Thesis (MPhil (Old and New Testament))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The earliest written reference to the “Day of the Lord” is found in the book of Amos. Throughout the prophets, especially the Minor Prophets, the term becomes something of a Leitmotiv, either in those words or in abbreviations such as “that day”. The “Day of the Lord” was to be one of judgement on the enemies of Yahweh. Such judgement in Israelite thought applied to Israelite enemies. To be an enemy of Israel was to be an enemy of God since the Israelites were God’s chosen people. Shockingly, Amos included both Israel and Judah amongst his list of the nations God had declared he would punish. Judgement implied God’s wrath and punishment. This is variously depicted metaphorically as warfare, locust invasions, drought, fire and seismic events. Nations to be punished were those who warred against the Israelite kingdoms. Either they had been part of the Israelite mini-empire under David and Solomon and had broken political covenant, or, like Assyria and Babylon, they had practised cruelty against the people of God and against their other subject nations. The kingdoms of Judah and Israel were to be punished because they had broken the Sinai Covenant by becoming involved in worshipping images of the gods of the surrounding nations. Symbols of these gods were even set up in the Jerusalem Temple. They involved fertility cults which often practised temple prostitution. The Sinai laws were further disobeyed by the Israelites, who ignored ill-treatment of the poor, widows, orphans and aliens. While Amos was aware of the inevitability of judgement, others, like Hosea, were aware of God’s love. God longed for his people to repent and receive blessing. This created a tension in Israelite theology between the need for judgement, which God’s greatness and holiness required and God’s love, which desires to forgive and save. True repentance will bring forgiveness and salvation. Punishment may have to be endured, for example the Babylonian exile, but God will lead his people to salvation. An analysis of judgement and salvation being reconciled on the “Day of the Lord” is first made by looking at the Minor Prophets in a historical and literary context and then how redaction sought to form them into a nified “Book of the Twelve”. In doing so, various critical methods, especially Form Criticism and Canonical Criticism are discussed. In the “Book of the Twelve” the “Day of the Lord” proves to be the occasion when judgement and salvation occur. Judgement is necessary since it leads to acknowledgement of sin and repentance. Only the innocent and the repentant are saved. This involves a remnant of Israel and, later also applies to a gentile remnant which acknowledges YHWH. Eschatologically, the “Day of the Lord”, at first, seems imminent. Later it is seen as a future event under God’s control. At first it is believed the “Day” will usher in destruction of Israel’s enemies, the re-establishment of a united kingdom under a descendant of David and an everlasting time of peace and prosperity, free from control by enemy nations, from apostasy and social injustice. After the defeats of the Kingdom of Israel in the 8th century by Assyria and of Judah in the 6tth by the Babylonians, YHWH is understood as being the God of all nations who will use powerful (and sinful) nations to punish his people, while at the same time preparing their punishment at the hands of other nations. So Assyria is conquered by Babylon and Babylon by the Chaldeans. For many, after the return from Babylonian exile, salvation seems to have been accomplished. The failure of expectations after the return leads to the “Day of the Lord” being seen as an even more distant event. It begins to take on apocalyptic overtones and becomes a moment at the end of time when there is judgement with salvation for the faithful and repentant. God’s eternal reign is inaugurated. Belief in salvation is beginning to move from deliverance being part of earthly life to otherworldly existence with God . The seeming failure of the prophetic earthly ideal may have led to the end of prophecy as a recorded scriptural genre and to the redaction of that genre in post-prophetic times to bring the “Book of the Twelve” into line with contemporary deuteronomistic and priestly outlooks. The Israelite view of the “Day of the Lord” has become a belief that on that “Day” there will be judgement for those who have not repented and at the same time salvation for a remnant which has either remained faithful or has repented. It will usher in an eternal time of divine blessing for the saved who will be a new Israel. Sin leads to God’s earthly punishment. If there is no repentance, judgement becomes eternal.