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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The pro- and anti-fibrinolytic properties of human leucocytes

Moir, Elaine January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
2

Computational fluid dynamics investigation of the orientation of a pediatric left ventricle assist device cannula to reduce stroke events

Guimond, Stephen 01 December 2012 (has links)
Ventricle Assist Devices (VADs), which are typically either axial or centrifugal flow pumps implanted on the aortic arch, have been used to support patients who are awaiting cardiac transplantation. Success of the apparatus in the short term has led to long term use. Despite anticoagulation measures, blood clots (thrombi) have been known to form in the device itself or inside of the heart. The Ventricle Assist Devices supply blood flow via a conduit (cannula) implanted on the ascending aorta. Currently, the implantation angle of the VAD cannula is not taken into consideration. Since the VADs supply a significant amount of blood flow to the aorta, the implantation angle can greatly affect the trajectory of the formed thrombi as well as the cardiac flow field inside of the aortic arch. This study aims to vary the implantation angle of a pediatric Left Ventricle Assist Device (LVAD) through a series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software simulations focusing on the aortic arch and its branching arteries of a 20 kg pediatric patient in order to reduce the occurrence of stroke.
3

Computational analysis of alternative aortic bypass for left ventricle assistant device (LVAD)

Osorio, Andres F. 01 January 2008 (has links)
ABSTRACT Left Ventricular Assistant Devices (LVAD's) have been routinely used to treat patients with heart failure, and to help bridge patients awaiting heart transplant surgery. A major problem with LVAD's is their tendency to stimulate the formation of blood clots that can cause serious conditions such as strokes, thrombosis, and even death. A study on an alternative aortic bypass for patients with LVAD implants as a mean to reduce the number of thrombi that eventually flow into the carotid arteries by promoting them to flow into the subclavian arteries and descending aorta is presented. The study consists of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for standard and alternative aortic bypass L V AD configurations. Results show that thrombi with diameters in the range of 2mm to 5mm have the highest chance of flowing into the carotid arteries from the aortic arch. The CFD study of the alternative aortic bypass implementation shows an increase in the number of thrombi that flow out of the aortic arch to the descending aorta by 4.65% for 0.5mm diameter, 11.63% for 2mm diameter, 37.21 % for 3mm diameter, and 9.3% for 5mm diameter thrombi.
4

Avaliação de massas cardíacas pela ecocardiografia com perfusão em tempo real / Evaluation of cardiac masses by real time perfusion imaging echocardiography

