation for determining neological construction at work and feasible factors; and d) the suggestion of translation equivalents instead of the solutions provided by Onís. A translation functionalist approach will be taken in association with an engaging perspective on the Contemporary reception theories meant to explain the roles of the elements involved textual production/reception: the source language text (SLT), the reading process, the translator's mediation the target language text (TLT) and the reader (Rø), the translator, and the translation-text. / Mestre