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Prosperity is an important theme in scripture and there is great diversity of perspectives regarding the place of wealth in the life of God’s people. This diversity is reflected in the variety of theological responses to wealth in the church, but the importance of this subject is not reflected in scholarship. Attempts to develop a positive theology of prosperity that does justice to the biblical data are surprisingly rare. There is a need for a careful biblical theology of prosperity. This study aims to lay the foundation of a fuller biblical theology, showing that conflicting biblical views of blessing, prosperity, and wealth can be unified if proper attention is given to certain roles, namely: blessing belongs within a God-man relationship defined by His grace and our dependence; the Promised Land is the exclusive environment in which blessing is promised; and blessing is not given mechanically while sin threatens, but rather the relationship must be forged through testing. This study is only the beginning of a biblical theology of prosperity, examining these roles by means of careful exegesis of four key chapters in the Old Testament from a range of bodies of literature. Firstly, the study of Genesis 12 shows that blessing is graciously offered to Abram as God’s response to the curse that accumulates through Genesis 1-11, and that blessing is intended to extend to the whole world. The blessings are based on a new God-man relationship into which Abram is called, but Abram immediately experiences the complexity of that relationship: though he acts faithfully, he meets with testing rather than prosperity, and this prompts his dependence upon God to falter. Deuteronomy 6 emphasises that covenant faithfulness is the guardian of the God-man relationship in which blessing is found. However, covenant-keeping does not merit favour; the chapter puts undeserved redemption from Egypt – grace – at its centre as the motivation of obedience. Jeremiah 32 is set in the midst of God’s enactment of curses that were promised for disobedience. However, out of the nation’s hopelessness, God speaks words of grace, consolation and New Covenant, a covenant in which hearts will not forget YHWH and blessing can be given unreservedly. Finally, Psalm 128 connects wisdom language (showing that fear of YHWH is the wise way of life that brings prosperity) with priestly blessing language (focusing the eyes of the blessed on the Giver). While God prospers those who fear Him, prosperity always operates within a complex relationship of grace and dependence. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voorspoed is ‘n belangrike tema in die Bybel en daar is ‘n groot verskeidenheid perspektiewe op die plek wat rykdom in die lewe van die volk van God inneem. Hierdie diversiteit word gereflekteer in die verskeidenheid van teologiese reaksies op rykdom in die kerk, maar die belang van hierdie onderwerp word nie in huidige navorsing gereflekteer nie. Pogings om ‘n positiewe voorspoedsteologie te ontwikkel wat reg laat geskied aan die Bybelse gegewens is verbasend skaars. Daar is ‘n behoefte aan ‘n noukeurige Bybelse voorspoedsteologie. Hierdie studie beoog om die grondslag te lê vir ‘n meer omvattende Bybelse teologie, wat reg laat geskied aan die teenstrydige Bybelse beskouings oor seëning, voorspoed en rykdom deur behoorlike aandag te skenk aan bepaalde verhoudings: seëning vorm deel van ‘n God-mens verhouding wat gedefinieer word deur God se genade en die mens se afhanklikheid; die Beloofde Land is die eksklusiewe omgewing waarbinne seëning beloof word; en seëning word nie outomaties verskaf wanneer sonde dreig nie, maar dit vorm deel van ‘n verhouding wat deur beproewing gelouter is. Die studie is slegs die begin van ‘n Bybelse voorspoedsteologie, waarvolgens die verskillende verhoudings deur middel van noukeurige eksegese van vier sleutelhoofstukke in die Ou Testament plaasvind. Ten eerste, die studie van Genesis 12 toon dat seëning vanuit genade aan Abraham deur God geskenk word as ‘n reaksie op die vervloeking wat in Genesis 1-11 opgebou het, en dat die seëning bedoel was om na die hele wêreld uit te brei. Die seëninge word gebaseer op ‘n nuwe verhouding tussen God en mens waartoe Abram geroep is, maar dat Abram onmiddelik die ingewikkeldheid van die verhouding beleef: hoewel hy gelowig optree, ervaar hy meer beproewing as voorspoed, en dit gee aanleiding dat sy afhanklikheid van God begin wankel. Vervolgens, Deuteronomium 6 beklemtoon dat getrouheid aan die verbond die verhouding tussen God-en-mens bewaar te midde waarvan die seëning gevind word. Tog, word die hou van die verbond nie ‘n manier om guns te verdien nie; die betrokke hoofstuk plaas die onverdiende en genadige verlossing vanuit Egipte