Uenishi, Eliza Kaori 11 May 2011 (has links)
Introdução: As massas cardíacas (MC) podem ser tumores, trombos ou pseudotumores. A avaliação da vascularização poderá ser uma ferramenta adicional para o seu diagnóstico diferencial. Neste estudo, demonstrou-se o valor diagnóstico da ecocardiografia com perfusão na caracterização das MC or meio de análises qualitativas e quantitativas de perfusão. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo que envolveu 107 pacientes, classificados em quatro grupos: 33 trombos, 23 tumores malignos (TM), 24 tumores benignos (TB) e 6 pseudotumores; 21 pacientes foram excluídos por não terem diagnóstico definitivo confirmado. A avaliação de perfusão foi realizada pela ecocardiografia com perfusão em tempo real, utilizando contraste à base de microbolhas. Em um grupo selecionado de pacientes (32), o estudo foi complementado com dipiridamol para avaliação da reserva de fluxo da massa. A análise foi feita qualitativa e quantitativamente por dois observadores independentes. Na análise qualitativa, os parâmetros foram: intensidade da perfusão (escore 0 a 3), velocidade do repreenchimento microvascular (escore 0 a 2), padrão de perfusão central ou periférico (escore 0 a 2) e presença de áreas de necrose (escore 0 e 1). Os dois parâmetros de quantificação das massas foram: volume de sangue microvascular (A) e fluxo microvascular regional, que é o produto da velocidade de fluxo () e volume (A). Resultados: Na análise qualitativa, o padrão mais frequente para o grupo trombos foi: sem perfusão (81,9%), sem velocidade de perfusão (81,9%) e sem área de necrose (93,4%); nos tumores, predominou perfusão discreta (62,3%), com velocidade lenta (64,2%) e áreas de necrose (30,2%). Na análise qualitativa, a variação intraobservador para escore de perfusão e de velocidade foi de 20%, para áreas de necrose de 25% e para padrão de perfusão foi de 45%. Na análise quantitativa, o grupo trombos apresentou valores de A e Ax significativamente menores quando comparados ao grupo de tumores: Trombos: A = 0,08 (0,01-0,22dB); Ax = 0,03 (0,010,14dB/s-1); TM: A = 2,78 (1,31-7,0dB); Ax = 2,0 (0,995,58dB/s-1); TB: A = 2,58 (1,24-4,55dB); Ax = 1,18 (0,453,4dB/s-1). Quando comparados apenas os grupos de tumores com o uso de dipiridamol, os TM apresentaram volume sanguíneo microvascular (A) maiores: A = 4,18 (2,14-7,93dB); Ax = 2,46 (1,424,59dB/s-1), TB: A = 2,69 (1,11-4,26dB); Ax = 1,55 (0,555,50dB/s-1). Na análise com a curva ROC, a área sob a curva = 0,95, no parâmetro volume sanguíneo microvascular (A) < 0,65dB na ecocardiografia de perfusão com e sem uso de dipiridamol foi preditor para trombo, bem como o parâmetro fluxo sanguíneo microvascular (Ax) < 0,30dB/s-1, (área sob a curva = 0,94). Para distinguir entre TM de TB, o parâmetro volume sanguíneo microvascular (A), com o uso de dipiridamol > 3,28dB foi preditor de TM (área sob a curva = 0,75). Conclusão: O estudo ecocardiográfico para avaliação da perfusão das MC mostrou que a análise qualitativa é um método diagnóstico rápido e reprodutível para diagnosticar trombos. Os tumores cardíacos apresentam volume microvascular e fluxo sanguíneo regional maior se comparados com os trombos. O uso do dipiridamol foi útil na diferenciação entre os TM e TB / Background: Cardiac masses (CM) can be tumors, thrombi or pseudotumors. Evaluation of their vascularization might be an additional tool to perform a differential diagnosis. In the present study we demonstrated the diagnostic value of perfusion echocardiography for CM characterization, by qualitative and quantitative analyses of perfusion. Methods: We prospectively studied 107 patients, who were classified into 4 groups: 33 thrombus, 23 malignant tumors (MT), 24 benign tumors (BT) and 6 pseudotumors, of which 21 were excluded because no definitive diagnosis could be confirmed. Perfusion evaluation was performed by contrast echocardiography with real time perfusion imaging using microbubbles. A group of patients (32) was selected for a complementary study using dipyridamole to evaluate mass flow reserve. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by two independent observers. Parameters for qualitative analysis were perfusion intensity (0-3 score), microvascular refilling velocity (0-2 score), central or peripheral perfusion pattern (0-2 score), and presence of areas of necrosis (0 or 1 score). The two parameters for quantification of masses were microvascular blood volume (A), and regional microvascular flow which is the product of blood flow velocity and vomume (A). Results: The most frequent pattern for the thrombi group in the qualitative analysis was absence of perfusion (81.9%), followed by no perfusion velocity (81.9%), and no areas of necrosis (93.4%), whilst among tumors there was predominance of discrete perfusion (62.3%), with slowed velocity (64.2%), and areas of necrosis (30.2%). Qualitative analysis, perfusion velocity showed intraobserver variability 20%, presence of areas of necrosis of 25% and perfusion pattern of 45%. In the quantitative analysis, the thrombi group was shown to have A and Ax values significantly smaller compared to the tumor group: Thrombi: A = 0.08 (0.01-0.22dB); Ax = 0.03 (0.010.14dB/s-1); MT: A = 2.78 (1.31-7.0dB); Ax = 2.0 (0.995.58dB/s-1); BT: A = 2.58 (1.24-4.55dB); Ax = 1.18 (0.453.4dB/s-1). When only the tumor groups with the use of dipyridamole were compared, MT was shown to have greater microvascular blood volume (A): A = 4.18 (2.14-7.93dB); Ax = 2.46(1.424.59dB/s-1), BT: A = 2.69 (1.11-4.265dB); Ax = 1.55 (0.555.50dB/s-1). Analysis of the ROC curve showed that an area of 0.95 for a microvascular blood volume of A < 0.65 dB predictive curve on perfusion echocardiography, both with and without dipyridamole, predicts thrombi, and so does a <0.30dB/s-1microvascular blood flow (Ax), area under curve = 0.94. In order to distinguish MT from BT, a >3.28dB microvascular blood volume (A) using dipyridamole was predictor of MT (area under curve = 0.75). Conclusion: The echocardiographic study to evaluate CM perfusion showed that qualitative analysis is reproducible diagnostic approach for diagnosing thrombi. Cardiac tumors show greater microvascular volume and regional blood flow when compared with thrombi. Dipyridamole quantitative stress mass perfusion was useful to differentiate MT from BT
5

