P68 RNA helicase is a RNA helicase and an ATPase belonging to the DEAD-box family. It is important for the growth of normal cells, and is implicated in diverse functions ranging from pre-mRNA splicing, transcriptional activation to cell proliferation, and early organ development. The protein is documented to be phosphorylated at several amino-acid residues. It was previously demonstrated in several cancer cell-lines that p68 gets phosphorylated at threonine residues during treatments with TNF-α and TRAIL. In this study, the role of threonine phosphorylation of p68 under the treatment of anti-cancer drug, oxaliplatin in the colon cancer cells is characterized. Oxaliplatin treatment activates p38 MAP-kinase, which subsequently phosphorylates p68 at T564 and/or T446. P68 phosphorylation, at least partially, influences the role of the drug on apoptosis induction. This study shows an important mechanism of action of the anti-cancer drug which could be used for improving cancer treatment. This study also shows that p68 is an important transcriptional regulator regulating transcription of the cytoskeletal gene TPPP/p25. Previous analyses revealed that p68 RNA helicase could regulate expression of genes responsible for controlling stability and dynamics of different cytoskeletons. P68 is found to regulate TPPP/p25 gene transcription by associating with the TPPP/p25 gene promoter. Expression of TPPP/p25 plays an important role in cellular differentiation while the involvement of p68 in the regulation of TPPP/p25 expression is an important event for neurite outgrowth. Loss of TPPP expression contributes to the development and progression of gliomas. Thus, our studies further enhance our understanding of the multiple cellular functions of p68 and its regulation of the cellular processes.

La protéine arginine méthyltransférase 5 est la majeure arginine méthyltransférase de type II chez les mammifères, responsable de la génération de la majorité des arginines protéiques symétriquement diméthylées. Elle est impliquée dans divers processus oncogéniques tel que la progression tumorale et la croissance indépendante de l'ancrage. PRMT5 est surexprimée dans plusieurs cancers comme le cancer de l'ovaire, des poumons et du colon. Cependant, son expression dans le cancer du sein n'est pas assez étudiée. Dans ce projet de thèse, nous avons analysé l'expression de PRMT5 dans une cohorte de 440 tumeurs mammaires. Nos résultats montrent que son expression nucléaire est un facteur de bon pronostic, notamment dans les tumeurs ERa-positives. Nous avons aussi mis en évidence une corrélation entre PRMT5 et la sérine/thréonine kinase LKB1, suggérant un lien entre ces deux protéines. Plusieurs approches in vitro et in cellulo nous ont permis de démontrer que PRMT5 et LKB1 interagissent dans le cytoplasme des cellules mammaires épithéliales. Bien que PRMT5 soit incapable de méthyler LKB1, nous avons montré pour la première fois que PRMT5 est un substrat de cette kinase. Nous avons par la suite identifié les Thr132, 139 et 144 comme cibles de la phosphorylation, au niveau du tonneau TIM en N-terminal de PRMT5. La mutation des thréonines T139/144 en alanine diminue significativement l'activité de PRMT5, probablement suite à une perte de son interaction avec des protéines régulatrices comme MEP50, pICLn et RiOK1. De plus, la modulation de l'expression de LKB1 altère l'activité de PRMT5, témoignant d'un nouveau mécanisme de régulation médié par la phosphorylation identifiée / Protein arginine methyltrasferase 5 is the major type II arginine methyltransferase in humans. It symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues on target proteins in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. PRMT5 was reported to be an oncoprotein implicated in anchorage independent growth and tumor progression. So far, it has been involved in various cancers such as ovarian cancer, lung cancer and colon cancer, but its expression pattern in breast cancer has not been deeply studied. In this thesis project, we analyzed PRMT5 expression in a cohort of 440 breast tumor samples and we found that its nuclear expression is a good prognosis factor, mainly in ERa-positive tumors. Interestingly, our clinical results analysis showed that PRMT5 expression is correlated with the serine/threonine kinase LKB1, suggesting a relationship between both proteins. Several in vitro and in cellulo approaches gave evidence that PRMT5 and LKB1 interact directly in the cytoplasm of mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, although PRMT5 is not able to methylate LKB1, we found that PRMT5 is a bona fade substrate for LKB1. We next identified Thr132, 139 and 144 residues as target sites for phosphorylation, located in the TIM barrel domain of PRMT5. Interestingly, the Thr139/144 mutation to alanine decreased drastically PRMT5 methyltransferase activity, probably due to the loss of PRMT5 interaction with regulatory proteins such as MEP50, pICLn and RiOK1. In addition, the modulation of LKB1 expression modifies PRMT5 enzymatic activity, highlighting a new regulatory mechanism mediated by the discovered posttranslational modification of this arginine methyltransferase