in die sentrum van die motivering van gehoorsaamheid. Jeremia 32 word geplaas in die midde van God se uitvoering van vervloeking wat beloof was in reaksie op ongehoorsaamheid. Tog, te midde van die volk se gebrek aan hoop, spreek God sy woorde van genade, troos en ‘n Nuwe Verbond, ‘n verbond waarbinne JHWH nie vergeet sal word nie en waar seëning sonder voorbehoud geskenk kan word. Ten slotte, Psalm 128 lê ‘n verband tussen wysheidsuitsprake (wat aantoon dat die vrees van JHWH die verstandige lewenswyse is wat tot voorspoed lei) en priesterlike seëning bewerkstellig (wat die fokus van die geseënde op God as Gewer rig). Hoewel God voorspoed skenk aan die wie Hom vrees, funksioneer voorspoed altyd binne die komplekse verhouding van genade en afhanklikheid. / jme2013

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates whether the parables of Matthew 13 can be understood, both individually and collectively, when they are connected to specific, prophetic referents. After a review of parable research, hermeneutical guidelines are identified in order to interpret the parables of Matthew 13 (chapter 2). Novel guidelines identified include the identification of specific, prophetic referents, the possibility of using details already explained in Matthew 13 in a contextually consistent manner, focusing on the collective meaning of this parabolic discourse and identifying what is new and old in each parable. After considering the structure of Matthew 13 (in chapter 3), these hermeneutical guidelines are applied, focusing on the contextual background (chapter 4) before analysing the parables individually (chapter 5) and collectively (chapter 6). The time period covered by the parables of Matthew 13 as a group is from the days of John the Baptist until the second coming of Jesus Christ. The kingdom of heaven is understood to exist from Pentecost onwards but will only be established when Christ returns, that is, the kingdom of heaven “exists-but-is-not-yet-established”. In Matthew’s presentation, the parable of the sower covers the time period during which Jesus presents the word (or gospel) of the kingdom to Israel only. During that time, Jesus authenticates his Messianic claims to Israel and, by doing so, displays the authority and power bestowed on the Christ to them. But when Jesus is rejected, the treasure is hidden and he goes to the cross to provide the sign of Jonah. After purchasing the field, having received all authority in heaven and on earth, the Son of Man sends good seed not only to Israel, but to all the nations of the world. The sons of the kingdom first sent must include Peter and the other ten disciples who are commanded to go and make disciples. The surprising growth of the Church after the great commission includes, perhaps unexpectedly, also Gentiles, for the Son of Man commences his pearl ministry by baptising not only Jewish and Samaritan but also Gentile believers with the Holy Spirit. At the end of this age, the gospel of the kingdom will again be preached. This time, however, it will be preached not only to Israel, but as a witness to all the nations — and then the present age will end. After the tribulation and judgment of those days, the King returns to unveil the treasure in order to establish the Messianic kingdom on earth. It is submitted that, regardless of one’s eschatological view (this thesis is presented from a dispensational, premillennial perspective), by focusing on specific, prophetic referents and by considering this series of parables in a collective and contextually consistent manner, the parables of Matthew 13 (and perhaps the Gospel of Matthew as a whole) can be understood differently. And it is about understanding all these things that Jesus questions his disciples. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek of die gelykenisse van Matteus 13, sowel individueel as kollektief beskou, verstaan kan word wanneer dit met spesifieke, profetiese referente in verband gebring word. Ná ’n oorsig van navorsing oor gelykenisse word hermeneutiese riglyne ontwikkel waarmee die gelykenisse van Matteus 13 geïnterpreteer kan word (hoofstuk 2). Nuwe riglyne wat aangebied word, sluit in die identifisering van spesifieke, profetiese referente, die moontlike gebruik van referente wat reeds in Matteus 13 verklaar is op ’n kontekstueel konsekwente wyse, ’n fokus op die kollektiewe betekenis van hierdie paraboliese diskoers en om wat in elke gelykenis nuut en oud is, te identifiseer. Nadat oorweging aan die struktuur van Matteus 13 geskenk is (hoofstuk 3), word die hermeneutiese riglyne toegepas, eers op die kontekstuele agtergrond (hoofstuk 4), en daarna word elke gelykenis individueel ontleed (hoofstuk 5) voordat dit kollektief beskou word (hoofstuk 6). Daar is bevind dat die