Avaliação de massas cardíacas pela ecocardiografia com perfusão em tempo real / Evaluation of cardiac masses by real time perfusion imaging echocardiography

Eliza Kaori Uenishi 11 May 2011 (has links)
Introdução: As massas cardíacas (MC) podem ser tumores, trombos ou pseudotumores. A avaliação da vascularização poderá ser uma ferramenta adicional para o seu diagnóstico diferencial. Neste estudo, demonstrou-se o valor diagnóstico da ecocardiografia com perfusão na caracterização das MC or meio de análises qualitativas e quantitativas de perfusão. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo que envolveu 107 pacientes, classificados em quatro grupos: 33 trombos, 23 tumores malignos (TM), 24 tumores benignos (TB) e 6 pseudotumores; 21 pacientes foram excluídos por não terem diagnóstico definitivo confirmado. A avaliação de perfusão foi realizada pela ecocardiografia com perfusão em tempo real, utilizando contraste à base de microbolhas. Em um grupo selecionado de pacientes (32), o estudo foi complementado com dipiridamol para avaliação da reserva de fluxo da massa. A análise foi feita qualitativa e quantitativamente por dois observadores independentes. Na análise qualitativa, os parâmetros foram: intensidade da perfusão (escore 0 a 3), velocidade do repreenchimento microvascular (escore 0 a 2), padrão de perfusão central ou periférico (escore 0 a 2) e presença de áreas de necrose (escore 0 e 1). Os dois parâmetros de quantificação das massas foram: volume de sangue microvascular (A) e fluxo microvascular regional, que é o produto da velocidade de fluxo () e volume (A). Resultados: Na análise qualitativa, o padrão mais frequente para o grupo trombos foi: sem perfusão (81,9%), sem velocidade de perfusão (81,9%) e sem área de necrose (93,4%); nos tumores, predominou perfusão discreta (62,3%), com velocidade lenta (64,2%) e áreas de necrose (30,2%). Na análise qualitativa, a variação intraobservador para escore de perfusão e de velocidade foi de 20%, para áreas de necrose de 25% e para padrão de perfusão foi de 45%. Na análise quantitativa, o grupo trombos apresentou valores de A e Ax significativamente menores quando comparados ao grupo de tumores: Trombos: A = 0,08 (0,01-0,22dB); Ax = 0,03 (0,010,14dB/s-1); TM: A = 2,78 (1,31-7,0dB); Ax = 2,0 (0,995,58dB/s-1); TB: A = 2,58 (1,24-4,55dB); Ax = 1,18 (0,453,4dB/s-1). Quando comparados apenas os grupos de tumores com o uso de dipiridamol, os TM apresentaram volume sanguíneo microvascular (A) maiores: A = 4,18 (2,14-7,93dB); Ax = 2,46 (1,424,59dB/s-1), TB: A = 2,69 (1,11-4,26dB); Ax = 1,55 (0,555,50dB/s-1). Na análise com a curva ROC, a área sob a curva = 0,95, no parâmetro volume sanguíneo microvascular (A) < 0,65dB na ecocardiografia de perfusão com e sem uso de dipiridamol foi preditor para trombo, bem como o parâmetro fluxo sanguíneo microvascular (Ax) < 0,30dB/s-1, (área sob a curva = 0,94). Para distinguir entre TM de TB, o parâmetro volume sanguíneo microvascular (A), com o uso de dipiridamol > 3,28dB foi preditor de TM (área sob a curva = 0,75). Conclusão: O estudo ecocardiográfico para avaliação da perfusão das MC mostrou que a análise qualitativa é um método diagnóstico rápido e reprodutível para diagnosticar trombos. Os tumores cardíacos apresentam volume