Este estudo busca compreender as ações de D. Frei Domingos da Encarnação à frente do bispado de Mariana e as suas relações com o corpo de eclesiásticos, a população da capitania de Minas Gerais e os poderes locais e do reino. Com o objetivo de entender as relações existentes entre o Estado e Igreja portugueses em finais do século XVIII, essa pesquisa toma como ponto de partida os debates e aplicações do projeto pombalino. Para isso, são analisadas as noções de regalismo e episcopalismo e como elas estiveram presentes nas ações episcopais no bispado de Mariana. Essas ações tiveram influência direta na administração do bispado, na reforma pastoral e dos sacramentos e, sobretudo, na relação do quarto bispo de Mariana com as irmandades e ordens terceiras da capitania de Minas Gerais. A taxação das conhecenças (um tipo de dízimo eclesiástico) foi o pivô dessas interações sociais e relações de poder. Dela transpareceram os problemas de jurisdição em torno das Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia (1707); os problemas de estrutura e sustentação do bispado de Mariana; as contendas entre párocos e a população mineira; os debates em torno dos limites dos poderes do rei, do papa e do bispo; as contendas sobre a afirmação da hierarquia eclesiástica tridentina em contraposição às irmandades e ordens terceiras. Em todo esse estudo, o conceito de interpenetração é fundamental na análise das relações entre as funções civis e eclesiásticas no Antigo Regime português. / This study seeks to understand the actions of D. Frei Domingos da Encarnação Pontevel at the bishopric of Mariana and his relations with the ecclesiastical body, the people of the Capitania de Minas Gerais and both the local and metropolitan powers. Aiming to comprehend the existent relations between the Portuguese State and Chuch in the end of the 18th century, this research takes as starting point the debates and applications of Pombals Project. Thereunto, the notions of Episcopalism and Regalism and how they were presented at the episcopal actions in the bishopric of Mariana are the main points analysed in this study. These actions had direct influence at the bishoprics administration, the pastoral and sacramental reforms and, especially, the relations of the fourth Bishop of Mariana with the religious brotherhoods and third orders of the Capitania de Minas Gerais. The conhecenças taxation (a type of ecclesiastical tithe) were the center of these social interactions and power relations. They showed up the jurisdiction problem around the First Constituitions of the Archbishopric of Bahia (1707); the problems of structure and support of the bishopric of Mariana; the contentions between the priests and the people of Minas; the pleading around the power limits of the king, the pope and the bishop; the strifes about the affirmation of the Tridentine ecclesiastical hierarchy in contrast to the religious brotherhoods and third orders. In this entire study, the concept of interpenetration is fundamental for understanding the relations between the civil and ecclesiastical functions in Portuguese Absolutism.

Este estudo busca compreender as ações de D. Frei Domingos da Encarnação à frente do bispado de Mariana e as suas relações com o corpo de eclesiásticos, a população da capitania de Minas Gerais e os poderes locais e do reino. Com o objetivo de entender as relações existentes entre o Estado e Igreja portugueses em finais do século XVIII, essa pesquisa toma como ponto de partida os debates e aplicações do projeto pombalino. Para isso, são analisadas as noções de regalismo e episcopalismo e como elas estiveram presentes nas ações episcopais no bispado de Mariana. Essas ações tiveram influência direta na administração do bispado, na reforma pastoral e dos sacramentos e, sobretudo, na relação do quarto bispo de Mariana com as irmandades e ordens terceiras da capitania de Minas Gerais. A taxação das conhecenças (um tipo de dízimo eclesiástico) foi o pivô dessas interações sociais e relações de poder. Dela transpareceram os problemas de jurisdição em torno das Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia (1707); os problemas de estrutura e sustentação do bispado de Mariana; as contendas entre párocos e a população mineira; os debates em torno dos limites dos poderes do rei, do papa e do bispo; as contendas sobre a afirmação da hierarquia eclesiástica tridentina em contraposição às irmandades e ordens terceiras. Em todo esse estudo, o conceito de interpenetração é fundamental na análise das relações entre as funções civis e eclesiásticas no Antigo Regime português. / This study seeks