tydperk wat hierdie gelykenisse as ’n kollektiewe eenheid dek van die dae van Johannes die Doper af tot by Jesus Christus se wederkoms strek. Die koninkryk van die hemele word begryp as dat dit bestaan vanaf Pinkster maar sal eers opgerig word as Christus terugkeer, dit is, die koninkryk van die hemele “bestaan-maar-is-nog-nie-opgerig-nie”. In Matteus se aanbieding dek die gelykenis van die saaier die tydperk waartydens Jesus die woord (of evangelie) van die koninkryk alleen aan Israel aanbied. Gedurende hierdie tydperk bekragtig Jesus sy Messiaanse aansprake aan Israel en daardeur vertoon Hy aan Israel die mag en krag waarmee die Christus bedeel is. Maar wanneer Jesus verwerp word, word die skat verberg, en Hy gaan na die kruis toe om die teken van Jona te verskaf. Nadat die saailand gekoop is, nadat Hy alle mag in die hemel en op aarde ontvang het, stuur die Seun van die Mens goeie saad, nie net na Israel toe nie, maar na al die nasies van die wêreld. Die seuns van die koninkryk wat eerste gestuur is, moet Petrus en die ander tien dissipels wat beveel is om dissipels te gaan maak, insluit. Die verrassende groei van die Kerk ná die groot opdrag sluit, miskien onverwags, ook heidene in, want die Seun van die Mens begin sy pêrel bediening deur Joodse, Samaritaanse en ook heidense gelowiges met die Heilige Gees te doop. Aan die einde van hierdie eeu sal die evangelie van die koninkryk weer verkondig word, dan egter nie net aan Israel nie maar tot ‘n getuienis aan alle nasies — en dan sal hierdie eeu eindig. Ná die verdrukking en oordeel van daardie dae sal die Koning terugkeer om die skat te openbaar en om die Messiaanse koninkryk op aarde te vestig. Daar word voorgestel dat, ongeag die eskatologiese siening wat gehuldig mag word — en hierdie tesis word aangebied vanuit ’n dispensasionele, premillennialistiese perspektief — die gelykenisse van Matteus 13 (en miskien ook die Evangelie van Matteus as ’n geheel) anders verstaan kan word as daar op spesifieke, profetiese referente gefokus word en hierdie reeks gelykenisse op ’n kollektiewe en kontekstueel konsekwente manier benader word. En juis oor ’n begrip van al hierdie dinge is waaroor Jesus sy dissipels uitvra.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Both Jesus and his Apostles, the main characters of Luke-Acts, cannot be identified as having the general features of prophets of the first century Mediterranean world, but nevertheless Luke elaborates on them in such a way so as to portray them as prophets. In this thesis, I have dealt with the matter of Luke’s characterization of Jesus and his Apostles, particularly the matters of how they are portrayed, and why they are portrayed as such. To answer the above questions, I have used the methodology derived from Darr’s “pragmatic reader response approach” (1992). In chapter 3, the narrative world of Luke-Acts, I have investigated the extra-textual as well as the literary context of the given text. I have defined (1) Second Temple Judaism as the hierocratic symbolic empire within the [Roman] Empire, and (2) the prophets par excellence, Moses, Samuel and Elijah, as extraordinary prophets who performed the priestly task, as well as the legislative task of making and renewing the Covenant. Such extra-texts became the background of the characterization of Jesus and his Apostles. The characterization of Jesus is developing along the narrative sequence and geographical movement in Luke-Acts. The importance of Jerusalem in Luke’s narrative and in his characterization of Jesus is noteworthy. It indicates that the ministry of Jesus and his Apostles is confronting the current hierocratic symbolic empire, which was centred around a high priest and the Jerusalem Temple. I have tried to prove this point through my exegesis in chapters of 4 and 5. I have examined Luke 4:16 and Acts 2 in terms of (1) Hellenistic conventions, typical situations and rhetoric of comparison, and (2) the inter-textual linkage, especially Old Testament quotations and typology, in Ch. 4 and 5. In terms of the Hellenistic convention, both passages can be classified as public speeches confronting the whole house of Israel which was the hierocratic symbolic empire at that time. In addition, it can be understood as the dispute of honour and shame over the status of Jesus and his Apostles as a prophet. By appealing to the OT quotations and allusions including typology, Luke portrays Jesus as the prophet par excellence in Luke 4:16-30, and identifies him as Lord and Messiah in Acts 2. Using a similar strategy, Luke portrays Jesus’ Apostles as the prophets par excellence like Moses in Acts 2. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beide Jesus en sy apostels as die hoofkarakters kan nie in Lukas-Handelinge geïdentifiseer word met die algemene kenmerke van profete in die eerste-eeuse Mediterreense wêreld nie, maar tog verbeeld Lukas se uitbreiding oor Jesus en sy apostels hulle as profete. In hierdie tesis handel ek met die saak van Lukas se karakterisering van Jesus en sy apostels, veral die sake van hoe hulle uitgebeeld word, en waarom hulle as sodanig uitgebeeld. Om hierdie vrae te beantwoord, het ek die metodologie uit Darr se "pragmatiese leser-reaksie benadering" (1992) gebruik. In hoofstuk 3, die narratiewe wêreld van Lukas-Handelinge, het ek die ekstra-tekstuele sowel as die literêre konteks van die gegewe tekste ondersoek. Ek het die volgende posisies ingeneem (1) Tweede Tempel Judaïsme was ‘n hierokratiese simboliese ryk binne die [Romeinse] Ryk, en (2) die profete par excellence, Moses, Samuel en Elia, het as buitengewone profete ‘n priesterlike taak uitgevoer, sowel as die wetgewende taak van die maak en vernuwing van die verbond. Sulke “ekstra”-tekste het gedien as die agtergrond van die karakterisering van Jesus en sy apostels. Die karakterisering van Jesus vind plaas volgens die ontwikkeling in terme van die narratiewe volgorde en geografiese beweging in Lukas-Handelinge. Die belangrikheid van Jerusalem in Lukas se narratiewe en in sy karakterisering van Jesus is opvallend. Dit dui daarop dat die bediening van Jesus en sy apostels die huidige hierokratiese, simboliese ryk, wat om 'n hoëpriester van die Jerusalem Tempel gesentreer was, gekonfronteer het. Ek het probeer om hierdie punt te bewys deur my eksegese in hoofstukke 4 en 5. Ek het Lukas 4:16 en Handelinge 2 ondersoek aan die hand van die volgende temas (1) Hellenistiese konvensies, tipiese situasies en die retoriek van vergelyking, en (2) inter-tekstuele skakeling, veral met Ou Testamentiese aanhalings en tipologie in hoofstukke 4 en 5. In terme van Hellenistiese konvensie, kan beide gedeeltes geklassifiseer word as openbare toesprake wat die huis van Israel as hierokratiese, simboliese ryk gekritiseer het. Daarbenewens kan dit verstaan word as ‘n saak van eer en skaamte oor die status van Jesus en sy apostels as 'n profeet. Met 'n beroep op OT aanhalings en sinspelings insluitend tipologie, verbeeld Lukas vir Jesus as die profeet par excellence in Lukas 4:16-30, en identifiseer by hom as Here en Messias in Handelinge 2. Deur 'n soortgelyke strategie, word Jesus se apostels uitgebeeld as die profete par excellence (soos Moses) in Handelinge 2.

Thesis (M. Th.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / CONCLUSION: Everyone of us who call ourselves Christians are faced with the perplexing questions with regard to the church’s self understanding and how that is interconnected and related to culture. We either ignore these questions, or we seek to work out what that means in an ever changing and dynamic world. McLaren has sought to do this and for this he must be commended. Although throughout this work one might feel that in my evaluation I have been too generous, or that I have tempered my criticism where others would have felt I could have been more critical, I am still convinced that anyone who is at least asking these questions is worthy of respect and only tempered criticism. My bias of course is obvious as McLaren’s work has helped me make sense of my world and the nature of church. Despite this I have shown throughout where I believe McLaren might be lacking or where he could be placing more focus. I have also shown where I believe much of his early work was skewed in certain directions and how over time his perspectives have become more rounded and holistic. Of course I have been liberal in my praise for many of the areas where I believe he is doing well. I have attempted to capture the core of McLaren’s practical theology by utilizing Hendrick’s practical theological methodology. This has helped us get to grips with his view of God and Church, the nature and interpretation of global and local cultural contexts and how we discern our practice in tension with tradition and scripture. We have also been able to explore McLaren’s views of the kingdom and transforming action within society. The future of the Church has demanded such a discussion and will always require such a conversation into the future. My hope has been that by understanding the core of McLaren’s theology the benefit would be both personal and corporate. Personal in the sense that I would be challenged and informed in my own praxis as I wrestle with personal concerns around culture and ecclesiology. Corporate in that others who are facing similar challenges would be able to dialogue with McLaren in a way that will be helpful and informative for those dealing with the same questions I am. I believe that McLaren’s work is vital for this process and for the health of the church and the world.