microvascular e fluxo sanguíneo regional maior se comparados com os trombos. O uso do dipiridamol foi útil na diferenciação entre os TM e TB / Background: Cardiac masses (CM) can be tumors, thrombi or pseudotumors. Evaluation of their vascularization might be an additional tool to perform a differential diagnosis. In the present study we demonstrated the diagnostic value of perfusion echocardiography for CM characterization, by qualitative and quantitative analyses of perfusion. Methods: We prospectively studied 107 patients, who were classified into 4 groups: 33 thrombus, 23 malignant tumors (MT), 24 benign tumors (BT) and 6 pseudotumors, of which 21 were excluded because no definitive diagnosis could be confirmed. Perfusion evaluation was performed by contrast echocardiography with real time perfusion imaging using microbubbles. A group of patients (32) was selected for a complementary study using dipyridamole to evaluate mass flow reserve. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by two independent observers. Parameters for qualitative analysis were perfusion intensity (0-3 score), microvascular refilling velocity (0-2 score), central or peripheral perfusion pattern (0-2 score), and presence of areas of necrosis (0 or 1 score). The two parameters for quantification of masses were microvascular blood volume (A), and regional microvascular flow which is the product of blood flow velocity and vomume (A). Results: The most frequent pattern for the thrombi group in the qualitative analysis was absence of perfusion (81.9%), followed by no perfusion velocity (81.9%), and no areas of necrosis (93.4%), whilst among tumors there was predominance of discrete perfusion (62.3%), with slowed velocity (64.2%), and areas of necrosis (30.2%). Qualitative analysis, perfusion velocity showed intraobserver variability 20%, presence of areas of necrosis of 25% and perfusion pattern of 45%. In the quantitative analysis, the thrombi group was shown to have A and Ax values significantly smaller compared to the tumor group: Thrombi: A = 0.08 (0.01-0.22dB); Ax = 0.03 (0.010.14dB/s-1); MT: A = 2.78 (1.31-7.0dB); Ax = 2.0 (0.995.58dB/s-1); BT: A = 2.58 (1.24-4.55dB); Ax = 1.18 (0.453.4dB/s-1). When only the tumor groups with the use of dipyridamole were compared, MT was shown to have greater microvascular blood volume (A): A = 4.18 (2.14-7.93dB); Ax = 2.46(1.424.59dB/s-1), BT: A = 2.69 (1.11-4.265dB); Ax = 1.55 (0.555.50dB/s-1). Analysis of the ROC curve showed that an area of 0.95 for a microvascular blood volume of A < 0.65 dB predictive curve on perfusion echocardiography, both with and without dipyridamole, predicts thrombi, and so does a <0.30dB/s-1microvascular blood flow (Ax), area under curve = 0.94. In order to distinguish MT from BT, a >3.28dB microvascular blood volume (A) using dipyridamole was predictor of MT (area under curve = 0.75). Conclusion: The echocardiographic study to evaluate CM perfusion showed that qualitative analysis is reproducible diagnostic approach for diagnosing thrombi. Cardiac tumors show greater microvascular volume and regional blood flow when compared with thrombi. Dipyridamole quantitative stress mass perfusion was useful to differentiate MT from BT

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