Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: Freehand; inertial tracking; Ultrasound. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 221-223).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-78).

Chan, Man Leung Dunco. / Thesis submitted in: Nov 2008. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-91). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.2 / 摘要 --- p.3 / Acknowledgement --- p.4 / Content --- p.5 / List of figures --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- Prior work --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4 --- Proposed method --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis outline --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Axial curve-pair deformation --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1 --- Axial deformation technique --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Representing objects in axial space --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Defining the frame --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Axial curve-pair deformation technique --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Framing the curve-pair --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Construction of orientation curve --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Manipulation of the axial curve-pair --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Dynamic axial curve-pair based deformation --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1 --- The dynamic mass spring model --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Dynamic NURBS curve --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Dynamic Free-form deformation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Dynamic Axial Curve-pair deformation --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- The dynamic mass spring model --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Curve-pair Fitting --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Construction of dynamic curve-pair --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- The three-degree torsional spring --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Conserving feature in a twisting deformation --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Comparison of mass spring model --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3 --- Internal and external forces --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Tensile stress --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Torsional stress --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- External forces --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4 --- Equations of motion --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5 --- System solver --- p.63 / Chapter 3.6 --- Hierarchical representation --- p.67 / Chapter 3.7 --- Collision detection --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Implementation and experimental result --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1 --- Comparison with original mass-spring system --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison with dynamic free form deformation --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3 --- Comparison with the axial curve-pair deformation --- p.78 / Chapter 4.4 --- Shape restoring power --- p.80 / Chapter 4.5 --- Applications --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.84 / Reference --- p.86

No description available.

M.Sc. (Computer Science) / Modelling the geometry of a 3D plant for use in a virtual environment can be highly laborious, and hence modelling a large collection of variations of the same plant can be a difficult task. Procedural rule-based methods, such as L-Systems, that generate plant geometry indirectly are powerful techniques for the modelling of plants. However such methods often require expert knowledge and skill in order to be used effectively. This dissertation explores a method for the modelling of procedurally generated plants using an evolutionary algorithm. The model is based on gene expression programming, and uses a hybrid of automated and interactive fitness evaluation. In the model, organisms are represented with linear genomes that can be expressed as L-Systems. The L-Systems can in turn be interpreted as geometry for 3D plants. Several automated fitness functions are presented to rate plants based on various topological and geometric attributes. These fitness functions are used in conjunction with user-based, interactive fitness evaluation in order to provide a comparison of different organisms. The model discussed in this dissertation offers advantages over previous approaches to modelling plants with evolutionary algorithms, and allows a user to quickly generate a population of varied plants without requiring knowledge of the underlying L-Systems.

As three-dimensional (3D) imaging and fluorescence techniques become standard in optical microscopy, novel approaches to 3D fluorescence microscopy are emerging. One such approach is based on the incoherent holography technique called optical scanning holography (OSH). The main advantage of OSH-based microscopy is that only a single two-dimensional (2D) scan is required to record 3D information, whereas most current 3D microscopes rely on sectioning techniques. To acquire a 3D representation of an object, current microscopes must physically scan the specimen in a series of 2D sections along the z-axis. In order to record holograms by OSH, the fluorescent specimen is scanned with an optically heterodyned laser field consisting of a Fresnel zone pattern. A unique acousto-optic modulator configuration is employed to generate a suitable heterodyne frequency for excitation of the fluorescent object. The optical response of a solution containing a high concentration of 15 um fluorescent latex beads to this type of excitation field has been recorded. In addition, holograms of the same beads have been recorded and reconstructed. To demonstrate the 3D imaging capability of the technique, the hologram includes beads with longitudinal separation of about 2 mm. A detailed comparison of 3D fluorescence microscopy by OSH and the confocal approach was conducted. Areas for comparison were 3D image acquisition time, resolution limits and photobleaching. The analysis shows that an optimized OSH-based fluorescence microscope can offer improved image acquisition time with equal lateral resolution, but with degraded longitudinal resolution when compared to confocal scanning optical microscopy (CSOM). For the photobleaching investigation, the parameter of concern is the fluence received by the specimen during excitation, which takes into account both the irradiance level and the time of illumination. Both peak and average fluence levels are addressed in the comparison. The analysis shows that during a 3D image acquisition, the OSH system will deliver lower peak fluence but higher average fluence levels to the specimen when compared to CSOM. / Ph. D.

