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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Influência do treinamento muscular respiratório no tônus do esfíncter inferior do esôfago em pacientes com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico / Effects of respiratory muscle training on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Chaves, Renata Carvalho de Miranda 27 January 2012 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) tem se mostrado capaz de aumentar a espessura diafragmática. Sabe-se que o diafragma crural age como um esfincter externo do esfíncter inferior do esôfago (EIE), mas é desconhecido se pacientes com hipotonia do EIE se beneficiariam do TMI, a fim de aumentarem a pressão respiratória média (PRM), consequentemente havendo melhora dos sintomas de refluxo gastroesofágico. OBJETIVO: Determinar o resultado dos efeitos do TMI nas pressões respiratória média nos pacientes com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e seu efeito no tônus do esfíncter inferior do esôfago e compará-los com o grupo controle. MÉTODOS: Vinte pacientes foram incluídos no grupo caso e nove no grupo controle. Todos pacientes tinham a pressão expiratória máxima (PEM) entre cinco e 10mmHg e foram submetidos à manometria esofágica e teste de função pulmonar antes e após oito semanas de treinamento utilizando o threshold IMT (Respironics, Cedar Grove, NJ) duas vezes ao dia. A medida da pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimax) foi aferida a cada duas semanas. O grupo caso teve o threshold IMT ajustado progressivamente, a cada quinze dias, sempre a 30% da nova Pimax. O grupo controle realizou o treinamento com o mesmo aparelho, sob uma pressão constante de 7cmH2O. O nível de significância estatística foi estabelecido a 5% (p £ 0,05). RESULTADOS: A média de idade do grupo caso foi 50,1 ± 18 e no grupo controle de 51,3± 11 anos. Após oito semanas de treinamento utilizando o threshold IMT houve uma melhora na PRM em 15 (75%) pacientes, representando um ganho médio de 46,6% (p<0,01), enquanto no grupo controle, seis (66%) pacientes obtiveram um aumento médio de 26,2% (p<0,01). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p= 0,507). A PEM também aumentou quando comparada com a inicial (p<0,01), mas não diferiu entre os grupos (p= 0,727). Observou-se uma melhora na Pimax no grupo 1 (40% versus 19,6%). Houve um aumento na pressão expiratória máxima (Pemax) em ambos os grupos após as oito semanas de IMT (p< 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O treinamento muscular inspiratório aumentou as pressões respiratória média e expiratória máxima ao longo das oito semanas em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença com significância estatística entre os grupos sugerindo que o aumento na pressão do esfíncter inferior do esôfago ocorre independentemente da resistência aplicada ao threshold IMT. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar o impacto clínico desse aumento pressórico e confirmar ou afastar a manutenção dessas pressões a longo prazo / INTRODUCTION: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been shown to increase diaphragm thickness. It is known that the diaphragmatic crural fibers act as an external LES, but it is unknown if patients with hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) would benefit from IMT increasing the mid-respiratory pressure (MRP), and as such relieving gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. AIM: Evaluate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on MRP in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and hypotensive LES and compare it with the control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients (progressive loading group) and 9 controls (sham group) were included. All of them had end expiratory pressure (EEP) between 5 and 10mmHg and underwent esophageal manometry and pulmonary function tests before and after 8 weeks of training using a threshold IMT (Respironics, Cedar Grove, NJ) twice daily. The maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax) measurement was repeated each 2 weeks. The progressive loading group had their threshold IMT set at 30% of their new Pimax. Sham-treated patients (same device but minimal resistance to the air flow) had their threshold set at 7cmH2O and it was maintained constant during the period. The significance level was set at 5% (p £ 0.05). RESULTS: The mean age of progressive loading group was 50.1 ± 11.3 years and sham group was 51.3± 6.3. Following eight weeks of training using a threshold IMT there was an increase in MRP in 15 (75%) patients, representing an average gain of 46.6% (p<0.01), while in the sham group, six (66%) patients had their MRP raised with mean increase of 26.2% (p< 0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups (p= 0.507). EEP also increased when compared with before measured (p<0.01), but did not differ between groups (p= 0.727). It has also been observed an improvement in the Pimax in progressive loading group (40% versus 19.6%). It was observed a gain in the maximal expiratory pressure (Pemax) as well in both groups after the 8-week program of IMT (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Inspiratory muscle training increased MRP and EEP in patients of active and sham-treated group after an 8-week program. There was no significant statistical difference between groups suggesting that the increase in pressure at LES occurs regardless to the resistance loading of threshold IMT. Extended follow-up is necessary to document the long-term benefits of such improvements
