Current Source Inverter (CSI) topology is gaining acceptance as a competitive alternative for grid interface of renewable energy systems due to its unique and advantageous features. Merits of CSI over the more popular Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) topology have been elaborated on by a number of researchers. However, there is a dearth of quality work in modeling and control of CSI topology interfacing renewable energy resources to the grid. To enrich the study focussing on application of CSI for renewable energy interface, this thesis develops a multilevel structure based on CSI for three-phase grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) application. In the first part of research, a single-stage CSI interfacing to PV array is developed. The CSI-based PV system is equipped with Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), DC-link current controller, and AC-side current controller. To eliminate the nonlinearity introduced by the PV array, a feed-forward control is introduced in the DC-link current controller. The AC-side current controller is responsible for maintaining unity power factor at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). To verify the performance of the developed CSI-based PV system, a number of simulation studies are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC environment. To illustrate the performance of the CSI-based PV system during transients on the grid side, simulation studies are carried out for four kinds of faults. Results obtained from fault studies are highly in favor of CSI topology and provide illustrative evidence for short-circuit current protection capability of the CSI. On the other hand, the VSI-based PV system performs poorly when subjected to similar grid transients. To extend the research on CSI-based PV system further, a multilevel structure based on CSI is developed. The multilevel structure is a parallel combination of $n$ CSI units and capable of producing $2n+1$ levels of current at the terminal of the inverter. Each unit in the multilevel structure has its own MPPT, DC-link current controller. However, on the AC-side a combined current controller is proposed. The design results in a high power rating with reduced number of filters, sensors and controllers. The developed multilevel structure can operate with PV arrays exposed to equal and unequal insolation level. However, when the PV arrays are operating under unequal insolation level, low order harmonics are generated in the sinusoidal current that is injected into the grid. Elimination of these harmonics is performed by implementing a modified control strategy in stationary reference frame that corresponds to the harmonic component that needs to be minimized. The modified control strategy operates in coordination with the existing DC-side and AC-side current controllers, and MPPTs. Therefore, real-time suppression of current harmonics can be ensured. Performance of the multilevel structure is verified by different transient studies.

Current Source Inverter (CSI) topology is gaining acceptance as a competitive alternative for grid interface of renewable energy systems due to its unique and advantageous features. Merits of CSI over the more popular Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) topology have been elaborated on by a number of researchers. However, there is a dearth of quality work in modeling and control of CSI topology interfacing renewable energy resources to the grid. To enrich the study focussing on application of CSI for renewable energy interface, this thesis develops a multilevel structure based on CSI for three-phase grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) application. In the first part of research, a single-stage CSI interfacing to PV array is developed. The CSI-based PV system is equipped with Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), DC-link current controller, and AC-side current controller. To eliminate the nonlinearity introduced by the PV array, a feed-forward control is introduced in the DC-link current controller. The AC-side current controller is responsible for maintaining unity power factor at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). To verify the performance of the developed CSI-based PV system, a number of simulation studies are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC environment. To illustrate the performance of the CSI-based PV system during transients on the grid side, simulation studies are carried out for four kinds of faults. Results obtained from fault studies are highly in favor of CSI topology and provide illustrative evidence for short-circuit current protection capability of the CSI. On the other hand, the VSI-based PV system performs poorly when subjected to similar grid transients. To extend the research on CSI-based PV system further, a multilevel structure based on CSI is developed. The multilevel structure is a parallel combination of $n$ CSI units and capable of producing $2n+1$ levels of current at the terminal of the inverter. Each unit in the multilevel structure has its own MPPT, DC-link current controller. However, on the AC-side a combined current controller is proposed. The design results in a high power rating with reduced number of filters, sensors and controllers. The developed multilevel structure can operate with PV arrays exposed to equal and unequal insolation level. However, when the PV arrays are operating under unequal insolation level, low order harmonics are generated in the sinusoidal current that is injected into the grid. Elimination of these harmonics is performed by implementing a modified control strategy in stationary reference frame that corresponds to the harmonic component that needs to be minimized. The modified control strategy operates in coordination with the existing DC-side and AC-side current controllers, and MPPTs. Therefore, real-time suppression of current harmonics can be ensured. Performance of the multilevel structure is verified by different transient studies.