to understand the actions of D. Frei Domingos da Encarnação Pontevel at the bishopric of Mariana and his relations with the ecclesiastical body, the people of the Capitania de Minas Gerais and both the local and metropolitan powers. Aiming to comprehend the existent relations between the Portuguese State and Chuch in the end of the 18th century, this research takes as starting point the debates and applications of Pombals Project. Thereunto, the notions of Episcopalism and Regalism and how they were presented at the episcopal actions in the bishopric of Mariana are the main points analysed in this study. These actions had direct influence at the bishoprics administration, the pastoral and sacramental reforms and, especially, the relations of the fourth Bishop of Mariana with the religious brotherhoods and third orders of the Capitania de Minas Gerais. The conhecenças taxation (a type of ecclesiastical tithe) were the center of these social interactions and power relations. They showed up the jurisdiction problem around the First Constituitions of the Archbishopric of Bahia (1707); the problems of structure and support of the bishopric of Mariana; the contentions between the priests and the people of Minas; the pleading around the power limits of the king, the pope and the bishop; the strifes about the affirmation of the Tridentine ecclesiastical hierarchy in contrast to the religious brotherhoods and third orders. In this entire study, the concept of interpenetration is fundamental for understanding the relations between the civil and ecclesiastical functions in Portuguese Absolutism.

The dissertation is a critical reflection on the relevance of Franciscan spirituality over eight centuries with special focus on the Third Order Regular. This spirituality is rooted in the life and writings of St Francis and St Clare of Assisi and their experience of the kenotic Christ. The Franciscan charism prevails in the world today as a living response to God’s transforming love which is expressed in a ministry of loving service and solidarity with the poor and marginalised – re-enacting Francis’ radical conversion when he embraced the leper. The Third Order Regular, inspired by Vatican II which called for a return to the charism of religious founders, returned to its roots with the revised Rule of 1982 based on the writings of Francis and Clare and grounded in Sacred Scripture. The Rule’s vision corresponds with the 1996 document Vita Consecrata on consecrated life and its mission to be prophetic witnesses to Christ today. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

Des recherches très importantes ont été dédiées à l'étude des composés ferroélectriques de type bronze de tungstène quadratique (TTB). Cette thèse concerne la synthèse et la caractérisation de 7 matériaux TTB de formule générale A6M2M'8O30 (A = Sr2+, Ba2+ ou Pb2+, M = Ti4+, Zr4+ ou HF4+; M' = Nb5+ ou Ta5+). Ces composés cristallins de grande taille ∼100 nm ont été synthétisés sous forme de poudre. Les moyennes expérimentales : diffractions des rayons X, spectroscopie Raman, la microscopie électronique MEB et MET, l'optique non linéaire ONL, ont permis d'établir des relations étroites entre structure et propriétés physiques. Les susceptibilités optiques non linéaires de 2eme et 3eme ordres, χ(2), χ(3) de chaque composés ont été déterminées et les valeurs résultantes du χ(3) ne montrent pas les mêmes caractéristiques que χ(2), car le signal de THG est moins dépendant de structure que SHG qui requiert un milieu non-centrosymétrique. Le décalage fréquentiel (Δσ) des modes de vibrations entre les structures à base de strontium(Sr) et celles à base de Barium(Ba) a été constaté afin d'identifier les signatures propres de ces composés. L'interprétation de ces poudres n'était pas facile car les pics sont très délicats. Nos mesures expérimentales montrent clairement que les positions des pics peuvent être modifiées par le changement cationique au sein des matériaux, plus la maille cristalline est rigide, plus on a des pics plus discernables. La différence est nettement visible là ou l'émission est autour de 808 cm-1 pour la structure (Sr), alors que pour le (Br) elle est autour de 780cm-1. Nous attribuons ce Δσ (28cm-1) à la transition de groupe de symétrie spatiale de Pba2 vers P4bm. L'ensemble des résultats décrits dans ce travail ont montrés la grande variété des paramètres sur lesquels il est possible d'agir afin d'optimiser les compositions en vue d'une application spécifique. / Recently, very significant research has been devoted to the study of ferroelectric compounds of tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB). This thesis deals with the synthesis and characterization of 7 TTB's material with general formula A6M2M'8O30 (A = Sr2+, Ba2+ or Pb2+, M = Ti4+, Zr4+ or HF4+, M '= Nb5+ or Ta5+). These crystalline compounds of large size ~ 100 nm were synthesized in powder form. The experimental Technics: X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM and TEM and nonlinear optics NLO, allowed us to establish close relationships between structure and physical properties. The nonlinear 2nd and 3rd order optical susceptibility χ(2), χ(3) of all compounds were determined and the resulting values of χ(3) did not show the same characteristics as measures of χ(2) because the THG signal is less dependent on the structure where SHG signal requires a non-centro-symmetric medium. The frequency shift between the vibration modes of structures containing strontium (Sr) and those based on Barium (Ba) has been detailed to identify signatures of these specific compounds. The interpretation of these powders wasn't that easy as these peaks are very delicate but our experimental results clearly show that the positions of the peaks can be modified by the change in cation materials, as long as the crystal lattice is more rigid, more we get discernible Raman modes. This difference is clearly visible where the emission is around 808 cm-1 for the structure Sr, whereas the Br it is centered around 780cm-1. We attribute these Δσ (28cm-1) to the transition of spatial symmetry group from Pba2 to P4bm. Results showed the wide variety of settings in which it is possible to act in order to optimize the compositions for a specific application.

The dissertation is a critical reflection on the relevance of Franciscan spirituality over eight centuries with special focus on the Third Order Regular. This spirituality is rooted in the life and writings of St Francis and St Clare of Assisi and their experience of the kenotic Christ. The Franciscan charism prevails in the world today as a living response to God’s transforming love which is expressed in a ministry of loving service and solidarity with the poor and marginalised – re-enacting Francis’ radical conversion when he embraced the leper. The Third Order Regular, inspired by Vatican II which called for a return to the charism of religious founders, returned to its roots with the revised Rule of 1982 based on the writings of Francis and Clare and grounded in Sacred Scripture. The Rule’s vision corresponds with the 1996 document Vita Consecrata on consecrated life and its mission to be prophetic witnesses to Christ today. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-07-01T17:56:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Precioso, Daniel-Tese-2014.pdf: 2609576 bytes, checksum: e7ee5a477b36b702e64f49b9916e3bf7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-01T17:56:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Precioso, Daniel-Tese-2014.pdf: 2609576 bytes, checksum: e7ee5a477b36b702e64f49b9916e3bf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Esta tese apresenta um estudo de arquiconfrarias e ordens terceiras fundadas por pardos e crioulos, forros ou livres, na Capitania de Minas Gerais – sobretudo, em Vila Rica e Mariana – durante a segunda metade do século XVIII. A pesquisa concilia o exame da dinâmica institucional dessas corporações com uma análise das carreiras e redes sociais tecidas pelos seus membros. Destaca-se que o estabelecimento das associações estudadas não reflete apenas o desejo de aprimoramento da vida religiosa e a devoção de seus fundadores, mas também a tentativa de aquisição de privilégios religiosos, isenções jurisdicionais e status social. Além disso, relaciona-se o surgimento das instituições analisadas com a promoção de ações de caridade e assistência social. / This thesis is a study of Archonfraternities and Third orders created by pardos and creoles, freed or free men, in the Captaincy of Minas Gerais – most importantly, in Vila Rica and Mariana – during the second half of the XVIII century. The research reconciles the exam of the institutional dynamics of those corporations with an analysis of the careers and social networks woven by their members. This study emphasizes that establishment of the studied associations doesn’t reflect only the desire to perfect the religious life and the devotion of their founders, but also the attempt to acquire religious privileges, exemptions of authorities and social recognition. Furthermore, this study links the appearance of the institutions analyzed with the promotion of charity actions and social assistance.