2

Influência do treinamento muscular respiratório no tônus do esfíncter inferior do esôfago em pacientes com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico / Effects of respiratory muscle training on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Renata Carvalho de Miranda Chaves 27 January 2012 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) tem se mostrado capaz de aumentar a espessura diafragmática. Sabe-se que o diafragma crural age como um esfincter externo do esfíncter inferior do esôfago (EIE), mas é desconhecido se pacientes com hipotonia do EIE se beneficiariam do TMI, a fim de aumentarem a pressão respiratória média (PRM), consequentemente havendo melhora dos sintomas de refluxo gastroesofágico. OBJETIVO: Determinar o resultado dos efeitos do TMI nas pressões respiratória média nos pacientes com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e seu efeito no tônus do esfíncter inferior do esôfago e compará-los com o grupo controle. MÉTODOS: Vinte pacientes foram incluídos no grupo caso e nove no grupo controle. Todos pacientes tinham a pressão expiratória máxima (PEM) entre cinco e 10mmHg e foram submetidos à manometria esofágica e teste de função pulmonar antes e após oito semanas de treinamento utilizando o threshold IMT (Respironics, Cedar Grove, NJ) duas vezes ao dia. A medida da pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimax) foi aferida a cada duas semanas. O grupo caso teve o threshold IMT ajustado progressivamente, a cada quinze dias, sempre a 30% da nova Pimax. O grupo controle realizou o treinamento com o mesmo aparelho, sob uma pressão constante de 7cmH2O. O nível de significância estatística foi estabelecido a 5% (p £ 0,05). RESULTADOS: A média de idade do grupo caso foi 50,1 ± 18 e no grupo controle de 51,3± 11 anos. Após oito semanas de treinamento utilizando o threshold IMT houve uma melhora na PRM em 15 (75%) pacientes, representando um ganho médio de 46,6% (p<0,01), enquanto no grupo controle, seis (66%) pacientes obtiveram um aumento médio de 26,2% (p<0,01). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (p= 0,507). A PEM também aumentou quando comparada com a inicial (p<0,01), mas não diferiu entre os grupos (p= 0,727). Observou-se uma melhora na Pimax no grupo 1 (40% versus 19,6%). Houve um aumento na pressão expiratória máxima (Pemax) em ambos os grupos após as oito semanas de IMT (p< 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O treinamento muscular inspiratório aumentou as pressões respiratória média e expiratória máxima ao longo das oito semanas em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença com significância estatística entre os grupos sugerindo que o aumento na pressão do esfíncter inferior do esôfago ocorre independentemente da resistência aplicada ao threshold IMT. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar o impacto clínico desse aumento pressórico e confirmar ou afastar a manutenção dessas pressões a longo prazo / INTRODUCTION: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been shown to increase diaphragm thickness. It is known that the diaphragmatic crural fibers act as an external LES, but it is unknown if patients with hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) would benefit from IMT increasing the mid-respiratory pressure (MRP), and as such relieving gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. AIM: Evaluate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on MRP in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and hypotensive LES and compare it with the control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients (progressive loading group) and 9 controls (sham group) were included. All of them had end expiratory pressure (EEP) between 5 and 10mmHg and underwent esophageal manometry and pulmonary function tests before and after 8 weeks of training using a threshold IMT (Respironics, Cedar Grove, NJ) twice daily. The maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax) measurement was repeated each 2 weeks. The progressive loading group had their threshold IMT set at 30% of their new Pimax. Sham-treated patients (same device but minimal resistance to the air flow) had their threshold set at 7cmH2O and it was maintained constant during the period. The significance level was set at 5% (p £ 0.05). RESULTS: The mean age of progressive loading group was 50.1 ± 11.3 years and sham group was 51.3± 6.3. Following eight weeks of training using a threshold IMT there was an increase in MRP in 15 (75%) patients, representing an average gain of 46.6% (p<0.01), while in the sham group, six (66%) patients had their MRP raised with mean increase of 26.2% (p< 0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups (p= 0.507). EEP also increased when compared with before measured (p<0.01), but did not differ between groups (p= 0.727). It has also been observed an improvement in the Pimax in progressive loading group (40% versus 19.6%). It was observed a gain in the maximal expiratory pressure (Pemax) as well in both groups after the 8-week program of IMT (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Inspiratory muscle training increased MRP and EEP in patients of active and sham-treated group after an 8-week program. There was no significant statistical difference between groups suggesting that the increase in pressure at LES occurs regardless to the resistance loading of threshold IMT. Extended follow-up is necessary to document the long-term benefits of such improvements