This project was born out of the work performed by a group of researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) [1] [2] [3] working on interferometric imaging with a spiral array. Their investigation stopped at two dimensional imaging with a two dimensional array. In this thesis, their idea was developed further into the significantly more complex imaging with a three dimensional array. The general design of the NJIT [1] [2] [3] experiment was reproduced, studied, and modified in a manner that was theorized to enhance the experiment with the added ability to perform three dimensional imaging. The NJIT team [1] [2] [3] has developed their experiment to where they were able to accurately perform two dimensional imaging of two sources of equal intensity located at different distances from a spiral array. In this thesis, the equations used for two dimensional imaging are extrapolated into a three dimensional array application. This three dimensional imaging concept is simulated with MATLAB and the results presented and compared to the NJIT experimental results. [1] [2] [3] A proof of concept physical experiment is conducted and the results are compared to the MATLAB simulation. The results show that additional spatial information can be obtained from a three dimensional array that can enhance the information gleaned from images. / Master of Science

Orientador: Alex Sandro Campos Maia / Coorientador: Marcos Chiquitelli Neto / Banca: Euclides Braga Malheiros / Banca: Tomas Norton / Banca: William Koury Filho / Banca: Vinicius de França Carvalho Fônseca / Resumo: A fim de utilizar a modelagem tridimensional (3D) para estimar área, volume e massa, bem como avaliar o impacto dos desvios envolvidos nas equações empíricas disponíveis na literatura, em animais, foram utilizados seis ovinos Corriedale tosqueados com massa entre 10 e 105 kg e cinco bovinos Nelore com massa entre 600 a 800 kg. Os animais foram treinados utilizando os princípios de habituação e condicionamento, a fim de reduzir a reatividade dos animais. Para medição da área de superfície, utilizaram-se basicamente três procedimentos: equação empírica (EE) para cada espécie, instrumento manual de medição (IMM) e modelagem 3D do animal por fotogrametria (AR) e escaneamento com sensor kinect (AS_KS). Foi realizada uma análise de covariância, sendo a massa a covariável e uma análise de regressão não linear foi ajustada como uma função potência (alometria). Analisando as médias de área de superfície, para ovinos, em relação aos procedimentos utilizados não houve diferença entre IMM e modelos 3D, bem como entre os modelos 3D, enquanto entre IMM e EE houve diferença significativa. Para os bovinos, observou-se que os procedimentos 3D foram, em média, superiores às estimativas de área de superfície pela EE (a=5%). Quando se plotou os dados de área de superfície, de ovinos, dos métodos testados em função da massa corporal, obteve-se aproximações empíricas distintas daquelas estimadas pela EE em mais de 11% para animais acima de 100kg, enquanto que para os bovinos a diferença média entr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In order to use three-dimensional (3D) modeling to estimate area, volume and mass, as well as to evaluate the impact of the deviations involved in the empirical equations available in the literature, in livestock, six shorn Corriedale sheep were weighed with mass between 10 and 105 kg and five Nelore cattle with mass between 600 and 800 kg. The animals were trained using the principles of habituation and conditioning in order to reduce the reactivity of the animals. For the measurement of the surface area, three procedures were used: empirical equation (EE) for each species, manual measurement instrument (IMM) and 3D animal modeling by photogrammetry (AR) and kinect sensor (AS_KS) scanning. A covariance analysis was performed, with the mass being covariable and a non-linear regression analysis was adjusted as a power function (allometry). Analyzing the surface area averages for sheep, in relation to the procedures used there was no difference between IMM and 3D models, as well as between 3D models, while between IMM and EE there was a significant difference. For cattle, it was observed that the 3D procedures were, on average, higher than the surface area estimates by EE (a=5%). When data were plotted on the surface area of sheep and the methods tested for body mass, empirical approximations were obtained, different from those estimated by EE in more than 11% for animals over 100 kg, while for cattle the difference between 3D and EE models was over 18%. As the adjustments of t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/01/12). Includes bibliographical references.