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τη μελέτη και κατασκευή ενός τριφασικού αντιστροφέα και το συγχρονισμό-σύνδεση αυτού με το τριφασικό δίκτυο. Η εργασία εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας του Τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών της Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής είναι η μελέτη και η κατασκευή ενός τριφασικού αντιστροφέα, ο οποίος θα συνδεθεί με το τριφασικό δίκτυο και θα αποτελέσει μέρος ενός συστήματος με πηγή ενέργειας μία συστοιχία κυψελών καυσίμου (fuel cells) και ενός μετατροπέα ανύψωσης συνεχούς τάσης σε συνεχή, με διαδοχική αγωγή δύο παράλληλων κλάδων (interleaved boost converter). Η είσοδος του τριφασικού αντιστροφέα συνδέεται στην έξοδο του μετατροπέα ανύψωσης συνεχούς τάσης σε συνεχή, με διαδοχική αγωγή δύο παράλληλων κλάδων, ο οποίος τροφοδοτεί τον αντιστροφέα με σταθερή τάση 80 V. Στην έξοδο του αντιστροφέα πρόκειται να συνδεθεί ένα φίλτρο LC για την αποκοπή των υψίσυχνων σημάτων της τάσης και στη συνέχεια ένας τριφασικός μετασχηματιστής, ο οποίος προσφέρει γαλβανική απομόνωση και ανυψώνει την τάση στην επιθυμητή τιμή, που είναι και η τιμή της τάσης του δικτύου. Καταρχάς έγινε θεωρητική μελέτη των ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας, του τριφασικού αντιστροφέα, του φίλτρου LC, του τριφασικού μετασχηματιστή, καθώς και μεθόδων συγχρονισμού με το δίκτυο. Επίσης έγινε μελέτη με το πρόγραμμα εξομοίωσης MATLAB/Simulink της διασύνδεσης του αντιστροφέα με το δίκτυο. Τέλος ακολούθησε η κατασκευή της διάταξης και η διεξαγωγή πλήθους πειραματικών δοκιμών. / The present diploma thesis deals with the design and manufacture of a three-phase inverter to synchronize and connect to the three-phase grid. This work was developed in the Laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Technology of the School of Engineering in the University of Patras, Greece. The purpose of this thesis is the design and manufacture of a three-phase inverter, which will be connected to the three-phase grid and will be part of a system with source of energy a fuel cell stack and an interleaved boost converter, with two parallel branches. The input of the three-phase inverter is connected to the output of the interleaved boost converter with two parallel branches, which feeds the inverter with a dc voltage of 80 V. The output of the inverter is connected to an LC filter, in order to cut off the high frequency voltage signals and subsequently a three-phase transformer, which provides galvanic isolation and lifts the voltage to the appropriate value, which is the voltage value of the grid. At first a theoretical study of the renewable sources of energy, the three-phase inverter, the LC filter, the three-phase transformer, as well as the methods of synchronization with the grid was made. Study was also made with the simulation program MATLAB/Simulink at the interface of the inverter to the grid. Finally the construction of the device followed and numerous experimental trials were conducted.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T13:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SauloLR_Dissert.pdf: 2026827 bytes, checksum: 844a5bebdb8c74bcc97253da6842843e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work is carried out a detailed study of the electrical and mechanical behavior of a doubly fed induction machine that operates as wind generator (DFIG), when it is faced with disturbances from both the grid as wind variations. The dynamic analysis becomes closer to the wind turbine connection to a three-phase electrical network containing several bars. The wind turbine has a classical control system, commonly found in the literature, which is to use PI controllers. From the junction of the control system, the power grid model and the turbine model, serial information will be analyzed. The way the system is designed makes possible, simply, changes of parameters and characteristics of the systems, making it possible to perform simulation of many different wind turbines. By the representation adopted of the electrical grid, it was possible to simulate different types of disturbances, enabling a detailed analysis of the system response in front of the disturbances / Nesse trabalho é realizado um estudo detalhado do comportamento elétrico e mecânico de uma máquina de indução duplamente alimentada que opera como gerador eólico (DFIG), quando esta se encontra diante de perturbações provenientes tanto da rede elétrica quanto de variações de vento. A análise da dinâmica torna-se mais detalhada com a conexão do aerogerador a uma rede elétrica trifásica que contem diversas barras. O aerogerador possui um sistema clássico de controle, comumente encontrado na literatura, que é a utilização de controladores do tipo PI. A partir da junção do sistema de controle, do modelo da rede elétrica e do modelo do aerogerador, uma série de dados serão analisados, tais como velocidade de rotação, corrente e potências fornecidas pelo DFIG, tensão elétrica nos barramentos, dentre outros. Ao utilizar uma representação trifásica na rede elétrica, qualquer forma de perturbação elétrica é facilmente implementada e analisada. A forma como o sistema foi elaborado viabiliza, de maneira simples, modificações de parâmetros e características dos sistemas, tornando possível realizar simulação de diversos modelos de aerogeradores. Através da representação adotada na rede elétrica, foi possível simular diferentes tipos de perturbações, viabilizando uma análise detalhada da resposta do sistema diante das mesmas

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