3

Intervención fisioterápica en el anciano con limitación funcional para las actividades de la vida diaria: estudio comparativo de la efectividad de dos protocolos de entrenamiento específico de la musculatura respiratoria vs. control

Cebrià i Iranzo, Maria dels Àngels 28 November 2011 (has links)
Introducción.La pérdida generalizada de masa y fuerza muscular asociada al envejecimiento es causa de deterioro funcional y discapacidad física, especialmente en el anciano de edad avanzada. En este contexto, la función respiratoria puede verse gravemente comprometida, cuando al descenso fisiológico de la fuerza de la musculatura respiratoria (MR), se le suman la comorbilidad y la inmovilidad. Estudios previos han demostrado que el entrenamiento específico de la MR se acompaña de la mejora significativa de la fuerza y la resistencia de esta musculatura, tanto en sujetos sanos como en enfermos. Por lo tanto, puede tratarse de una intervención efectiva para mejorar y mantener las características de la MR, así como prevenir el deterioro clínico y funcional del anciano más vulnerable. Objetivo. Evaluar y comparar entre sí la efectividad de dos protocolos de entrenamiento específico de la MR en la mejora de su fuerza y resistencia, en el anciano institucionalizado con importante limitación funcional. Material y métodos.Setenta y un ancianos institucionalizados con incapacidad para deambular (90% mujeres;edadmedia ± Sx, 85 ± 6 años) fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo control (n= 24) y dos grupos entrenados (grupo Threshold,n= 23; grupo Pranayama, n= 24). Los grupos experimentales siguieron un protocolo de entrenamiento supervisado, cinco días a la semana durante seis semanas consecutivas. Las principales variables de este estudio, las presiones respiratorias estáticas máximas (PImax y PEmax) y la ventilación máxima voluntaria (VMV), fueron medidas en cuatro momentos temporales (semanas 0, 4, 7 y 10) para cada uno de los tres grupos definidos. Resultados. Contrariamente a nuestra hipótesis, el entrenamiento mediante Threshold® IMT no reveló efecto significativo en la fuerza y la resistencia de la MR. Sin embargo, los ejercicios de ventilación controlada, descritos como Pranayama, reflejaron un aumento significativo de la fuerza de laMR sobre los grupos control y Threshold(PImax F6,204= 6,774, p< 0,001, η2= 0,166; PEmax F6,204= 4,257, p< 0,001, η2= 0,111). Adicionalmente, el Pranayama mostró un efecto significativamente mayor de la resistencia de la MR respecto al grupo control (VMV F6,204= 5,322, p< 0,001, η2= 0,135). Conclusión. El entrenamiento mediante Pranayama es una modalidad de ejercicio efectiva y bien tolerada por el anciano que no puede deambular autónomamente. Por lo tanto, es una alternativa beneficiosa para el mantenimiento y mejora de la fuerza y resistencia de la MR en el anciano con perdida significativa de movilidad y capacidad de ejercicio. / The global loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging is a cause of functional impairment and disability, particularly in the frail elderly. Respiratory function can be severely compromised if there is a decrease of respiratory muscle (RM) strength complicated by the presence of comorbidities and physical immobility. Previous studies have shown that RM training is an effective method to increase RM strength, both in healthy people and patients. In this case, RM training may be regarded as a beneficial alternative to improve RM function, and thus prevent physical deterioration in this population. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effect of two specific RM training protocols on the RM strength and endurance in an elderly population, who were unable to engage in general exercise conditioning. The hypothesis was that RM training would improve RM strength and endurance in the experimental groups vs. control group, who did not participate in RM training. Methods. Seventy-one institutionalized elderlypeople with an inability to walk (90% female, age 85 ± 6 years) were randomly assigned to a control group (n=24), Threshold group (n=23) or Pranayama group (n=24). Both experimental groups performed a supervised RM training, 5 days/week for six consecutive weeks. The maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) and the maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were assessed at four time points in each of the three groups. Results. Contrary to our original hypothesis, Threshold® IMT did not reveal a significant effect on the RM strength and endurance, when compared to the outcomes in the control group. However, Pranayama exercises reflected a significant increase in RM strength, over the control and Threshold groups (MIP F6,204= 6,774, p< 0,001, 2= 0,166; MEP F6,204= 4,257, p< 0,001, 2= 0,111). Additionally, the Pranayama RM trainingwas significantlybetter in increasing RM endurance when compared to the MVVmeasured in the control group (MVV F6,204= 5,322, p< 0,001, 2= 0,135). Conclusion.Pranayama RM training is an effective and well-tolerated exercise regimen in the elderly population. Therefore, RM training is effective in improving RM strength and endurance in a functionally impaired elderly population.

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