Thesis (MTh (Theology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Stigma is a social-identity devaluation due to a characteristic mark or feature. It imposes a discredited status, resulting in personal/social rejection and suffering. As a psychosocial construction, stigma reflects a systemic influence, as determined by the history and characteristics of the individual's psychological and social environment. This study explores the nature, variations, development, functions, processes, and justification of stigma and stigmatisation. It reflects on the experiential context of HIV/AIDS stigma/stigmatisation from the perspective of both the stigmatiser and stigmatised. Accounting for HIV/AIDS stigma are factors such as concealability, the unpredictability of infection, its terminal nature, and visible manifestations. The result is the multi-faceted suffering of internalised and external stigma, manifested by the prejudice, rejection, ostracism, discrimination, and condemnation of people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. An assessment of HIV/AIDS destigmatisation found that it represents a recent development in the struggle against the pandemic. Destigmatisation interventions have been mostly ineffective because they lack a systems approach. Destigmatisation interventions must be developed with cognisance of the societal context, cultural impediments, major causes and problems of the pandemic. It was argued and concluded that theology can play a major role in combating HIV/AIDS stigma and stigmatisation. Scripture provides both knowledge and existential direction to inform HIV/AIDS destigmatisation. Stigmatisation is sin because it robs the human being - as created in the image of God, reconciled, and redeemed through the cross and resurrection - from his God-endowed dignity and worth. A theology of HIV/AIDS, including a theology of affirmation and an inhabitational theology, is required to adequately address HIV/AIDS stigmatisation and destigmatisation. A theology of affirmation is appropriate because it confirms the eschatological ontology of the human being as a new creation, with a new, stigma-freed identity and status. An inhabitational theology reflects triumph over stigma through the empowerment of the indwelling Spirit. It was concluded that both a theology of the cross (reflecting the passion and compassion of God) and a theology of the resurrection is needed. A theology of the cross reveals our human condition of sin, guilt and guilt feelings, but also God's grace, our salvation, forgiveness and reconciliation. A theologia resurrectionis emphasises the power of God over sin, results in the transformation of the believer, which enables empowerment through the Spirit - who infuses the believer with courage, meaning, purpose, dignity and self-worth. Stigmatisation has made way for self-worth, victory, and charisma. The study concluded that the church has a major role to play in the destigmatisation of HIV/AIDS stigma. The church should contribute to the deconstruction of power and counter systemic injustices. Its should follow a holistic, systems approach, involving the proclamation of a theology of life, practicing pastoral care, participate in the missio Dei, and exhibiting a normative basis regarding destigmatisation interventions - especially with regard to marriage, gender and sex education. It should fulfil its calling of service, participate in the home-based care of the HIV/AIDS infected and affected (including children), and demonstrate the resurrection identity of hope and empowerment, as enabled by the Holy Spirit.

Thesis (MDiv (Practical Theology and Missiology. Divinity))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / In Ecclesiastes 4 the author writes that two people are better than one and that a cord of three strands is not quickly broken (NIV). The Bible is full of examples how godly men and women such as Moses, David, Ruth, Paul, Mark and many others understood this concept and surrounded them with people that could mentor them through life. It important to notice that they were not only mentored in “spiritual matters,” but in life matters. In Jesus’ ministry on earth he often taught about finances (e.g. Matt 25:14-30), marriage (e.g. Matt 5:31), relationships (e.g. Matt 5:44), anxiety (e.g. Matt 6:27) etc. These ‘everyday life issues’ were never separated from spiritual issues such as the Kingdom, forgiveness, holiness etc in Jesus’ teaching. And it would not have been, for in the Jewish culture, as well as the Hellenistic culture of the time, one’s faith was interwoven with all dynamics of life (food, clothing, trade etc). To teach someone about taxes or food, was just as ‘spiritual’ as teaching someone about the attributes of God. Unfortunately the Enlightment era brought a ‘split’ between ‘spiritual’ and ‘life’ matters, which left us with a legacy of Christians who knew their religion, yet were unequipped to live life. In this research paper I believe that it is shown that the local congregation has all the gifts, expertise, wisdom and people from different walks of life that are needed to return to a ‘system’ of life mentoring. It is one of the calls and purposes of the church and is the definition of pastoral care. With the correct informal, yet managed approach, the local congregation can serve as an incubator and network of trans-generational mentoring relationships which will mentor its members as well as non-members to live life in full.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2001 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Willow Creek's celebrated seeker-sensitivemodel ostensibly offers an alluring alternative ecclesiology for many congregations seeking a differentway to 'do chuch' viz an attractive communication ambience and an effective process of persuasion. It reflects both the strengths of evangelical entrepreneurial ecclesiolgy as well as the weaknesses of first generation independent ecclesiology. It espouses a pragmatic, populist approach, reliant on managerial, therapeutic and marketing techniques. Whilst there is much to commend in the Willow Creek model, uncritical imitation of the attempt to reach a secularized post-modern North American society results in unwitting theological reductionism and cultural accomodation of the gospel not least in the following respects: The temptation of image places a premium on performance and appearance. The allure of psychology distorts the ethical framework of Willow Creek. The stress on marketing and measurasble results unduly shapes the gospel. A 'user-friendly' canon within a canon results in a minimalist dualism. A marginalization of theology leads to baptised pragmatism and a deprecation of truth. The resultant re-imaged ministry model owes more to contemporary business methodolgy than it does to the historic theological magisterium of the church. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Willow Creek se beroemde soekersensitiewe model bied klaarblyklik 'n aanloklike alternatiewe eklesiologie vir baie gemeentes wat 'n anderrnanier van 'kerk-doen' soek, aan, te wete, 'n aantreklike kommunikasie ambience en 'n doeltreffende oortuigings proses. Oit weerspieel beide die sterkte van evangeliesgesinde ondernemingsekklesiologie so wei as die swakheid van eerste geslag onafhanklike ekklesiologie. Oit omhels 'n pragmatiese populis benadering vertrouend op bestuurs-, teraputiese- en bernarkinqsteqnieke. Alhoewel daar baie in die Willow Creek model is wat aanbevelings- I waard~g is, kan onkritiese navolging van die poging om 'n sekulariseerde post-moderne Noord Amerikaanse samelewingte bereik, eindig in 'n onbewuste teologiese reduksie en kult~rele aanpassing van die evangelie, ten minste in die volgende opsigte, te wete: die versoeking van beeld plaas 'n premie op vertoon en voorkoms; die aantreklikheid van sielkunde verdraai die etiese raamwerk van Willow Creek; die klem op bemarking en meetbare resultate vorm uiteindelik die evangelie; 'n verbruikervriendelike kanon binne In kanon lei tot 'n minimalistiese dualisme; die vermindering van teologie lei tot 'gedoopte' pragmatisme en afkeuring van die waarheid. Gevolglik het die nuwe beeld , r: van die bedieningspraktyk smId- meer te danke aan eietydse besigheidsmetodes as die historiese magisterium van die kerk.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2000 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As a multidisciplinary liturgical scientific research project, all seven existing methods within the field of Liturgy will be used. These seven methods are namely: liturgy as book; a depth approach; the integral approach; primary and secondary sources; designation and appropriation; contextual: anthropological and cultural; as well as present, past, continuity and discontinuity, future. These seven approaches will form the matrix of the research that will be steered/directed by the researcher himself by means of interference, a so-called tamed intuition and the Bible as critical-normative source. As indicated in the title of the research proposal, the dynamic concept of inculturation will play a vital role throughout the course of the research. Since the research will be done with the intention of liturgical inculturation, the dynamic of cult and culture, as well as the time aspect of continuity and discontinuity, must be brought into account. It follows that a number of main parts will have to be opened, of which three parts have already been opened to serve as an example in this research proposal. These main parts are firstly a chapter on inculturation, secondly a chapter on ritual theory and also a chapter on the history of rituals of reconciliation within the Christian tradition. These three main parts will be opened again from a South African perspective in the final research, but will also be supplemented with a part on the theology of reconciliation, and a recent contextual analysis by means of participatory observation! ethnography. Throughout the proposed research the matrix will be applied to each chapter individually, and then on everything as a whole. The whole process will be steered by the concepts interference and quality of ritual in order to see what lines of force or series of qualities can be distilled from the process. As a whole the research will serve the initial question, namely:" How a better inculturated repertoire of rituals of reconciliation can be attained?" On this basis the research aims at making a contribution towards the so-called liturgia condenda (liturgy in process/formation), working towards the goal that the current liturgical formation in South Africa, and specifically within the Dutch Reformed Church, will take place in a theologically and anthropologically justifiable fashion. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As multidissiplinere liturgiewetenskaplike ondersoek, sal van al sewe bestaande ondersoekswyses binne die liturgiewetenskap gebruik gemaak word, te wete liturgie as boek; In diepte benadering; die integrale benadering; primere- en sekondere bronne; benoeming en toe-eiening; kontekstueel: antropologies en kultureel; en hede, verlede, kontinuiteit en diskontinuiteit, toekoms. Hierdie sewe benaderings sal die matriks van die ondersoek vorm wat deur die ondersoeker self deur middel van interferensie, 'n sogenaamde getemde intuisie en die Bybel as krities-normatiewe bron gestuur sal word. Soos blyk uit die titel van die ondersoek, word daar vera! gewerk met die dinamiese begrip inkulturasie. Synde die ondersoek gedoen word met die oog op liturgiese inkulturasie, moet die dinamiek van liturgielkultus en kultuur, asook die tydsapek van kontinuiteit en diskontituiteit met die liturgiese tradisie wat deur die begrip inkulturasie opgeroep word, in berekening gebring word. In hierdie ondersoeksvoorstel is drie van die vyf beoogde hoofdele a! eksemplaries oopgemaak, naamlik inkulturasie, ritualiteit en geskiedenis van versoeningrituele in die Christelike tradisie. Hierdie drie hoofdele sal in die finale ondersoek weer vanuit 'n Suid-Afrikaanse perspektief oopgemaak word, en aangevul word met 'n resente kontekstuele analise met behulp van deelnemende observasie geng op versoeningrituele, asook In teologiese hoofstuk oor die begrip versoening. Die matriks sal deurgaans op al vyf dele toegepas word, eers op elkeen afsonderlik en daarna op alma! saam. Hierdie proses sal deur middel van interferensie en kwaliteite van ritueel plaasvind om te sien watter kraglyne en reekse kwaliteite afgelei kan word uit die proses. As 'n geheel staan die proses in diens van die inisiele vraagstelling, "Hoe 'n beter geinkultureerde rituele repertoire van versoening verkry kan word?". Sodoende wil die ondersoek 'n bydrae lewer tot die liturgia condenda (liturgie in wording), om mee te werk aan die ideaal dat die huidige liturgiese vormgewing in Suid-Afrika, maar spesifiek ook in die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk, op In teologies en antropologies verantwoorde wyse geskied.

Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2000 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This proposal focuses on the quest for appropriate God-images which can be used to represent God in a given pastoral situation within an African context. It identifies the challenge that confronts the African people as they try to find what can be accepted within the African culture to express their experience of God. The study argues that pastoral care and cross-cultural communication are faced with a twofold problem: the problem of accommodation (continuity) and rejection (discontinuity). It has been observed that the problem of accommodation and rejection is an integral feature of a theological problem of continuity and discontinuity in cross-cultural communication. The problem of accommodation and rejection has been described in this study as: the challenge African people confront in trying to express their experience of God in a given pastoral situation, while at the same time being aware of what is not acceptable and appropriate to the content of the Christian faith. The basic working assumption undertaken by this research, states that appropriate God-images are those which represent God and create an experience of meaning and significance in any kind of circumstance faced by His people. We will presuppose further that appropriate God-images are those which are not going to conflict with a theological interpretation of the Godhuman encounter in a given pastoral care situation. In order to clarify these basic assumptions, the study has undertaken to work with a Hermeneutical model. A hermeneutical model will help us to identify the underlying factors of an African cosmology and anthropology which, according to this study, influences the way African people formulate their God-images. It will be argued further that unless we understand what influences the way African people formulate God-images, we will not comprehend the depth of the problem of accommodation and rejection in an African context. The research proposal wishes to emphasize that the African quest for appropriate God-images is a pastoral problem. Pastoral ministry has a challenge of providing a pastoral diagnosis of God-images which people can identify with. Pastoral ministry should make use of metaphors and symbols common to African people in order to facilitate their quest for appropriate Godimages. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie voorlegging fokus op die soeke na gepaste voorstellings van God wat gebruik kan word in In gegewe pasorale situasie binne In Afrika-konteks met die oog op die effektiewe kommunikasie van die evangelie en die vorming van lidmate se geloofsvolwassenheid. Die kemvraagstuk is die probleem van inkulturasie met in agneming van die invloed van In Afrika-spiritualiteit en kosmologie op Godsvoorstellinge. Die studie voer aan dat pastorale sorg en interkulturele kommunikasie voor In tweeledige probleem te staan kom: die probleem van akkommodasie (kontinuiteit) en verwerping (diskontinuiteit). Daar is vasgestel dat die probleem van akkommodasie en verwerping In wesenlike kenmerk is van die teologiese vraagstuk van kontinuiteit en diskontinuiteit. Die probleem van akkommodasie en verwerping is in hierdie studie beskryf as: die uitdaging waarvoor die mense van Afrika te staan kom wanneer hulle probeer uitdrukking gee aan hul belewing van God in In gegewe pastorale situasie, terwyl hulle tegelyk ook bewus is van wat, volgens die inhoud van die Christelike geloof, nie aanvaarbaar en gepas is nie. Die grondliggende hipotese waaruit hierdie navorsmg voortvloei is dat gepaste voorstellings van God die is wat God op so In wyse weergee dat dit sin verskaf aan mense se daaglikse belewing en ervaring. In Verdere veronderstelling is dat gepaste voorstellings van God die is wat nie bots met In teologiese interpretasie van die ontmoeting tussen God en mens binne In konkrete situasie wat kultureel geprofileer is nie. Om hierdie grondliggende aanname te beredeneer, is daar in hierdie studie besluit om met In Hermeneutiese model te werk. Die veronderstelling is dat In hermeneutiese model ons kan help om die onderliggende faktore van In Afrika-kosmologie en antropologie te identifiseer wat In invloed het op daardie Godsvoorstellinge wat iets reflekteer van die eiesoortigheid van In Afrika-spiritualiteit. In Dergelike pastorale hermeneutiek is nodig met die oog op lydingspastoraat binne In Afrikakonteks. Die navorsingsvoorstel wil beklemtoon dat die Afrika-soeke na gepaste voorstellings van God In pastorale probleem is. Vandaar die noodsaak om met die oog op In pastorale diagnose in pastorale. terapie, aandag te gee aan kriteria wat die vraagstuk van inkulturasie in die pastorale bediening kan aanspreek. Die navorsing voorsien om op hierdie wyse uitdrukking te gee aan die vraagstuk van metaforiese teologie binne In Afrikakonteks.